• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.630-641
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 기성복 제작과 체형해석에 필요한 기준을 마련하기 위해, 표준체형의 개념을 다빈도 구간에 속하면서 아름다운 크기와 형태, 프로포션을 갖는 체형으로 정의하였다. 이에 따라 다수의 피험자가 속해 있는 H.P.구간을 밝히고, 각 체형 분류 방법에 의해 제시된 다빈도 유형 및 바른체형 유형, H.P. 구간 피험자의 체형이 각각 전체 피험자 집단의 체형을 대표할 수 있는지에 대해 검토하였다. 그 결과 특정 체형 분류 방법에 의한 다빈도 유형이나 바른체형 유형을 기준으로 표준체형에 접근하기보다는, H.P. 구간 피험자 집단의 체형특성을 기준으로 표준체형에 접근하는 것이 타당하다고 판단되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 표준체형을 도출해 내기 위해 선행 체형 분석 방법에 의해 분류된 다빈도 유형 및 바른체형 유형과 다빈도 구간을 비교, 분석함으로써 다빈도 형태에 대해 먼저 접근하는 방법을 사용하였다. 표준 형태를 파악한 후 표준 치수를 찾아내는 방법을 통해 표준체형의 형태적 특징에 대한 많은 정보를 얻을 수 있다고 판단된다. 제2보에서는 첫째, 사진평가에 의한 미적 분석 방법을 제안하고, 둘째, 체형에 대한 미적분석 결과를 본보에서 제시한 통계적 분석 결과와 합하여 표준프로포션과 표준체형을 제안하고자 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2007

Purpose: Photogrammetry has been introduced as an alternative to direct measurement to obtain facial distances for a variety of anthropometric applications. The aim of this study is to establish morphological and functional value of an eye in Korean youths using specially designed computer software with digital photographic images. Methods: Authors measured anthropometry of an eye in Korean youths 1,449 individuals(622 males, 827 females) and analyzed stastically them. Results: The mean measurements are as follows. The diameter of cornea was $11.6{\pm}0.9mm$ in males and $11.3{\pm}0.9mm$ in females. The vertical dimension of palpebral fissure was $7.4{\pm}1.7mm$ in males and $8.2{\pm}1.6mm$ in females. The intercanthal width was $35.8{\pm}3.2mm$ in males and $34.4{\pm}2.9mm$ in females. The biocular width was $90.4{\pm}5.7mm$ in males and $87.4{\pm}5.3mm$ in females. The endocantion-superior margin of palpebral fissure distance was $12.7{\pm}1.4mm$ in males and $11.6{\pm}1.4mm$ in females. The horizontal dimension of palpebral fissure was $28.5{\pm}2.2mm$ in males and $27.4{\pm}1.9mm$ in females. The slant of palpebral fissure was $10.7{\pm}2.6^{\circ}$ in males and $11.3{\pm}3.0^{\circ}$ in females. The height of upper eyelid was $10.6{\pm}2.3mm$ in males and $10.7{\pm}2.3mm$ in females. The width of double fold was $2.0{\pm}0.7mm$ in males and $1.9{\pm}0.6mm$ in females. A double fold was seen in 21.9% of males and 44.9% of females. The most frequent shape of the double fold was type IV. The most common type of epicanthal fold was type III in both males and females. Conclusion: Photogrammetic measurement of large population using specially designed software could offer reliable data and these data could be useful reference for preoperative consultation, surgical planning and anthropometic study of eye.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

목 적: 뇌성마비 등 뇌병변장애환자는 여러 가지 원인으로 영양장애와 성장장애가 오나 사지마비와 사지구축 자세이상 등으로 성장상태를 정확하게 측정하기도 어렵고 열량대사가 정상인과 달라서 영양 요구량을 아는 것이 쉽지 않다. 저자들은 경관 영양을 하는 중증 사지마비성 뇌병변장애환자의 영양상태와 열량섭취량을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2004년 1월에 본 서울시립아동병원에 입원하고 있는 환자 중에 2세 이상 30세 사이의 경관 영양을 하는 중증 사지마비성 뇌병변장애환자 86명을 대상으로 하여 신장, 체중, 상완둘레, 피부주름두께를 재고 섭취 에너지 열량을 계산하여 신장 및 체중에 대한 단위 섭취 열량을 측정하였다. 결 과: 1) 체중은 나이와 연령에 따른 평균의 46.5%이고, 신장은 84.2%, 상완둘레는 74.5%, 피부주름두께는 44.6%였다. 2) 열량섭취량은 한국인의 1일 열량권장량의 평균 45.2%를 섭취하고 있었으며 Mayo clinic nomogram에 맞추어는 평균 69.4%였다. 3) 단위 신장당 평균 7.2cal/cm, 단위 체중당 평균 57.0cal/kg을 섭취하고 있었다. 신장과 섭취열량과의 관계가 (Fig. 1, r=0.476) 체중에 따른 섭취 열량과의 관계(r=0.263)보다 상관계수가 높았다. 결 론: 중증뇌병변장애환자는 여러 가지 원인으로 성장장애가 와 있으며 경관 영양 하루 열량이 평균 $880.9{\pm}207.4kcal$, 즉 한국인 1일 열량권장량의 45.2%를 섭취하고 있었다. 하루 500kcal에서 1,100kcal, 즉 일일열량권장량의 16~50%라도 충분하다는 보고도 있지만 개개인에서 체중변화와 열량섭취를 충분한 시간을 가지고 주의 깊게 살펴서 열량 조절을 하는 방법을 적용해야 하며 이들의 열량 요구량에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2016

배경: 한국의 중년여성의 복부비만 유병률은 급속하게 증가하고 있으나 복부비만 관리프로그램의 종류와 그 효과가 다양하고 효과적인 중재 방법을 선택하는 데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 한국의 중년 비만여성을 대상으로 실시한 복부비만관리 프로그램의 효과를 체계적이고 종합적으로 규명하여 학문적 기초자료를 제시하는데 있다. 방법: 학술지 392편, 학위논문 380편으로 총 772편의 논문 중 중복된 자료를 제외한 647편에서 조사연구이거나 나이에 적합하지 않거나 대조군이 선정되지 않는 등, 선정기준에 부합하지 않는 604편을 제외하여 총 43편의 복부비만관리 프로그램 논문을 분석대상으로 선정하여 주요 비만지표의 효과크기를 분석하고, 각 효과크기의 이질성에 대한 설명을 위해 메타 ANOVA와 메타회귀분석을 활용하여 조절효과분석을 실시하였다. 또한 출간오류분석을 통해 연구 결과의 타당성을 확인하였다. 결과: 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 비만 중년여성을 대상으로 실시한 복부비만관리 프로그램의 표준화된 평균 효과크기는 0.22로 작은 효과크기를 나타냈고, 염증성 지표와 지방분포율은 각각 0.36으로 중간 정도의 효과크기를 나타냈으며, 대사성 지표는 0.21, 신체계측 지표는 0.18로 작은 효과크기를 보였다. 이질성은 중간 정도의 이질성($I^2=44.5%$, Q = 844.57, P<0.001)을 보였고, Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) 여부나 출판여부에 따라 효과크기에 차이가 없었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과에 근거하여 최근 대두되고 있는 비만 여성에 대한 건강 증진 및 복부비만 개선에 대한 중재효과를 계량적으로 분석한 점에서 복부비만프로그램 중재의 효과파악을 위한 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2019

Background: Cerebrovascular disease is included in four major diseases and is a disease that has high rates of prevalence and mortality around the world. Moreover, it is a disease that requires a high cost for long-term hospitalization and treatment. This study aims to figure out the correlation between grip strength, which was presented as a simple, cost-effective, and relevant predictor of cerebrovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease based on the results of a prior study. And furthermore, our study compared model suitability of the model to measuring grip strength and relative grip strength as a predictor of cerebrovascular disease to improve the quality of cerebrovascular disease's predictor. Methods: This study conducted an analysis based on the generalized linear mixed model using the data from the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing from 2006 to 2016. The research subjects consisted of 9,132 middle old age people aged 45 years or older at baseline with no missing information of education level, gender, marital status, residential region, type of national health insurance, self-related health, smoking status, alcohol use, and economic activity. The grip strength was calculated the average which measured 4 times (both hands twice), and the relative grip force was divided by the body mass index as a variable considering the anthropometric figure that affects the cerebrovascular disease and the grip strength. Cerebrovascular diseases, a dependent variable, were investigated based on experiences diagnosed by doctors. Results: An analysis of the association between grip strength and found that about 0.972 (odds ratio [OR], 0.972; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.963-0.981) was the incidence of cerebral vascular disease as grip strength increased by one unit increase and the association between relative grip strength and cerebrovascular disease found that about 0.418 (OR, 0.418; 95% CI, 0.342-0.511) was the incidence of cerebral vascular disease as relative grip strength increased by unit. In addition, the model suitability of the model for each grip strength and relative grip strength was 11,193 and 11,156, which means relative grip strength is the better application to the predictor of cerebrovascular diseases, irrespective of other variables. Conclusion: The results of this study need to be carefully examined and validated in applying relative grip strength to improve the quality of predictors of cerebrovascular diseases affecting high mortality and prevalence.

• 대한보건연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 종합건강검진 수검자의 신체측정과 혈액검사를 통해 탈수 위험요인에 대해 조사하는 것이다. 연구방법: 연구 분석을 위해 Sodium ($Na^+$), BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) 및 FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar)의 데이터가 유효한 5,391개의 샘플을 선택하여 혈장삼투압 탈수지표를 계산하였다. 조사 데이터는 2014.01.01과 2015.12.31사이에 삼육서울의료원 종합건강검진센터를 방문한 검진 수검자로부터 수집되었다. 탈수와 연령, 체질량지수(BMI), 질병노출(고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상지질혈증, 신장장애)의 관계를 성별로 구분하여 분석하였다. 연구결과: 탈수 교차비는 남성과 여성 모두 50대 이상 연령부터 통계적 유의성이 나타났다. 비만여성은 탈수에 취약했으나 남성은 BMI 차이에 통계적 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 질병에 노출된 그룹(고혈압, 당뇨병, 이상 지질 혈증, 신장 장애)은 탈수에 취약하였다. 또한 질병노출 수가 많을수록 교차비가 높아 탈수 위험도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 노화, BMI증가, 질병노출은 탈수에 취약하게 하는 위험요인으로 나타났다. 50세 이후 연령대는 탈수예방을 위해 BMI와 만성질환 조절에 특별한 주의가 요구된다. 질병발생에 잠재적인 자극 메커니즘으로 혈장 삼투압 증가에 영향을 끼치는 탈수 위험요인에 대한 추가 연구를 제안한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the food, nutrient intake, and diet quality of postmenopausal women at high risk of osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with those of control subjects. Methods: A total of 1,131 post-menopausal women aged over 45 years, who took the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were included for analysis. These participants were classified into the following groups: the OP group, with a risk of OP (n=135); the CVD group, with a risk of CVD (n=373); the OP+CVD group, with a risk of OP and CVD concurrently (n=218); and the control group (n=405) according to bone mineral density (BMD) and CVD risk. Anthropometric measurements, blood profiles, dietary intake, and dietary quality indices were measured and compared among the four groups. Results: Waist circumference, total body fat percentage, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol were higher, and HDL-cholesterol and BMD were lower in the OP+CVD group than in the control group. In the food frequency questionnaire, the OP+CVD group had significantly higher frequencies of grain (except for multi-grain) and lower frequencies of fruit and dairy product. The frequency of consumption of red meat, processed meat, and carbonated beverages was higher in OP+CVD group. In nutrient density analysis, proteins and vitamin $B_2$ levels were significantly lower in the OP+CVD group than in the control group. The nutritional quality index (INQ) values of calcium were in the order of 0.63, 0.58, 0.56, and 0.55 in each group, and it was urgent to improve the dietary intake for calcium in postmenopausal women. In addition, vitamin $B_2$ was inadequately consumed by all groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that it is necessary to increase the intake of vitamin $B_2$ and calcium and decrease the frequency of intake of red meat, processed meat, and carbonated beverages in postmenopausal women with the risk of OP and CVD.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.230-239
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the dietary patterns (DPs) of women during pregnancy. The present study aimed to identify the DPs of pregnant Malaysian women and their associations with socio-demographic, obstetric, and anthropometric characteristics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 737 participants enrolled in Seremban Cohort Study between 2013 and 2015. Food consumption was assessed using a validated 126-food item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) at four time-points, namely, pre-pregnancy and at each trimester (first, second, and third). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify DPs. RESULTS: Three DPs were identified at each time point and designated DP 1-3 (pre-pregnancy), DP 4-6 (first trimester), DP 7-9 (second trimester) and DP 10-12 (third trimester). DP 1, 4, and 7 appeared to be more prudent diets, characterized by higher intakes of nuts, seeds & legumes, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, eggs, fruits, and milk & dairy products. DP 2, 5, 8, and 11 had greater loadings of condiments & spices, sugar, spreads & creamer, though DP 2 had additional sweet foods, DP 5 and 8 had additional oils & fats, and DP 11 had additional tea & coffee, respectively. DP 3 and 6 were characterized by high protein (poultry, meat, processed, dairy, eggs, and fish), sugars (mainly as beverages and sweet foods), and energy (bread, cereal & cereal products, rice, noodles & pasta) intakes. DP 9 had additional fruits. However, DP 12 had greater loadings of energy foods (bread, cereal & cereal products, rice, noodles & pasta), sugars (mainly as beverages, and sweet foods), and good protein sources (eggs, nuts, seeds & legumes). Malays were more likely to have lower adherence (LA) for DP 1 and 10 than non-Malays. DP 2, 8, and 11 were more prevalent among Malays than non-Malays. Women with a higher education were more likely to have LA for DP 10, and women with a greater waist circumference at first prenatal visit were more likely to show LA for DP 11. CONCLUSIONS: DPs observed in the present study were substantially different from those reported in Western populations. Information concerning associations between ethnicity, waist circumference and education with specific DPs before and throughout pregnancy could facilitate efforts to promote healthy dietary behavior and the overall health and well-being of pregnant women.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2019

Purpose: Information about overweight and obesity among students in rural areas of Thailand is limited. Therefore, we aimed to determine overweight and obesity prevalences and associated factors among school-aged children in a rural community of Thailand. Methods: We selected 9 public schools through cluster sampling in 2 provinces located in central Thailand in 2016. Anthropometric measurements were measured using standard techniques, classified as overweight (>1 standard deviation [SD]) and obese (>2 SD) with respect to their age and sex using 2007 World Health Organization reference charts. Standardized questionnaires on risk factors were sent to parents to be completed together with their child. Results: Among 1,749 students, 8.98% had overweight and 7.26% had obesity. Mean age (range) was 11.5 years (5-18 years). Independent factors associated with overweight and obesity included primary school student (reference as secondary school) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-4.08; P=0.07), mother's body mass index (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12; P=0.001), self-employed father (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.12-3.55; P=0.018), number of siblings (aOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.81; P=0.001), having sibling(s) with obesity (aOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20-2.77; P=0.005), more than one (aOR, 7.16; 95% CI, 2.40-21.32; P<0.001), consuming 2-3 ladles of rice/meal (aOR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.38-3.32; P=0.001), consuming >3 ladles of rice/meal (aOR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.11-6.46; P=0.27), watching <2 hours of television/day (aOR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.19-4.01; P=0.012), and watching >2 hours of television/day (aOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.36-4.96; P=0.004). Conclusion: Many sociodemographic, dietary, and behavioral factors were related to overweight and obesity among school-aged children not only in urban but also rural communities of Thailand.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

Introduction The previous study showed that the psychological Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and physical Body Mass Index (BMI) were clinically useful for predicting Sasang types diagnosed with certified clinical specialist and QSCCII. The purpose of current study was to examine its clinical usefulness using large sized clinical sample. Methods The age, sex, height, weight, circumference of waist and hip, Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and Sasang type of 2,049 participants listed on the Korean Medicine Data Center were acquired. The anthropometrics of BMI, Ponderal Index (PI), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) were calculated. The discriminant analysis using SPQ subscales, BMI, age and sex were performed to predict Sasang types. And, the ANCOVA with age and sex as covariate was also used to examine differences among diagnosed and predicted Sasang type groups in biopsychological features. Results The discriminant analysis showed 82.0% of percentage correctly predicted. And, the biopsychological characteristics of predicted Sasang type groups were significantly similar to those of diagnosed Sasang type groups. In both predicted and diagnosed Sasang type groups, the anthropometric measures were in increasing order of So-Eum, So-Yang, and Tae-Eum types, and the psychological measures were in increasing order of So-Eum, Tae-Eum, and So-Yang types as shown in previous studies. Discussion and Conclusion The well validated biopsychological variables of SPQ and BMI showed theoretical and clinical usefulness, and were found to be useful for diagnosing Sasang types in clinical setting. The current study might be useful for the East-West integrative medicine and evidence-based teaching.