• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2020

Anthocyanins are antioxidant compounds susceptible to environmental factors. Anthocyanin encapsulation into yeast cells is a viable solution to overcome this problem. In this study, the optimal factors for anthocyanin encapsulation were investigated, including anthocyanin concentration, plasmolysis contraction agent, and ethanol concentration, and response surface methodology was evaluated, for the first time. Anthocyanin from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flowers was encapsulated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae using plasmolysis contraction agent (B: 3%-20% w/v), ethanol concentration (C: 3%-20% v/v), and anthocyanin concentration (A: 0.15-0.45 g/ml). The encapsulation yield and anthocyanin loss rate were determined using a spectrometer (520 nm), and color stability evaluation of the capsules was performed at 80℃ for 30 min. The results of the study showed that these factors have a significant impact on the encapsulation of anthocyanin, in which ethanol agents have the highest encapsulation yield compared to other factors in the study. Statistical analysis shows that the independent variables (A, B, C), their squares (A², B², C²), and the interaction between B and C have a significant effect on the encapsulation yield. The optimized factors were anthocyanin, 0.25 g/ml; NaCl, 9.5% (w/v); and ethanol, 11% (v/v) with an encapsulation yield of 36.56% ± 0.55% and anthocyanin loss rate of 15.15% ± 0.98%; This is consistent with the expected encapsulation yield of 35.46% and loss rate of 13.2%.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1995

갯방풍(防風)의 품질(品質)은 홍색(紅色)의 착색과정(着色過程)에 따라 크게 좌우(左右)되기 때문에 보다 확실(確實)한 착색기술(着色技術)의 확립(確立)이 요망(要望)된다. 따라서 본 실험(實驗)은 갯방풍(防風)의 Anthocyanin 생성(生成)에 미치는 환경요인(環境要因)을 구명(究明)하고자 수행(遂行)하였던 바 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 온도처리(溫度處理)에 따른 갯방풍(防風)의 발아율(發芽率)은 20/$15^{\circ}C$ 에서 가장 높았고, 30/$25^{\circ}C$에서는 거의 발아(發芽)가 되지 않았다. 또한 지상부(地上部) 생체중(生體重)은 25/$20^{\circ}C$에서 가장 양호(良好)했다. Anthocyanin 생성(生成)은 15/$10^{\circ}C$의 온도(溫度)에서 가장 높았고, 30/$25^{\circ}C$의 고온(高溫)에서 억제(抑制) 되었다. 2. 각(各) 온도조건(溫度條件)에서 광처리구(光處理區) 간(間)의 지상부(地上部) 생체중(生體重)에는 큰차가 없었다. 또한 광(光)은 Anthocyanin 생성(生成)을 촉진(促進)하는 것으로 인정(認定)되었으며, 특히 광(光)의 그 촉진작용(促進作用)은 저온(低溫)에서 더욱 효과적(效果的)이었다. 3. 자외선처리(紫外線處理)에 따른 지상부생육(地上部生育)은 전반적(全般的)으로 큰차는 없었지만, 25/$20^{\circ}C$에서는 자외선(紫外線) 투과구(透過區)가 자외선(紫外線) 차단구(遮斷區)에 비해 양호(良好)한 경향(傾向)을 보였다. Anthocyanin생성(生成)은 자외선투과구(자외선투과구)가 자외선차단구(紫外線遮斷區) 보다 많았던 점으로 보아 Anthocyanin생성(生成)에 대한 자외선(紫外線)의 효과(效果)가 인정(認定)되었다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.338-340
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• 2002

In broom sorghum, Sorghum bicolor Moench, UV causes anthocyanin synthesis having action peaks in UVA and UVB regions. We previously reported that UV induces anthocyanin synthesis through UVB photoreceptor and phytochrome activated by UV. Furthermore, UVA and UVB amplify phytochrome-induced anthocyanin synthesis (PIAS). Our action- spectroscopic research indicated that a UV -receptor for amplification of PIAS is likely to be the same or same type of UVB photoreceptor for induction of anthocyanin synthesis. UVA-amplification of PIAS can be explained by the action of a cryptic red light signal (CRS), an amplification factor for PIAS produced by a distinct phytochrome-species activated by UVA. We suggest that UVA photoreceptors are not involved in anthocyanin synthesis in the broom sorghum.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2002

To elucidate the effect of sucrose on cell growth and anthocyanin production, 1, 3, 5, and 7% sucrose were applied to liquid MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.1 and 1 mg/L 2,4-D. Higher sucrose concentration decreased the cell growth regardless of the hormonal composition. Cain in fresh weight was gradual, showing the peak at day 12 in culture, and then decreased. Anthocyanin content increased with sucrose concentration in the medium, and practically there was no difference in anthocyanin content between the two media differing in 2,4-D content. Sucrose concentration for appropriate anthocyanin production was 7%, while 5% was more suitable for increase in total anthocyanin content. At higher sucrose levels, anthocyanin content was high due to the cessation of the cell growth. Medium pH decreased at the early stage and gradually increased thereafter.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2010

Anthocyanin and polyphenolic compounds present in fruits of mulberry (Morus alba L.) were determined and the influence of temperature and UV irradiation on stability of the anthocyanin-copigment complex were investigated. The copigmentation substance selected in non-anthocyanin fraction from mulberry for the study included: phenolic acid (hydroxybenzoic acid) and flavonoid (quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside). The copigmentation effect increased with the copigment content. UV irradiation had a stronger degradation effect on the copigmentation complex than heating at $80^{\circ}C$. The non-anthocyanin fraction of mulberry and isolated flavonoid (quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside) from mulberry fruit predominated over other copigment substances.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내에서 재배중인 '개량머루', '거봉', '홍이슬' 품종의 anthocyanin 조성을 UPLC-ESI-MS/MS를 이용하여 조사하였다. '개량머루'는 착색에 불량하게 작용하는 기상 조건에서도 착색이 우수한 흑포도 품종이고, '거봉'과 '홍이슬'은 교잡종 포도로 각각 검정색과 분홍색 과피를 갖고 있다. 과피에서 추출된 anthocyanin의 조성은 UPLC-ESI-MS/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 각 품종에서 검출된 anthocyanin은 '개량머루'와 '거봉'에서는 각각 25가지, '홍이슬'에서는 21가지였고, 각 품종에서 검출량이 많았던 anthocyanin은 8(개량머루), 15(거봉), 5(홍이슬)가지였다. 세 품종 모두 mono-glucoside가 di-glucoside보다 많았으며, '개량머루'와 '거봉'은 malvidin이 많았던 반면, '홍이슬'은 cyanidin이 가장 많았다. '개량머루'는 acylated anthocyanin(2.0%)은 거의 존재하지 않았고 '거봉'과 '홍이슬'에서는 p-coumaric acid의 acylation이 가장 많았다. Cyanidin feruloyl glucoside가 '홍이슬'에서만 검출되어 품종 지표로 활용이 가능하였다. 결론적으로 anthocyanin의 조성을 anthocyanidin, 결합된 당의 개수, acylation 및 특정 anthocyanin을 기준으로 분류하여 품종의 특징이 확인되었다. 이러한 품종별 anthocyanin 특성을 이용하여 '개량머루'가 Vitis amurensis 혹은 그 교잡종의 가능성과 '홍이슬'에서 품종 구별의 기준으로 활용 가능성이 확인되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.348-355
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• 1999

자색감자의 anthocyanin 색소의 안정성에 대한 pH, 당, 유기산, 금속이온, ascorbic acid 및 광의 영향을 조사하였다. 자색감자 색소는 pH가 낮을수록 anthocyanin 색소의 안정성이 증가하였으며 pH가 높아질수록 색소 용액의 최대흡수파장이 장파장 쪽으로 이동하는 bathochromic shift현상이 관찰되었다. 당류 첨가는 오히려 무첨가구에 비해서 저장 안정성을 저하시켰는데 maltose, sucrose, galactose, fructose, glucose 순으로 안정성이 저하되었다. 유기산은 anthocyanin 색소의 안정화에 크게 기여하였으며 그 순서로는 malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid 순으로 나타났고 malonic acid는 오히려 안정성을 떨어뜨렸다. 금속이온은 $Cu^{2+}$을 제외하고는 anthocyanin 색소의 안정화에 기여하였으며 특히 $Cd^{2+},\;Al^{3+}$이 효과적이었다. Ascorbic acid는 anthocyanin 색소의 파괴를 초래하여 안정성을 저하시켰으나 thiourea를 첨가하므로 색소파괴의 정도를 낮출 수 있었다. 일광에 의해 anthocyanin 색소의 파괴가 촉진된 반면 광을 차단할 경우 색소를 안정화시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.33-33
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the role of the transcription factors (TFs) (RsMYB1 and mPAP1+B-Peru) in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the ornamental torenia cv. Kauai rose. In this study, we could produce several putative transgenic lines overexpressing the TFs via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and presence of the TFs in the randomly selected five transgenic lines was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). According to results of reverse transcription-PCR analysis (RT-PCR), the expression of the TFs in all transgenic lines and of the anthocyanin structural genes (CHS, F3H, DFR, and ANS) in all transgenic lines and WT plants were distinctly detectable. However, transcript levels of the structural genes expressed in the transgenic lines overexpressing TFs were significantly higher than those expressed in WT plants. Therefore, it is suggested that anthocyanin content in flowers of the transgenic torenia would be significantly higher than that in flowers of WT plants. Moreover, these results indicate that the TFs (RsMYB1 and mPAP1+B-Peru) could be exploited as potential anthocyanin regulatory TFs to enhance anthocyanin content in the other horticultural plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.292-2999
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• 2022

Anthocyanin, an important component in the grape berry skin, strongly affects grape quality. The transcription factors VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 (VvMYBA1/2) control anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, cultivation and environmental factors, such as light, influence anthocyanin accumulation. The present study aimed to clarify the effect of shading (reduced light condition) on the transcriptomic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis using a red-wine grape cultivar, Vitis vinifera 'Pinot Noir', and its white mutant, 'Pinot Blanc', caused by the deletion of the red allele of VvMYBA1/2. The grape berry skins were analyzed for anthocyanin content and global gene transcription accumulation. The microarray data were later validated by quantitative real-time PCR. A decisive influence of VvMYBA1/2 on the expression of an anthocyanin-specific gene, UDP glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, was observed as expected. In contrast, upstream genes of the pathway, which are shared by other flavonoids, were also expressed in 'Pinot Blanc', and the mRNA levels of some of these genes decreased in both cultivars on shading. Thus, the involvement of light-sensitive transcription factor(s) other than VvMYBA1/2 was suggested for the expression control of the upstream genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, it was suggested that the effects of these factors are different among isogenes.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2008

Over the past few years, anthocyanin has been demonstrated to exert potentially anti-oxidative and bioavailability effects including anti-cardiovascular disease and cancer-preventive effects in humans. This study was conducted to assess the toxicity of anthocyanin extracts from black soybean seed coats via oral administration in a mice feeding test. The final anthocyanin-containing products induced signs of toxicity on mortality in the 4-week feeding test. The incidence of clinical signs and changes in body and organ weight were also not observed in all anthocyanin-treated groups as compared with the control groups. In hematology analysis, RBC indices concluding MCV, MCH, and MCHC and WBC differential counting such a NEU, LYM, MONO, EOS, and BASO evidenced no significant differences between the anthocyanin treatment and control groups. The biochemical parameters in serum analysis - ALT, AST, BUN, Crea etc.- were also not significantly altered in those groups. Absolute and relative organ weights were not increased after 4 weeks of treatment with anthocyanin extracts in mice. In conclusion, anthocyanin extracts from the black soybean has biological activity without any toxic effects, which also suggests that the consumption of soy containing anthocyanin products may be a good source for health and medical supplies.