• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.250-255
• /
• 2018

Pine wilt disease, caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the most devastating conifer diseases decimating several species of pine trees on a global scale. Here, we report the draft genome of Raoultella ornithinolytica MG, which is isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng plant as an bacterial endophyte and shows nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus. Our analysis of R. ornithinolytica MG genome showed that it possesses many genes encoding potential nematicidal factors in addition to some secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that may contribute to the observed nematicidal activity of the strain. Furthermore, the genome was lacking key components of avermectin gene cluster, suggesting that nematicidal activity of the bacterium is not likely due to the famous anthelmintic agent of wide-spread use, avermectin. This genomic information of R. ornithinolytica will provide basis for identification and engineering of genes and their products toward control of pine wilt disease.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2002

In vitro bioassays of aqueous extracts of 25 herbal species were performed by ovicidal activity against Strongvloides venuelensis. 500 mg of feces from Mongorian gerbil infected with S. venuelensis were placed into polyvinyl culture with extracts of herb and anthelmintic drugs in triplicates. Larval activity inside the polyvinyl bag was recorded microscopically at 12 hours, and every 24 hours thereafter for up to 72 hrs incubation. Eggs were not hatched within 72 hrs and degeneration was evident in the presence of extracts. The ovicidal activity characterized by the absence of L$_3$ in fecal cultures inside the polyvinyl bag. 1. Among 25 herbs, 12 herbs had ovicidal effects and caused degeneration of larvae in egg. S. angustifolia, I. helenium, A. korenum, P. tenuifolia, F. virridissima, A. asiatica, S. chinensis, A. tataricus, S. baicalensis, M. rimosa, S. glabra and Z. piperitum were the most ovicidal effect. However, P. thunbergiana, T. chinensis, C. flos, G. uralensis, C. obutusifolia, C. fortunei, A. koreana, P. grandiflorum, P. tenuifolia (Radix), P. mume and A. asphodelodes showed no ovicidal effects in vinyl bag culture. 2. Of 25 hrebs, 4 herbs had ovicidal and wormicidal effects, P. thunbergiana, C. flos, B. Striata and T. chinensis were characterized by degeneration of larvae.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.638-643
• /
• 2011

The synthesis of biologically active 1H-1,4-diazepines 4a-d and 3H-1,5-benzodiazepines 5a-d in good yields, from the heterocyclization reaction of 2-(4-methylthio benzenesulfonyl)-1,3-dimethyl/1-methyl-3-phenyl/1,3-diphenyl/1-methyl-3-ethoxy propane-1,3-dione 3a-d with ethylenediamine (EDA) and o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA), respectively, in the presence of silica sulfuric acid (SSA) is described. The novel ${\beta}$-diketones/${\beta}$-ketoesters 3a-d were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4-methylthiobenzenesulfonyl chloride 1 with various ${\beta}$-diketones/${\beta}$-ketoesters 2a-d. All structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The compounds 4a-d and 5a-d have been screened for antimicrobial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.282-289
• /
• 2003

Animal feed additives are used worldwide for many different reasons. Some help to cover the needs of essential nutrients and others to increase growth performance, feed intake and therefore optimize feed utilization. The health status of animals with a high growth performance is a predominant argument in the choice of feed additives. The use of feed additives is more and more questioned by the consumers. Therefore, the feed industry is highly interested in valuable alternatives which could be accepted by the consumers. Probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and highly available minerals as well as herbs can be seen as alternatives. Herbs, spices and their extracts (botanicals) have a wide range of activities. They can stimulate feed intake and endogenous secretions or have antimicrobial, coccidiostatic or anthelmintic activity. A major field of application of herbs is the protection of animals and their products against oxidation.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.181-199
• /
• 2019

Angelica decursiva Fr. et Sav. (Umbelliferae) has traditionally been used to treat different diseases due to its antitussive, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. It is also a remedy for thick phlegm, asthma, and upper respiratory infections. Recently, the leaf of A. decursiva has been consumed as salad without showing any toxicity. This plant is a rich in different types of coumarin derivatives, including dihydroxanthyletin, psoralen, dihydropsoralen, hydroxycoumarin, and dihydropyran. Its crude extracts and pure constituents possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer disease, anti-hypertension, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anthelmintic, preventing cerebral stroke, and neuroprotective activities. This valuable herb needs to be further studied and developed not only to treat these human diseases, but also to improve human health. This review provides an overview of current knowledge of A. decursiva metabolites and their biological activities to prioritize future studies.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.22.1-22.7
• /
• 2021

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a commonly used anthelmintics in veterinary medicine that has recently been found to have anticancer effects in humans. On the other hand, few studies have examined the anti-inflammatory effects of FBZ, and its mechanism is unknown. In this study, mouse bone marrow cells (BMs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a representative inflammation-inducing substance, to generate a situation similar to osteomyelitis in vitro. The effect of FBZ on inflammatory BMs was examined by measuring the metabolic activity, surface marker expression, cell nuclear morphology, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of BMs. FBZ decreased the metabolic activity and MMP of LPS-treated BMs. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and Hoechst 33342 staining showed that FBZ reduced the number of viable cells and induced the cell death of inflammatory BMs. In addition, FBZ reduced the proportion of granulocytes more than B lymphocytes in LPS-treated BMs. Overall, FBZ induces cell death by destabilizing the MMP of LPS-induced inflammatory BMs. In addition to anthelmintic and anticancer agent, FBZ can play a role as an anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 2016

Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of whole plant of Boerhavia diffusa were screened for phytochemical and biological activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening via colorimetric method and the quantitative estimation of phenolic and flavonoid content were performed. Antioxidant assay using DPPH scavenging method was studied. Antimicrobial screening of plant extracts was done by cup diffusion technique. Cytotoxic activity of B. diffusa was studied by brine shrimp bioassay and anthelminthic activity was evaluated in vitro in Pheretima posthuma. This study revealed B. diffusa as a source of various phyto-constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids. Quantitative estimation of total phenol was found to be maximum in BEE i.e. $29.73{\pm}0.88$, BME $19.8{\pm}2.02$ and in BHE $9.15{\pm}0.304mgGAE/g$. Similarly, the total flavonoid content was found to be $17.44{\pm}0.75$ in BEE, $14.43{\pm}0.23$ in BHE and 3.678 mg QE/g in BME. Ethyl acetate extract showed its antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens except Escherichia coli whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi were resistant to methanol and hexane extract. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of ethyl acetate extract against S. Typhi and B. cereus was found to be 18 mm and 14 mm respectively. The MIC value of BEE in S. Typhi was $3.125{\mu}g/ml$ and in B. cereus was $12.5{\mu}g/ml$. The preliminary screening of anticancer property of B. diffusa i.e. BSLT in methanol was found to be $165.19{\mu}g/ml$. B. diffusa was also found to contain anthelmintic property. The study helped in further exploration of medicinal properties of B. diffusa by phytochemical screening and biological activities paving the path for study and investigation in this plant.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.260-265
• /
• 2008

Annona reticulata belonging to the family Annonaceae is traditionally used as anthelmintic and it is reported to have anticancer activity. Free radicals are known to be involved in various types of diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders etc. The present study was aimed to evaluate free radical scavenging property of methanol extract of the leaves of Annona reticulata in some in vitro models e.g. DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide and lipid peroxide radical model. The extract showed good dose-dependent free radical scavenging property in all the models. $IC_{50}$ values were found to be 3.22, 170.01, 25.12 and $140.12\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively in DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested based on potassium ferricyanide reduction where dose dependant reducing capability was observed. Measurement of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent indicated that 1mg of the extract contained $146.20\;{\mu}g$ equivalent of pyrocatechol. The findings ascertain promising free radical scavenging property of the extract and the antioxidant property of the extract may be due to the high content of phenolic compounds.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.377-387
• /
• 2022

Benzimidazole anthelmintic agents have been recently repurposed to overcome cancers resistant to conventional therapies. To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of benzimidazole on resistant cells, various cell death pathways were investigated in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colorectal cancer cells. The viability of wild-type and 5-fluorouracil-resistant SNU-C5 colorectal cancer cells was assayed, followed by Western blotting. Flow cytometry assays for cell death and cell cycle was also performed to analyze the anti-cancer effects of benzimidazole. When compared with albendazole, fenbendazole showed higher susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil-resistant SNU-C5 cells and was used in subsequent experiments. Flow cytometry revealed that fenbendazole significantly induces apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase on both cells. When compared with wild-type SNU-C5 cells, 5-fluorouracil-resistant SNU-C5 cells showed reduced autophagy, increased ferroptosis and ferroptosis-augmented apoptosis, and less activation of caspase-8 and p53. These results suggest that fenbendazole may be a potential alternative treatment in 5-fluorouracil-resistant cancer cells, and the anticancer activity of fenbendazole does not require p53 in 5-fluorouracil-resistant SNU-C5 cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.63 no.1
• /
• pp.2.1-2.7
• /
• 2023

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a benzimidazole anthelmintic widely used to treat parasitic infections. The anticancer effect of FBZ has been recently highlighted leading to its consideration as a potential anticancer agent. Although previous studies have demonstrated the effect of FBZ on cancer cells, there is a paucity of studies on the effect of FBZ on lymphoma cells and normal immune cells. Herein, we investigated the effects of FBZ on a mouse lymphoma cell line, EL-4 cells, and spleen cells, using vincristine as a positive control. The cellular metabolic activity of EL-4 cells was decreased by FBZ, but that of the spleen cells was not decreased. Moreover, FBZ reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced reactive oxygen species production in EL-4 cells, but not in spleen cells. FBZ induced G2/M phase arrest and increased the sub G0/G1 phase ratio, indicating apoptosis. Furthermore, compared to the control cells, the reactivity of spleen cells pretreated with FBZ to lipopolysaccharide was maintained. In summary, FBZ is cytotoxic to EL-4 cells, but not to spleen cells. This study provides experimental evidence that FBZ exerts an anticancer effect, and less cytotoxic effects and functional damage to normal spleen cells.