• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.717-728
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• 1996

The effects of electro-acupuncture on the pain threshold and the amplitude of dEMG(di-gastric EMG) evoked by the noxious electric stimulation on teeth and gingiva in dogs were studied. Experiments were carried out with 10 dogs weighing 5-8kg. Each animal was anestheticed with Entobar given intraperitoneally in an initial dose of 30mg/kg. Maintenance dose of 5mg/kg/hr was given through a cannula, in the femoral vein, as required to keep up light anesthesia. Bipolar stimulating wire electrodes, 0.1mm in diameter, insulated except for tips, were inserted into the upper canine and palatal gingiva. Rectangular aluminium plate electrodes (15$\times$5mm) were placed on acupuncture points, called Yin-Hsiang, located at both sides of the upper jaw. Rectangular biphasic current pulses of 2Hz, with a $250{\mu}sec$ duration, were delivered for 15 minutes. The dEMG activities were recorded from the anterior belly of the digastric muscle(one of the jaw opening muscles) using bipolar wire electrodes. The magnitude of the jaw opening reflex at different intensties of electro-acupuncture(1volt 4volt and 10volt) was estimated by averaging the 30 superimposed dEMGs recorded on an oscilloscope and audiomonitor. Data were analysed statistically with ANOV A and paired t-test. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Pain thresholds were increased 7.7 %, 15.4 %, 17.3 % in the teeth and 11.1 %, 19.0 %, 25.4 % in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 2. Amplitudes of dEMG were decreaed 8.3%, 22.4%, 27.4% in the teeth and 9.8%, 36.5%, 42.2 % in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 3. Inhibition of pain responses by the electroacupuncture was more effective in the gingiva than in the teeth.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.431-437
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to compute the ground reaction forces during gait in the absence of force plates. The difficulties in using force plates for hemiparetic patients inspired us to initiate this study. Level-walking experiments were performed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system with synchronized force plates. Kinematic data were obtained from the three-dimensional trajectories of reflective markers. Gait events were also detected from the kinematic data. The human body was modeled as 13 rigid segments. The mass and the center of mass of each segment were determined from anthropometric data. Vertical ground-reaction forces obtained from the kinematic data were in good agreement with those obtained using the force plate. The computed and measured values of anterior and lateral ground reaction showed similar tendencies. The computation results can be used as the basic data for inverse dynamic analysis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2008

Purpose: Mandibulotomy approach and mandible sparing approach are most common methods for oropharyngeal cancer surgery. Good surgical view and convenience of flap inset are advantages of mandibulotomy approach but deformity of mandible contour, postoperative malocclusion and radionecrosis are its limitations. To make up for the limitations, mandible sparing method is commonly performed, but limited surgical view and difficulties of flap inset are the weak points of this approach. The purpose of the study is to compare mandibulotomy and mandible sparing approaches in postoperative complications and progression of the treatment in oropharyngeal cancer operation and reconstruction. Methods: Single reconstructive microsurgeon operated for oropharyngeal cancer patients with different surgeons of head and neck department who prefer mandibulotomy and mandible sparing approach respectively, and we compared the frequency of postoperative complication, operation time, duration of hospitalization and recurrence rate between two different surgical approaches. Results: Mandibulotomy approach was used in 18 patients and mandible sparing approach was used in 15 patients. In mandibulotomy approach, there happened one case of teeth injury and one case of necrosis of skin and gingiva, but there happened no malocclusion and radionecrosis. In mandible sparing approach, there were 3 cases of fistula and 2 cases of infection which are significantly higher than mandibulotomy approach. There were no significant differences between early regional recurrence and duration of hospitalization. Conclusion: In this study we compared two different methods for the surgical approach in oropharyngeal cancer surgery. As mandible sparing approach has difficulties of limited surgical view, it can be used for the limited indications of anterior tongue and mouth floor cancer. Mandibulotomy approach has advantages of good surgical view and convenience of flap inset. In this method preservation of gingival tissue, watertight fashion suture, delicate osteotomy and plate fixation to maintain occlusion are the key points for the successful results.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to measure the standing balance symmetry of stroke patients using a force-plate with computer system, and to investigate the correlation between the standing balance symmetry and that of the walking function in stroke patients. Methods: 48 patients with stroke (34 men, 14 women, $56.8{\pm}11.72$ years old) participated in this study. Static standing balance was evaluated by the weight distribution on the affected and the nonaffected lower limbs, sway path, sway velocity, and sway frequency, which reflected the characteristic of body sway in quiet standing. Dynamic standing balance was evaluated by anteroposterior and mediolateral sway angle, which revealed the limit of stability during voluntary weight displacement. Symmetry index of static standing balance, (SI-SSB) calculated by the ratio of the affected weight distribution for the nonaffected weight distribution, and symmetric index of dynamic standing balance (SI-SDB) by the ratio of the affected sway angle for the nonaffected sway angle. Functional balance assessed by a Berg balance scale (BBS), and the functional walking by 10m walking velocity, as well as the modified motor assessment scale (mMAS). Results: Static balance scales and SI-SSB was the only correlation with BBS (p<0.05). Dynamic balance scales and SI-DSB, not only was correlated with BBS, but also with 10m walking velocity and mMAS (p<0.01). Additionally, there was a significant difference between SI-SSB and that of SI-DSB (p<0.01). Conclusion: The balance and the walking function relate to real life in the stroke showed strong relationships with the dynamic standing balance symmetry in the frontal plane and the ability of anterior voluntary weight displacement in sagittal plane.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between ground reaction force (GRF) and attack time according to the position of hand segments during counter attack in Kendo. Method: The participants consisted of 10 kendo athletes (mean age: $21.50{\pm}1.95yr$, mean height: $175.58{\pm}5.02cm$, mean body weight: $70.96{\pm}9.47kg$) who performed standard head strikes (A) and counter attack with a preferred hand position of +10 cm (B), 0 cm (C), and -10 cm (D). One force-plate (AMTI-OR-7., USA) was used to collect GRF data at a sample rate of 1,000 Hz. The variables analyzed were the attack time, medial-lateral GRF, anterior-posterior GRF (AP GRF), peak vertical force (PVF), and loading rate. Results: The total attack time was shorter in types A and C than in types C and D. The AP GRF, PVF, and loading rate had significantly higher forces in types C and D than in types A and C. The attack time (bilateral and unilateral leg support and total) was positively correlated with the GRF variables (vertical GRF and loading rate) during the counter attack in Kendo (r = 0.779 [$R^2=0.607$], p < 0.001). Conclusion: The positions of the hand segments can be changed by various conditions of the opponent in Kendo competitions; however, the position preferred by an individual can promote the successful ratio of the counter attack.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.341-355
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• 1999

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of oral cancer and odontogenic myxoma is relatively uncommon benign tumor of mesenchymal origin. There are, to our knowledge, no prior reports of simultaneously occurring squamous cell carcinoma and odontogenic myxoma of the jaw bones. In this case, at first, the plain films and computed tomograms revealed a large expansile multilocular radiolucent lesion on left mandible and marked expansion of cortical plate. In addition this radiograms revealed also infiltrative bony destruction of anterior and medial border of ascending ramus of left mandible and alveolar bone of left maxilla, floating teeth on left lower molar area and metastatic enlargement of left submandibular, jugular digastric and spinal accessory lymphnodes. Magnetic resonance imaging of this patient revealed infiltrative growth of tumor on alveolar bone of left maxilla, left retromolar fat pad. left masseter and left medial pterygoid muscle. Intraoral presurgical biopsy presented typical features of squamous cell carcinoma. After chemotherapy with radiation therapy during 6 months. this central lesion was diagnosed as odontogenic myxoma by the postsurgical biopsy. After 3 months, this patient presented multiple metastatic signs at lumbar spines, rib and liver. Consequently, our case is simultaneous occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and odontogenic myxoma.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

Patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) generally demonstrate the asymmetries in the lip, nose and the naso-maxillary complex. And their skeletal asymmetries are known to be derived from the displacement of nasal septum, anterior nasal spine (ANS) and the pre-maxilla toward the non-affected side during the developmental and growth period. Due to the interruption of the important facial muscles, which are critical for the symmetric growth of premaxilla, functional matrix system fails to develop and results in the displacement of the ANS toward the non-affected side and nasal asymmetry. Therefore the rhinoplasty for CLP patients is required to have inter-skeletal and muscular rearrangement in the naso-maxillary complex in order to let them recover from esthetic and physiologic imbalances. And functional cheilorhinoplasty (FCR) has been a representative treatment of choice for this concept of treatment modality. The outcome and prognosis of primary or repair FCR have been known to be definitely affected by timing of the operation as well as adequate reconstruction of naso-labial muscles. However, sometimes FCR has an ineffective treatment results for patients after the facial growth period, and the limited rhinoplasty around the nose often fails to bring satisfying results. In order to circumvent this limitation, we performed ANS osteotomy for patients with unilateral CLP showing asymmetric nose, as an alternative way for corrective rhinoplasty. We could observe that the nose was rearranged along the facial mid-line by this osteotomy design and asymmetries were evidently improved postoperatively. Here we present this osteotomy method in CLP patients.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2012

Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital facial malformation and has a significant developmental, physical, and psychological impact on those with the deformity and their families. When treating the patients with unilateral cleft lip, many surgeons adopt the rotation advancement flap method originally developed by Millard, or the triangular flap technique developed by Tennison, Randall or the modifications of these techniques. Among these, Millard's rotation advancement flap method has its advantage in designing the flap using the patient's anatomic landmarks. For performing this rotation advancement technique, skillful operation is needed to obtain esthetically satisfactory results. Vomer flap sometimes is used to repair anterior hard palate in complete cleft lip and palate patients. Vomerine tissue is readily available in the vicinity of the palatal defect and elevation of the vomerine flap is relatively simple procedure. In this article, we will introduce the comprehensive vomer flap technique conjunction with primary lip closure and review the comparative studies of the outcome of simultaneous repair of cleft lip and cleft hard palate with Millard's rotation advancement method and vomer flap.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

본 연구는 강직성 편측 뇌성마비 환자의 보행 기시(gait initiation)의 특성을 파악하고, 동적 단하지 보조기(dynamic ankle foot orthosis : DAFO)가 이런 환자들의 보행 기시에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 19세 선천성 강직성 우측 뇌성마비를 가진 여자 대학생이었다. 연구대상자는 4개의 다른 보행 기시 조건에서 각 조건당 7회의 보행 기시를 하였는데, 각각의 보행 기시 조건은: 1) 보조기 없이 좌측 하지로 보행 기시; 2) 우측 하지 보조기 착용 상태에서 좌측하지로 보행 기시; 3) 보조기 없이 우측 하지로 보행 기시; 4) 우측 하지 보조기 착용 상태에서 우측 하지로 보행 기시였다. 두개의 힘 판(force plate) 위에서 본인이 선택한 가장 편안한 방법과 속도로 2 m를 걷도록 하였다. 연구대상자가 보행 기시를 하는 동안 양쪽 가자미근과 앞정강근에 부착된 4개의 표면 전극으로부터 근 전도 신호와 보행 기시를 하는 연구 대상의 양 발 아래 놓인 두개의 힘 판의 자료를 분석하여 체중(body weight : BW)으로 정량화 하였다. 실험결과는 각 조건마다 7회 실시된 측정값들의 평균을 이용하였다. 본 사전연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 보행 기시 전 양다리로 선 상태에서 환측보다 건측으로 많은 체중지지를 하였으나(환측 42.57%BW, 건측 58.03%BW) 보조기의 착용이 환측으로의 체중지지를 향상시켰다(환측 44.46%BW, 건측 55.54%BW). 2. 보행 기시 중 가자미근과 앞정강근의 동시수축(coactivation)이 계속되었는데 이러한 양상은 보조기의 착용 유무에 따라 크게 달라지지 않았다. 3. 힘 판에서 들어온 지면 반발력(ground reaction force)의 수직 분력(vertical element, Fz)과 전후 분력(anterior-posterior element, Fx)을 분석한 결과, 건측 다리로 보행 기시를 할 때 보조기 착용은 가속을 촉진시켜 역학적으로 유리하였다. 이상의 연구 결과는 보조기의 착용이 건측 다리로 보행 기시를 할 때 미치는 신경학적, 역학적 장점들에 대한 구체적 연구의 필요성 및 근거를 제시하고, 환자들의 보행훈련 접근에 보다 효율적인 보행방법을 소개하는데 이용될 수 있다.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

Purpose: In accordance to an increased interest in facial appearance and the popularization of computed tomography scanning, the number of diagnosis and treatment of blowout fractures has been increased. The purpose of this article is to review pure blowout fracture surgery through transconjunctival incision focusing on complications and their management. Methods: In this retrospective study, 583 patients, who had been treated for pure blowout fracture through transconjunctival incision from 2000 to 2009, were evaluated. Their hospital records were reviewed according to their sex, age, fracture site, preoperative presentations, time interval between trauma and surgery, and postoperative complications. Results: According to postoperative follow-up results, there were early complications that included wound dehiscence and infection (0.2%), hematoma (insomuch as extraocular movement is limited) (0.7%), lacriminal duct injury (0.5%), and periorbital nerve injury (0.7%). In addition, there were late complications that lasted more than 6 months, that included persistent diplopia (1.7%), extraocular movement limitation (0.9%), enophthalmos (1.0%), periorbital sensation abnormalities (1.0%), and entropion (0.5%). Conclusion: We propose the following guidelines for prevention of postoperative complications: layer by layer closure; bleeding control with the epinephrine gauzes, Tachocomb, and Tisseel; conjunctival incision 2 to 3 mm away from punctum; avoidance of excessive traction; performing surgical decompression and high dose corticosteroid therapy upon confirmation of nerve injury; atraumatic dissection and insertion of Medpor Barrier implant after securing a clear view of posterior ledge; using Medpor block stacking technique and BioSorb FX screw fixation; performing a complete resection of the anterior ethmoidal nerve during medial wall dissection; and making an incision 2 to 3 mm below the tarsal plate.