Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Relationship between Ground Reaction Force and Attack Time According to the Position of Hand Segments during Counter Attack in Kendo

  • Received : 2017.01.03
  • Accepted : 2017.03.11
  • Published : 2017.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between ground reaction force (GRF) and attack time according to the position of hand segments during counter attack in Kendo. Method: The participants consisted of 10 kendo athletes (mean age: $21.50{\pm}1.95yr$, mean height: $175.58{\pm}5.02cm$, mean body weight: $70.96{\pm}9.47kg$) who performed standard head strikes (A) and counter attack with a preferred hand position of +10 cm (B), 0 cm (C), and -10 cm (D). One force-plate (AMTI-OR-7., USA) was used to collect GRF data at a sample rate of 1,000 Hz. The variables analyzed were the attack time, medial-lateral GRF, anterior-posterior GRF (AP GRF), peak vertical force (PVF), and loading rate. Results: The total attack time was shorter in types A and C than in types C and D. The AP GRF, PVF, and loading rate had significantly higher forces in types C and D than in types A and C. The attack time (bilateral and unilateral leg support and total) was positively correlated with the GRF variables (vertical GRF and loading rate) during the counter attack in Kendo (r = 0.779 [$R^2=0.607$], p < 0.001). Conclusion: The positions of the hand segments can be changed by various conditions of the opponent in Kendo competitions; however, the position preferred by an individual can promote the successful ratio of the counter attack.

Keywords

References

  1. Benda, B. J., Riley, P. O. & Krebs, D. E. (1994). Biomechanical relationship between center of gravity and center of pressure during standing. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, 2(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/86.296348
  2. Broderick, J., Chart, E. & Ko, M. (2004). Kendo(martial arts). London (UK). New Holland Publishers Ltd.
  3. Delignieres, D., Brisswalter, J. & Legros, P. (1994). Influence of physical exercise on choice reaction time in sports experts: the mediating role of resource allocation. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 27(4), 173-188.
  4. Gregson, W., Drust, B., Atkinson, G. & Salvo, V. D. (2010). Match-to-match variability of high-speed activities in premier league soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(04), 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1247546
  5. Guizani, S. M., Bouzaouach, I., Tenenbaum, G. & Kheder, A. B. (2006). Simple and choice reaction times under varying levels of physical load in high skilled fencers. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46(2), 344.
  6. James, N., Mellalieu, S. & Jones, N. (2005). The development of position-specific performance indicators in professional rugby union. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410410001730106
  7. Kishi, S. & Morikita, I. (2009). Range of motion of hip joints of male university kendo practitioners with lower back pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 21(3), 253-256. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.21.253
  8. Kishi, S., Morikita, I., Takasaki, K., Yamaguchi, T. & Suzuki, T. (2009). Factors responsible for lower back pain in kendo practitioners. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 21(2), 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.21.147
  9. Kodek, T. & Munih, M. (2003). An analysis of static and dynamic joint torques in elbow flexion-extension movements. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 11(3), 297-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-190X(03)00063-7
  10. Koshida, S. & Matsuda, T. (2013). Ankle and knee joint coordination in sagittal plane during kendo strike-thrust motion in healthy kendo athletes. Archives of Budo, 1(9), 109-116.
  11. Lee, J. H. & Lee, Y. S. (2008). A study on the stress and strain analysis of human muscle model in Kendo three typical attack motions. Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering, 25(9), 126-134.
  12. Lee, J. H., Lee, Y. S. & Lee, S. H. (2007). Development on human muscle skeletal model and stress analysis of Kumdo head hitting motion. Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering, 24(11), 116-125.
  13. Lim, K. C. (2000). A kinematic comparison of head-thrust attack with wrist-thrust attack in Gumdo. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 12(5), 63-74.
  14. McGarry, T. & Franks, I. M. (1994). A stochastic approach to predicting competition squash match-play. Journal of Sports Sciences, 12(6), 573-584. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419408732208
  15. Medved, V. (2000). Measurement of human lovomotion. Boca Raton London New York Washington, D. D. CRC Press.
  16. Min, C. G., Bae, S. J. & Lee, K. C. (2001). Analysis of factors influencing attack of head in Kumdo Bouts. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 11(1), 1-11.
  17. Montelpare, W., McPherson, M. & Puumala, R. (2013). Statistical analysis of athlete variability applied to biomechanical analysis of ski jumping. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 8(2), 373-384. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.8.2.373
  18. Neto, O. P., Magini, M. & Saba, M. M. (2007). The role of effective mass and hand speed in the performance of kung fu athletes compared with nonpractitioners. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 23(2), 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.23.2.139
  19. O'Donoghue, P. (2005). Normative profiles of sports performance. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 5(1), 104-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2005.11868319
  20. Ogle, J. & O'Donoghue, P. (2015). Optimal time of the attacking action in Kendo. European Journal of Human Movements, 34, 109-122.
  21. Park, J. R. (2005). The analysis of electromyography and kinematic of Kumdo player's head hitting. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 15(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2005.15.1.063
  22. Schultzel, M., Schultzel, M., Wentz, B. & Bernhardt, M. (2016). The prevalence of injury in Kendo. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 44(1), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2016.1105093
  23. Yoo, K. S. (2014). A principle of maximum speed, force and power with a kinetic link model of human body in Kumdo. The Kumdo Society of Korea, 25(1), 1-11.