Purpose : To evaluate the results and usefulness of meniscal repair using meniscal arrows with ACL reconstruction. Material and Methods : Among cases of the simultaneous meniscal arrow fixation and ACL recontruction performed between May, 1997 and September, 2000, 17 cases could be evaluated. The average follow-up were 18.5 months. Twelve cases were medial meniscus, 5 cases, lateral meniscus. All cases were longitudinal tear. Meniscal tear were seen at red-red zone in 13 cases, red-white zone in 5 cases. The results were analyzed by pain, joint line tenderness, locking, McMurray test, the Marshall knee scoring scale and complications. Results : Postoperatively two patients had mild joint line tenderness without pain on joint motion or weight bearing. No patient had locking or positive McMurray test. At last follow-up, 15 cases $(88\%)$ were 'excellent' or 'good' according to the Marshall knee score scale. There were two complications which are soft tissue irritation sign on active knee motion and a femoral chondral injury due to protruded T-shaped head of meniscus arrow. Conclusion : Meniscus arrow can be one of the options in repairing the associated meniscus tear, especially the posterior horn of medial meniscus, during ACL reconstruction. However, surgeons using meniscus arrow should be aware of its potential complications such as pain due to soft tissue irritation and chondral damage of the femoral condyle.
Kim, Hyoung-Soo;Park, Seung-Rim;Kang, Joon-Soon;Lee, Woo-Hyeong;Kim, Ki-Wook
Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
/
v.5
no.1
/
pp.1-6
/
2001
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative success and stability of arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstructions using central one third bone-patellar-tendon bone(BPB) autograft versus quadrupled semitendinos-us(ST) autograft as the medium term review. Materials and Methods : Eighty patients(40 BPBs,40 STs) with isolated ACL injury were available for a mean follow up of 49.4 months(BPB) and 48.8 months(ST). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age and sex. We compare the final results between two groups with respect to subjective Lysholm score, objective laxity including anterior drawer test, Lachman test, pivot shift test, KT-2000 measurements and International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC) evaluation system. Results : Postoperatively, positive anterior drawer test was found in $22.5\%\;and\;27.5\%$, positive Lachman test was found in $30.0\%$ and $25.0\%$ and positive pivot shift test was found in $15\%\;and\;20\%$ of the ST and BPB group, respectively(p>0.05). Mean side to side difference of KT-2000 at 20 lbs was 2.2 mm for the ST group and 2.1 mm for the BPB group. There was no significant difference between the two groups about Lysholm score(>0.05). Anterior knee pain was knee common in the BPB group. Eighty-three percent of the patients were nearly normal according to the IKDC grade in both groups. Conclusion : We consider that autogenous semitendinosus tendon is a good alternative subsititute in ACL reconstruction together with the bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft.
Purpose: To evaluate the long term outcomes of the ACL reconstruction from the standpoint of osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 31 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction from April 1986 to April 1999 and could be followed-up more than 7 years. Mean follow-up period was 10.1 years (7~22 years). In terms of the graft, 11 cases were treated with the ACL reconstruction using a autologous hamstring tendon graft, 20 cases were treated with using a autologous bone patellar tendon bone graft. For femoral tunnel, 11 cases were placed through transtibial tunnel, 20 cases were placed through anteromedial portal using mini-open arthrotomy. Functional and radiographic evaluation was performed. Results: Mean Lysholm score was $89.2{\pm}11.7$ points. Patients had KT-2000 side-to-side differences were $2.1{\pm}1.9\;mm$. IKDC ligament evaluation showed 38.7% type A, 48.3% type B, 6.5% type C and 6.5% type D. Femoral tunnel were placed at 11 or 1 o'clock position in transtibial technique and placed 10 to 10:30 or 2 to 2:30 o'clock position in technique using anteromedial portal. Radiographic analysis for degenerative arthritis revealed that in group using anteromedial tunnel, 50.0% were excellent, 25.0% were good. In group using transtibial tunnel 18.2% were excellent, 18.2% were good. Conclusion: More than 87.1% of cases, long term result of the ACL reconstruction showed good and excellent result in IKDC score. Especially, the group using tunnel through anteromedial portal showed good results for degenerative arthritis.
Seo, Jai-Gon;Moon, Young-Wan;Yoo, Jae-Chul;Chang, Moon-Jong;Kim, Seung-Yeon;Kim, Mu-Hyun
Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
/
v.12
no.3
/
pp.191-197
/
2008
Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed with a tension load technique using auto-Achilles tendon, and to compare the results with knees with a native ACL. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 21 postoperative MRI scan of 21 patients (group A) who had undergone ACL reconstruction between January 1995 and November 1996. The control group (group B) consisted of 50 patients whose meniscus tear had been operated by arthroscopy and whose ACL was intact. We measured the orientation of the graft in the sagittal and coronal planes and compared it with that of the native ACL. Results: The mean sagittal angle of the ACL angle in group A ($55.7{\pm}5.6^{\circ}$, range $47.2{\sim}68.8^{\circ}$) was statistically lesser than group B ($58.7{\pm}3.8^{\circ}$, range $50.4{\sim}67.5^{\circ}$) (p=0.036). But there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to the mean ACL-Blumensaat line angle (group A: $8.1^{\circ}{\pm}4.9^{\circ}$, range $1.7^{\circ}{\sim}22.0^{\circ}$, group B: $8.6^{\circ}{\pm}3.6^{\circ}$, range $2.6^{\circ}-18.1^{\circ}$) and the mean coronal angle of the ACL (group A: $64.9^{\circ}{\pm}9.1^{\circ}$, range $46.9^{\circ}{\sim}76.4^{\circ}$, group B: $65.9^{\circ}{\pm}4.4^{\circ}$, range $57.7^{\circ}{\sim}75.2^{\circ}$)(p=0.88, p= 0.62). In the sagittal plane, the mean center of tibial insertion of the ACL graft in group A ($31.9{\pm}7.1%$, range 22.4-47.9%) was positioned more anteriorly than group B ($37.0{\pm}4.9%$, range $18.5{\sim}44.7%$)(p=0.005). But in the coronal plane, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(group A: $46.3{\pm}2.8%$, range $42.1{\sim}52.5%$, group B: $45.7{\pm}2.8%$, range $41.0{\sim}49.1%$)(p=0.392). Conclusion: We performed an ACL reconstruction with the tension load technique using auto-Achilles tendon and we found that the graft orientation in MRI was as good as that of the native ACL.
Lee Kwang Won;Park Jae Guk;Jung Yu Hun;Kim Byung Sung;Kim Ha Yong;Choy Won Sik
Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
/
v.7
no.2
/
pp.160-168
/
2003
Purpose : To analyze the anterior stability and functional results after the arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and meniscectomy based on meniscus status at the time of surgery. Materials and Methods : From October 1997 to October 2002, 78 patients (male 64 female 14) were treated by arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and meniscectomy and followed more than 12 months (range, $12\~72$ months, average: 32 months). Average age was 32 years old (range, $18\~57$ years old). We divided the patients into 4 groups; Both menisci was intact (BMI, control group), lateral meniscus removed (LMR), medial meniscus removed (MMR) and both menisci removed (BMR). Anterior passive displacement (objective stability) was estimated using KT-2000 arthrometer under the loading of 15lb,20lb and 30lb and evaluated anterior drawer test, Lachman test, range of motion, thigh circumference. Functional evaluation system of IKDC, OAK and Lysholm knee score was used. Results : Average anterior displacement under the loading of 30lb were 2.47 mm, 2.96 mm, 2.96 mm and 3.57 mm in each group(BMI, LMR, MMR, BMR) and it was statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There is no statistically significant difference in average anterior displacement under the loading of 15lb and 20lb in each group but it has showed decreasing tendency in meniscal removed groups. The mean anterior displacement was within 3 mm in 21 cases, 15 cases, 24 cases and 12 cases (total 72 cases, $94\%$) under the loading of 15lb and 20 cases, 15 cases, 24 cases and 11 cases (total 70 cases, $91\%$) under the loading 20lb of in each group and postoperative knee joint stability has showed increasing tendency (p>0.05). The mean score was 94.5, 93.2, 92.2 and 90.4 points in each group and 71 cases $(91\%)$ were more than excellent or good with a OAK score and fair results were noted 4 cases in both meniscal removed group. There were 65 cases $(83\%)$ with a Lysholm knee score more than excellent or good, and IKDC grading were more than normal or nearly normal in 74 cases $(95\%)$ except 4 cases (2 cases in MMR group and 2 cases in BMR group). Conclusion : Long-term anterior stability and functional results of a successful ACL reconstruction affected by tile status of the menisci at the time of surgery and KT-2000 arthrometer was good for estimation of objective follow up.
Purpose: To evaluate the short-term results of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using fresh frozen Achilles allograft Materials & Methods: From March 2002 to March 2004, arthroscopic ACL reconstructions using fresh frozen Achilles allograft were performed in 25 knees of 25 patients. The average age at operation was 30.1 years (range, 18-50 years) and the average follow-up was 17 months (range, 12 to 27months). Preoperative and follow-up clinical results were evaluated using the Lysholm knee score, IKDC knee rating system, physical examination and KT-2000 arthrometer. Results: The Lachman test was positive in 25 patients preoperatively and 18 patients(72%) had negative results at latest follow-up. The average side-to-side differences of anterior tibial translation using KT-2000 arthrometer under loading of 301b were improved from $7.9{\pm}2.4mm\;to\;2.6{\pm}1.6mm$. The average Lysholm score was improved from $61.1{\pm}13.9\;to\;93.5{\pm}5.3$ points. The IKDC grade was abnormal(C) or severely abnormal(D) in 25 cases preoperatively They improved 22(88%) of normal(A) or nearly normal(B) and 3(12%) of abnormal. Conclusion: Short term results of ACL reconstruction using Achilles allograft was acceptable. Achilles allograft can be a reasonable graft alternative to autograft for ACL reconstruction.
Purpose: We used tibialis allograft for the reconstruction of ACL and used Hybrid femoral fixation utilizing $Endobutton^{(R)}$ and $Rigidfix^{(R)}$ for femoral fixation, and used $Retroscrew^{(R)}$ and additional fixation for tibial fixation to evaluate the clinical results. Materials and Methods: The ACL reconstruction were performed from February 2004 to February 2007 utilizing Hybrid femoral fixation and $Retroscrew^{(R)}$ and 32 patients, 32 cases which were available for year-long observation (12 to 25 months). The clinical results (Lysholm knee score, IKDC grade) and the radiologic results(bone tunnel expansion, Telos anterior displacement test) were evaluated. Results: The Lysholm knee score was improved from the average of $67.9{\pm}5.4$ points (range: 51~77) before operation and to $94.1{\pm}6.8$ points (range: 68~98) at the last follow up (p<0.05). 22 cases (69%) were evaluated normal (A), 9 cases (28%) were evaluated nearly normal (B) and only 1 case (3%) was evaluated not normal (C) at IKDC final evaluation and no case was evaluated abnormal. From $Telos^{(R)}$ stress x-ray evaluation, difference from the opposite knee was improved average 13.2 mm{\pm}5.8 (range: 6~21 mm) to average $3.4\;mm{\pm}2.8$ (range: 0~11 mm) after operation (p<0.05). The femoral and tibial tunnel were widened by 18.7% and 9.6% in the AP view and 12.4% and 8.5% in the lateral view, respectively (p<0.05). However, any statistic significance was not observed between bone tunnel expansion and knee joint functions (p>0.05). Conclusion: An ACL reconstruction with tibialis allograft using Hybrid femoral fixation and $Retroscrew^{(R)}$ enabled anatomical fixation of the graft tendon with satisfactory clinical results.
Kim, Jae-Do;Cho, Myung-Rae;Yoo, Kyung-Sik;Kim, Young-Chang
The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
/
v.5
no.1
/
pp.9-16
/
1999
A new method of limb sparing by resection, extracorporeal irradiation and reimplantation has several theoretical advantages. This method preserves the mobility of a joint and avoids the problem of loosening or breakage of tumor prosthesis. This study involved using extracorporeal irradiated autogenous joint transplantation for reconstruction after en bloc resection, and observed the periods of functional union and histological changes in irradiated tissue of the knee joint. This study also aimed to clarify whether the degeneration of articular cartilage is induced in rabbits by a single 50Gy dose of irradiation at the knee joint. Twenty New Zealand rabbits about three kilograms were randomized into two groups of 10 rabbits each. In group 1, as control, we resected the knee joint followed by reimplantation without irradiation. Group 2 received extracorporeal irradiation on the resected knee joint followed by reimplantation. Following are the results of these observations. The osteotomy site showed external callus formation in the roentgenographic finding eight weeks after reimplantation. There was marked degenerative changes in the collagen fiber of the irradiated anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus during the fourth week, but new blood-vessel formation was observed in the vicinity. There was degenerative changes in the collagen fiber of articular cartilage treated extracorporeal irradiation at four and eight weeks in the scanning electron micrographic findings. These findings was in contrast to those of subchondral bone which showed decreased cellularity and empty lacuna at four and eight weeks. Autoradiography demonstrated active [$^3H$]uridine incorporation by irradiated chondrocyte at eight weeks after reimplantation. These results indicate that when destruction of the articular cartilage and soft tissue of the knee joint is not severe, extracorporeal irradiation and reimplantation can be used with several advantage in maintaining movement of the joint while avoiding problems of tumor prosthesis and rejection, and therefore extracorporeal irradiated autogenous joint transplantation can be used as a limb-sparing procedure for temporary biological spacer in the childhood bone tumor around the knee.
Purpose: The authors introduce a new technique of arthroscopic all inside repair using anterolateral and anteromedial portals for lateral meniscus root complete radial tear in patients who underwent concurrent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Operative technique: Arthroscope is placed through anteromedial portal and suture hook ($Linvatec^{TM}$, Largo, Florida, USA) is delivered through anterolateral portal. By rotating the suture hook, it penetrates posterior horn of the torn meniscus from femoral to tibial surface for vertical orientation. PDS No. 1 ($Ethicon^{TM}$, Somerville, NJ, USA) is delivered through the suture hook, and then it is withdrawn. Both end of PDS No. 1 are taken out through the anterolateral portal. MAXON 2-0 ($Syneture^{TM}$, Norwalk, Connecticut, USA) is used to penetrates remnant of tibial attachment of the torn meniscus from tibial to femoral surface in a same manner. MAXON 2-0 is changed for PDS No. 1 from tibial to femoral surface by shuttle relay technique. PDS No. 1 is tied using SMC (Samsung Medical Center) knot. Conclusion: All inside repair is a useful technique to achieve anatomical repair and to restore the hoop tension in lateral meniscus root complete radial tear.
Purpose: To evaluate status of reconstructed ACL and changes around graft through second-look arthroscopy after arthroscopic reconstruction of the ACL with autograft tendons. Material and Methods: Between Jun. 2003 and Feb. 2007, the second look arthroscopy was performed on 22 cases. Second-look arthroscopy was conducted on average 15.1 $(7\sim31)$ months after reconstruction. 15 cases received hamstring tendon autograft, 7 cases received bone-patellar tendonbone autograft. We measured graft tension using displacement by probing, synovial coverage by visual analysis at second-look arthroscopy The assay in Lysholm score, Lachmann test and KT-2000 arthrometer were evaluated status of reconstructed ACL. Results: The hamstring tendon group showed normal tension in 11 cases and lax tension in 4 cases. The patellar tendon group showed normal tension in 3 cases, lax tension in 2 cases and partial tear in 2 cases. In the hamstring tendon group, synovial coverage was good in 11 cases, half in 3 cases and pale in 1 case, and the bone-patellar tendon-bone group was good in 4 cases and half in 3 cases. The patellar tendon group was superior to the hamstring tendon group in Lysholm score (p<0.05), but insignificance difference in KT-2000 arthrometer results statistically. Conclusion: The hamstring tendon group was superior to the bone-patellar tendon-bone group in second-look arthroscopy after ACL reconstruction with autograft tendons results, but long term follow up will be necessary to further evaluated.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.