• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 2023

수도권에 일 약 8백만톤의 물을 취수하여 공급하는 팔당호는 수질보전정책 시행으로 BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand)1.1mg/L를 달성하였으나 난분해성 물질을 포함하는 COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) 항목은 점점 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 난분해성 유기물질의 상수원 유입은 잠재적인 BOD의 증가, 수돗물의 냄새와 맛 유발, THM(Trihalomethane) 발생 증가, 조류 증식을 일으키며 유해 난분해성 미량오염물질이 잔류할 경우 수생 환경에서 내분비 교란과 항생제 내성과 같은 현상을 유발한다. 본 연구에서는 팔당호의 난분해성 유기물질 관리를 위해 팔당호와 팔당호 상류의 점 오염원과 비점오염원의 난분해성 유기물질 유출 농도를 파악하기 위한 모니터링을 실시하였다. 지역별 난분해성 유기물질 유출 농도를 비교하고 하수처리장에서의 제거율을 파악하였다. 또한 피어슨 상관성 분석 기법을 사용해 유기물질 지표와 선행건기일수, 선·선행건기일수간 상관성 분석을 실시하였다. 하천과 팔당호의 난분해성 유기물질 농도는 유사한 양상을 보였다. 하수처리장 유출수는 하천과 팔당호보다는 높은 농도를 보였으며, 유입수와 유출수 농도의 비교 결과 하수처리장에서 난분해성 유기물질 제거율은 65.73%였다. 난분해성 유기물질 유출 농도와 선행건기일수, 선·선행건기일수 사이에서는 유의미한 상관성이 나타나지 않았다. 이는 데이터 부족으로 판단되며 장기적인 모니터링으로 데이터 축적이 필요하다 사료된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.184-191
• /
• 2008

Long term monitoring was conducted to investigate a surface runoff of pollution from urban highway. The monitoring data was collected for 18 rainfall events and was used to correlate pollution load to various parameters, such as rainfall intensity, antecedent dry days and total discharge flow. Runoff coefficient and seasonal variation were also evaluated. The mean runoff coefficient of the highway was 0.823(range; $0.4687{\sim}0.9884$), and wash-off ratio for $COD_{Mn}$ and SS loads was 72.6% and 64.3%, respectively. For the initial rainfall event, the runoff EMC of $COD_{Mn}$ was high in summer and the EMC of SS was high in autumn season. However the seasonal variation of T-N and T-P was not significant. The discharged $COD_{Mn}$-EMC was $147.6\;mg/L{\sim}9.0\;mg/L$ on the generated $COD_{Mn}$-EMC of $98.8\;mg/L{\sim}8.9\;mg/L$. While the generated EMC of SS was in $285.7\;mg/L{\sim}20.0\;mg/L$ and its discharged EMC was in $190.4\;mg/L{\sim}8.0\;mg/L$. EMC of pollutants was not directly related to the first flush rainfall intensity and the antecedent dry days. But the correlation was relatively high between EMC and cumulative runoff flow volume. The trend of EMC was reduced with the cumulative runoff flow volume.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2016

Purpose: There is a growing interest in rainwater runoff reduction effect of green roof, as flooding caused by increasing impervious surface is becoming more and more frequent in urban areas. This study was conducted to prove runoff reduction and runoff delay effect of the retentive green roof and to investigate its influencing factors to the rainfall events that occurred in the summer of 2013. Method: The experiment intended to monitor the runoff quantity of the retentive green roof($140m^2$) and normal roof($100m^2$) in #35 building in Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea for 75 days in 2013. Result: On analysis of 9 rainfall events, it showed that the retentive green roof has 24.8~100% of runoff reduction ratio, 21.2~100% of peak flow reduction ratio, 0.5~3.75 hours of peak delay, and $1.8{\sim}7.2m^3$ of retaining capacity in an area of $140m^2$. It shows different results depending on rainfall and antecedent dry days. The results show that runoff reduction effect is effective when the rainfall is less than 50 mm and antecedent dry day is longer than five days on average. By installing retentive green roofs on buildings, it can help mitigate urban floods and rehabilitate urban water cycle.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2008

급격한 도시화에 따른 불투수 면적과 인구의 증가로 인하여 많은 양의 오염물이 배출되고 있고, 이로 인하여 지역 하천의 수질이 심각한 위협을 받고 있다. 특히 강우시 지표면의 쌓인 다량의 오염물질은 오수관으로 유입된 후 월류되어 하천으로 유입되기 때문에 이에 대한 연구와 관리시스템의 마련이 시급하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 청주시를 대상으로 도시배수구역의 유출특성을 분석하고 이에 영향을 미치는 인자를 추출 및 분석할 수 있는 통계적 분석방법을 제시 것에 목적이 있다. 선행된 연구를 참고하여 강우강도, 선행건기일수, 강우량과 5개의 수질분석항목(CODcr, BOD, SS, TN, TP)과의 관계를 통계적인 방법으로 분석하였으며, 강우시 도시유출특성을 지배하는 인자에 대한 규명을 시도하였다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2019

Climate change has significantly affected the rainfall characteristics which can influence the pollutant build-up and wash-off patterns from the catchment. Therefore, this study explored the influence of varying rainfall characteristics on urban and agricultural runoff pollutant export using statistical approaches. For this purpose, Mann-Kendall and Pettitt's test were applied to detect the trend and breakpoint in rainfall characteristics time series. In addition, double mass curve and correlation analysis were used to drive the relationship between rainfall-runoff and pollutant exports from both catchments. The results indicate a significant decreased in total rainfall and average rainfall intensity, while a significant increased trend for antecedents dry days and total storm duration over the study periods. The breakpoint was determined to be 2013 which shows remarkable trend shifts for total rainfall, average rainfall intensity and antecedents dry days except total duration. Double mass curve exhibited a straight line with significant rainfall-runoff relationship indicates a climate change effect on both sites. Overall, higher pollutant exports were observed at both sites during the baseline period as compared to change periods. In agricultural site, most of the pollutants exhibited significant (p< 0.05) association with total rainfall, average rainfall intensity and total storm duration. In contrast, pollutants from urban site significantly correlated with antecedent dry days and average rainfall intensity. Thus, total rainfall, average rainfall intensity and total duration were the significant factors for the agricultural catchment while, antecedents dry days and average rainfall intensity were key factors in build-up and wash-off from the urban catchment.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2012

A long-term nationwide nonpoint-source pollution monitoring program was initiated by the Ministry of Environment Republic of Korea (ME) in 2007. Monitoring devices including rain gauges, flow meters, and automatic samplers were installed in monitoring sites to collect dynamic runoff data in 2008-2009. More than 10 rainfall events with three or more antecedent dry days were monitored per year. More than 10 samples were collected and analyzed per event. So far, five land use types (single family, apartments, education facilities, power plants, and other public facilities) have been monitored 23 to 24 times each. Characterization of the runoff from different land use types will aid unit load estimation in Korea and hopefully in other countries with similar land use. The monitoring results will be reported regularly at national and international levels.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2015

Unpaved forest roads are common accessways in mountain areas being used for forestry purposes. The presence of forest roads produces large volumes of surface runoff and sediment yield due to changes in soil properties and hillslope profile. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to estimate the impacts of above-ground vegetation and antecedent soil water condition on hydrology and sediment processes. A total of 9 small plots($1m{\times}0.5m$) were installed to represent different road surface conditions: no-vegetation(3 plots), vegetated surface(3 plots), and cleared vegetation surface(3 plots). Experiments were carried out on dry, wet, and very wet soil moisture conditions for each plot. Above ground parts of vegetation on road surface influenced significantly on surface runoff. Runoff from no-vegetation roads(39.24L) was greater than that from vegetated(25.05L), while cleared-vegetation condition is similar to no-vegetation roads(39.72L). Runoff rate responded in a similar way to runoff volume. Soil erosion was also controlled by land cover, but the magnitude is little than that of surface runoff. Even though slight differences among antecedent soil moisture conditions were found on both runoff and soil erosion, runoff rate and soil losses were increased in very wet condition, followed by wet condition. The experiments suggest that vegetation cover on forest road surface seems most effective way to reduce surface runoff and soil erosion during storm periods.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권8호
• /
• pp.977-988
• /
• 2012

This study analyzed the characteristics of stormwater runoff by rainfall type in orchard areas and transportation areas for 2 years(2010~2011year). Effluents were monitored to calculate the Event Mean Concentrations(EMCs) and runoff loads of each pollutant. The pollutant EMCs by volume of stormwater runoff showed the ranges of BOD 0.9~13.6 mg/L, COD 13.7~45.2 mg/L, SS 4.1~236.4 mg/L, T-N 2.123~21.111 mg/L, T-P 0.495~2.214 mg/L in the orchard areas, and was calculated as BOD 2.3~22.5mg/L, COD 4.4~91.1 mg/L, SS 4.3~138.3 mg/L, T-N 0.700~13.500 mg/L, T-P 0.082~1.345 mg/L in the transportation areas. The correlation coefficient of determination in the orchard area was investigated in the order of Total Rainfall(0.81) > Total Runoff(0.76) > Rainfall Intensity(0.56) > Rainfall Duration(0.46) > Antecedent Dry Days(0.27). Also, in the case of the transportation area was investigated in the order of Total Rainfall (0.55) > Total Runoff(0.54) > Rainfall Intensity(0.53) > Rainfall Duration(0.24) > Antecedent Dry Days(0.14). As the result, comparing valuables relating to runoff of non-pollutant source between orchard areas and transportation areas, orchard area($R^2{\geq}0.5$ : X3, X4, X5) was investigated to have more influence of diverse independent valuables compared to the transportation area($R^2{\geq}0.5$ : X3, X4) and the difference of discharge influence factor by the land characteristics appeared apparently.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2013

가축사육지역으로부터 발생되는 강우유출수 처리를 위해 건설된 인공습지에 대해 2010년 5월부터 2011년 11월까지 수행한 20회의 강우시 모니터링을 통하여 얻은 자료를 분석한 결과 강우시 저감효율은 TSS 88%, BOD 54%, $COD_{Mn}$ 35%, $COD_{Cr}$ 70%, TN 31%, TP 64%이었다. 이론적으로 강우계급의 증가(강우유출량 증가)는 습지의 수리학적 교환비율을 증가시키기 때문에 TSS 저감효율은 감소해야하는데 교환비율이 1에 접근하였을 때 대략 55%의 효율을 달성하였다. 또한 연속적인 강우활동, 개별적인 강우사상의 대소, 강도, 선행건기 일수 등 습지에서는 실험자가 제어할 수 없는 수많은 자연변수들이 복합적으로 작용하기 때문에 처리효율의 변동이 매우 컸다. 효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 요인으로는 수리학적 요인과 함께 조류증식이 성능 불확실성에 크게 기여하였다.