• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1990

The activities of s-amylase, ${\alpha}-amylase$ and protease of three combination products containing digestive enzymes, antacids and herbal drugs on the Korean market were estimated. The effects of antacids and herbal drugs on the activities of digestive enzymes were investigated. Starch-saccarifying activity of s-amylase, starch-dextrinizing activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and protein-peptic activity of protease were estimated by Somogy, Mc'Credy, and Casein-Folin method, respectivley. The optimal pH of s-amylase, ${\alpha}-amylase$ and protease were pH 5.0, 4.8 and 7.0, rcspectively. The digestive activities at optimal pH continued about eight hours. The digestive activities of individual enzymes were reduced to 40-90% by antacids and were affected somewhat positively or negatively by herbal drugs. Enzyme activities of the combination products were also affected by pH and reaction time.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 1989

A proteolytic enzyme was extracted from Sarcodon aspratus (Berk) S. Ito by percolation method. Proteolytic activity of the extracted proteolytic enzyme (SAP) was compared with several digestives containing proteolytic enzymes. Potency of SAP was higher than that of the other digestives except for protease. The optimum pH ranse of SAP was similar to that of pancveatin and protease. SAP was more stable than pancreatin and protease under various temperature, alkaline pH, and metal ions. Bovine serum albumin hydrolysing activity of SAP was equivalent to that of pancreatin and protease in small intestine of rats. SAP demonstrated lower adsorption to antacids than pancreatin and protease. Among the mixtures of SAP and several antacids, magnesium oxide-SAP showed the highest proteolytic activity.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.496-503
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• 1994

The combined products of antacids(AM) composed of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone with a ratio of 1 : 1 : 0.1 and aceglutamide aluminium(AGA) were assayed for the antiulcer activity. The effect of the antacids(AM) in concurrent treatment with AGA was studied in acute gastric lesion induced by Shay's method, stress, ethanol, and indomethacin, in chronic gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid, and in duodenal ulcer induced by mepirizole. In all experimental models, the combined treatment of AM and AGA in the ratio of 2.3:1 showed significant potentiation in inhibition against acute gastric and duodenal ulcer and revealed a significant potentiation of the healing of chronic gastric ulcer.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.520-526
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of NRM granules which were newly developed as a combination product containing antacids, digestive enzymes and herb drugs for the treatmet of various symptoms of upper gastrointestinal disorders taking SGN granules of similiar but different composition as a control. One hundred and twenty one patients were randomly allocated to receive one pack of either NRM granule(80 cases) or SGN granules(41 cases) three times a day after meal and undergone symptomatic, endoscopic and clinical laboratory assessment before and after two weeks of treatment. The results were as follows; 1. All symptoms except anorexia showed improvements in more than 90% of total cases with each symptom in the NRM group. 2. The general improvement rate was 97.5% in NRM group, and was superior to the(92.5%) of SGN group. 3. Two cases of NRM group and one case of SGN group developed mild nausea, and onecase of SGN group developed mild epigastric soreness. No cases of the two groups developed laboratory(blood, biochemical, urine) abnormalities. 4. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 95.0% in NRM group, 87.8% in SGN group. kccording to the result of this trial, it was concluded that NRM granule was an effective and safe drug and(but not statistically significant) was slightly more efficient than SGN for treatment of various symptoms in upper gastrointestinal disorders.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.331-338
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• 1995

In order to screen appropriate preservatives for the suspension containing sucralfate, neusilin and hydrotalcite, the patterns and mechanism of the adsorption and desorption of several preservatives on these antacids were studied. The employed preservatives were parabens(methyl, propyl, butyl), chlorhexidine diacetate and sorbic acid. While none of parabens were adsorbed on three antacids, chlorhexidine diacetate was strongly adsorbed on all the antacids employed, especially on hydrotalcite. Sorbic acid was not adsorbed on neusilin and hydrotalcite, however, 65% of sorbic acid was adsorbed on sucralfate. The adsorption of chlorhexidine diacetate on neusilin and hydrotalcite was partly physical and partly chemical, while its adsorption on sucralfate was almost chemical. Sorbic acid was completely deserted from sucralfate. In all cases, the adsorption isotherms were fitted well to both Freundlich equation and Langmuir equation. Based on these results, parabens and sorbic acid were the preservatives of choice for the suspension containing sucralfate, neusilin and hydrotalcite.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.441-443
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• 2007

A preliminary in vitro acid neutralizing capacity test of twelve traditional Ayurvedic antacids were performed in this study. Five traditional preparations of ash of conch shell, ash of oyster, ash of pearl, limestone, and ash of cowrie showed high acid neutralizing capacity similar to standard antacid combination of $Al(OH)_3\;and\;Mg(OH)_2$. Among these the ash of conch shell found the highest acid neutralizing capacity. The ash of tamarind and ash of Achyranthus aspera showed moderate acid neutralizing capacity. The acid neutralizing capacity of red ochre; ash of iron; mixture of niter, alum and ammonium chloride; saltpeter; and ash of mica found below the USP 23 limit.

• 약학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 1960

Sixteen Antacid preparations in Korea were evaluated their acid-neutralizing capacity by Rossett and Rice Method in comparison with U.S.P. and K.P. method.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.115-119
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• 1990

The reaction rates, duration times and neutralizing capacities of the antacids which are frequently used in Korean market and three different commercial combination products were evaluated in vitro by Fuchs method and Johnson-duncan method, respectively. In vivo tests of combination products were determined in the fasted state of rat by Aspiration method. Comparing the result of in vitro test with that of in vivo test, the maximal pH was lowered by 2-3 value and the durational time increased by two folds in vivo test. Each antacid composition and combination products from three phamaceutical companies (A, B, and C) were studied, respectively. The duration times measured by Fuchs method were double compared to those by Johnson-Duncan method. A and C preparation maintained the pH range from 3 to 7 for 60 min by Fuchs method. In vovo test, maximum pH of A, B and C preparation was 6.50, 3.65, 2.65 and duration time of those was 200, 500, 0 min, respectively.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2000

Gastrointestinal (GI) medications have been administered to many patients without any gastrointestinal diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate use of GI drugs and assess related factors. Medical records of 600 outpatients were reviewed from January 1997 to December 1997 at A Hospital, Kyunggi-do, Korea. Fifty patients every month among all outpatients were randomly selected up to total 600 patients. Surgical patients, visitors for regular health examination and inpatients were excluded. GI symptoms included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, constipation, heartburn, dysphagia and abdominal pain. The prescribed gastrointestinal drugs were antacids. $H_2$-antagonist, sucralfate, cisapride, omeprazole, laxatives, digestive enzymes and antidiarrheal agents. Patients without GI symptoms were 348 out of 600 outpatients who were screened. Two hundred and eighty two of 348 patients $(81\%)$ were given GI drugs though they did not have any GI symptoms. There were no differences in regard to sex and age of patients. Most of medical departments prescribed gastrointestinal drugs for these patients. The most frequently prescribed drugs were in order of digestive enzyme, antacids and $H_2$-antagonists. In view of economic aspects, patients paid 12.28 percents of total cost per prescription for unnecessary medicines. The medical practice of prescribing GI drugs should be assessed to define appropriate subgroups to have benefits with prophylactic administration and to reduce adverse effects caused by drug interactions. Pharmacists would have a significant role to promote rational drug therapy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1251-1253
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• 1997

개심 수술후 위장관 계통의 합병증은 드물게 발생하지만 사망률은 매우 높은 심각한 합병증 중의 하나이 며 특히 십이지장의 합병증은 그 빈도가 매우 드문 것으로 알려져 있다. 본원에서는 개심 수술후 십이지장 출혈 1례, 십이지장 궤양 천공 2례를 치험하였다. 출혈의 경우 빈맥, 현기증, 흑색변 등의 증상이 임상적 의 심의 단서가 되었으며, 천공의 경우는 복통을 동반한 복부 팽만, 빈맥, 저혈압, 핍뇨 등이 임상적 단서가 되 었고 복막펀자술로 확진을 내릴 수 있었다. 십이지장 출혈의 경우 항제산제의 복용, 수혈 등 보존적인 방법 으로 치료되었으나 십이지장 천공의 경우에는 2례 모두에서 응급 개복수술을 필요로 하였고 1례는 병발되는 합병증으로 가퇴원하였으며, 나머지 1례에서는 장기간의 중환자실 처치를 필요로 하였다. 따라서 수술전 과 거력상 위장관 계통의 증상, 장시간의 심폐바이패스 사용등 위십이지장궤양의 위험인자가 있는 환자들에서 는 개심수술후 항궤양 약물의 예방적 사용뿐만 아니라 십이지장 합병증에 대한 임상적 의심, 조기 진단과 시의 적절한 치료가 십이지장 합병증의 이환율과 사망률을 줄이는데 필요한 것으로 생각된다.