• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.698-701
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• 2007

A top emission organic light emitting diode comprising of a triple anode on polycarbonate $film/TNATA/NPB/Alq_3:C545T/cathodes$ has been fabricated. The triple layer structure of Cr/Al/Cr allowed for fabrication of a crack-free anode and provided better higher work function than ITO anode.The anode showed compatibility with flexible plastic substrate and no crack was formed during bending test while ITO anode showed crack.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.245-250
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• 2004

The discharge current oscillation has been measured for various hollow anode widths and its axial positions using a 1㎾-class anode layer hall thruster. As a result, there were thresholds of magnetic flux density for stable discharge. The plasma structure inside the hollow anode was numerically analyzed using the fully kinetic 2D3V Particle-in-Cell (PIC) and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods. The results reproduced both stable and unstable operation modes. In the stable operation case, which corresponds to the case with low magnetic flux, the plasma penetrated into the hollow anode deeper than the case with higher magnetic flux density case. This suggests that comparably large substantial anode area should contribute to stable operation.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.125-131
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• 2015

We investigated the thermal characteristics of rotating anode X-ray tube to develop it for digital radiography by using computer simulation. The target which is the area of the anode struck by electrons is the most important component to get a long life of X-ray tube. So we analyze the thermal characteristics of the target and rotor assembly according to their emissivity by using ANSYS transient thermal simulation and then compare with the measured data of the target temperature operating in aging process of X-ray tube. Especially, keeping the lead coated layer as the role of metal lubricant on ball bearing enables to prevent the noise in rotating anode. The simulation result showed that its temperature was under the melting point of the lead in X-ray tube for digital radiography with 1.2 mm large focal spot 0.6 mm small focal spot and 150 kV tube voltage. We also investigated the relationship between the diameter of the anode shaft and the temperature of the anode and rotor assembly. It has been confirmed that the smaller anode shaft could be good for the rotor thermal characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2015

The multilayer structure of the organic light emitting diode has merits of improving interfacial characteristics and helping carriers inject into emission layer and transport easier. There are many reports to control hole injection from anode electrode by using transition metal oxide as an anode buffer layer, such as V2O5, MoO3, NiO, and Fe3O4. In this study, we apply thin films of LiF which is usually inserted as a thin buffer layer between electron transport layer(ETL) and cathode, as an anode buffer layer to reduce the hole injection barrier height from ITO. The thickness of LiF as an anode buffer layer is tested from 0 nm to 1.0 nm. As shown in the figure 1 and 2, the luminous efficiency versus current density is improved by LiF anode buffer layer, and the threshold voltage is reduced when LiF buffer layer is increased up to 0.6 nm then the device does not work when LiF thickness is close to 1.0 nm As a result, we can confirm that the thin layer of LiF, about 0.6 nm, as an anode buffer reduces the hole injection barrier height from ITO, and this results the improved luminous efficiency. This study shows that LiF can be used as an anode buffer layer for improved hole injection as well as cathode buffer layer.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.240-249
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• 1985

This paper presents the results of the galvanic anode's characteristicsin the Al-Zn-In-Mg and Al-Zn-In-Mg system anodes used aluminium ingot of low purity, 99.5% grade. The results of thses performance tests are as follows: 1) Zn, In and Mg are an available elements to improve the performance of Aluminium alloy anodes. 2) When the range of zinc content in the Al-Zn-In-Mg system anode is 2-5% the more zinc content, the more improve the anode performance. 3) Al-Zn-In-Mg system anode requires a long term over 50 days for the performance test. 4) The composition of Al-Zn-In-Mg system anode which shows the most excellent performance is Al-(2-3%) Zn-(0.02%) In-(1.0%) Mg. 5) When the Al-Zn-In-Mg system anode is annealed for an hour in 500 to 550 .deg. C, the anode performance is improved. 6) The lower average potential and the better corrosion pattern in the Al-Zn-Mg, Al-Zn-In and Al-Zn-In-Mg system anodes, the more current efficiency is improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2006

Electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium zinc oxide (IZO) anode films grown by a RF magnetron sputtering were investigated as functions of RF power and working pressure in pure Ar ambient. To investigate electrical, optical and structural properties of IZO anode films, 4-point probe and UV/VIS spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed, respectively. A sheet resistance of $15.2{\Omega}/{\square}$, average transmittance above 80 % in visible range, expecially above 85 % in 550 nm, and root mean square roughness of 1.13 nm were obtained from optimized IZO anode films grown in oxygen free ambient. All samples show amorphous structure regardless of RF power and working pressure due to low substrate temperature. In addition, XPS depth profile obtained from IZO/PES exhibits that there is no obvious evidence of interfacial reaction between IZO and PES substrate. Furthermore, current-voltage-luminance of the flexible phosphorescent flexible OLEDs fabricated on IZO anode shows dependence on sheet resistance of the IZO anode. These results indicate that the IZO anode is a promising candidate to substitute conventional ITO anode for high-quality flexible displays.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2018

$Sr_{0.92}Y_{0.08}Ti_{0.5}Fe_{0.5}O_{3-{\delta}}$ (SYTF0.5) is investigated as an alternative anode in $H_2$ fuels containing $H_2S$ (0-200 ppm). Although additional ionic conductivity is introduced by aliovalent substitution of $Ti^{4+}$ by $Fe^{3+}$ in the B-site, the SYTF0.5 has lower electrical conductivity than that of the $Sr_{0.92}Y_{0.08}TiO_{3-{\delta}}$. Due to the mixed ionic and electronic conductive (MIEC) property exhibited in the SYTF0.5 anode, the electrochemical performance of the SYTF0.5 anode is improved, as well as the sulfur tolerance. The maximum power densities in $H_2$ at $900^{\circ}C$ for the SYT anode and the SYTF0.5 anode were 56.9 and $98.6mW/cm^2$, respectively. The maximum power density in the SYTF0.5 anode at 200 ppm of $H_2S$ concentration decreased by only 12.9% (86.3 to $75.2mW/cm^2$).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.127-130
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• 2009

The uniform gas distribution between anode channels of the indirect internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is crucial design parameter because of the electric performance and the durability problems. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed to investigate flow characteristics in the anode channels and manifold under different pressure drop and channel temperature conditions. The combined meshes consists of hexadral meshes in the channels and polyhedral meshes in the manifold are adopted and chemical reactions inside the MCFC system are not included because of computational difficulties associated with the size and geometric complexity of the system. Results indicate that the uniformity in flow-rate is in the range of $\pm$ 0.048 % between the anode channels when the pressure drop of anode channel is about 150 Pa. A gas flow-rate uniformity decreases as the pressure drop of anode channels decreases and as the temperature difference between indirect internal reforming (IIR) channels and anode channels increases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.261-261
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• 2012

반도체 공정에서 단위소자의 고속화를 구현하기 위한 금속배선공정에 사용되는 금속재료가 최근에 Al에서 구리로 전환됨에 따라, 향후에는 모든 디바이스가 구리를 주요 배선재료로 사용할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 이러한 구리 배선재료의 도입은 미세화와 박막화라는 관점에서 습식 방법임에도 불구하고 전기도금 방법이 반도체 구리 배선공정에 적용되는 획기적인 변화를 이끌어냈다. 이에 전기도금 방법으로 생산된 구리박막에 대한 요구사항이 증가되고 있다. 전기도금으로 구리박막을 성장시킴에 있어 도금 전해액, 유기첨가제, Anode 물질의 변화는 전착된 구리 박막의 미세구조 및 화학적 구조와 전착률, 비저항 등의 물리적 전기적 특성을 다양하게 변화시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Anode 물질 변화에 따라 Anode 표면에 형성된 불순물막(Passivation layer) 및 전착된 구리박막의 특성을 조사하였다. Anode는 soluble type과 insoluble type으로 나누어 실험을 진행하였다. Anode 물질 변화에 따른, 구리 박막의 물리적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)로 화학조성 및 불순물에 대해 분석하였다. 그리고 FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope)를 이용하여 전착박막의 두께를 조사 하고 AFM (Atomic Force Microscope)을 이용하여 표면 거칠기를 측정하였다. 또한 전기적 특성을 조사하기 위해 4-point probe를 사용하여 구리 전착박막의 표면저항(sheet resistance)을 측정하였다.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.215-222
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• 2006

The passivity behavior of copper anode containing impurities in copper sulfate solution for electrorefining process was studied at several different levels of impurities such as As, Sb, Bi and Pb. The passivity behavior was investigated by electrochemical techniques (galvanostatic, potentiodynamic and cyclic voltammetry tests) and surface analysis (optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy). The results were that arsenic, antimony inhibited passivation and bismuth accelerated it and lead containing anode showed different passivity behavior from above anodes. The improved passivity characteristics could be explained by decrease in oxygen content in passivity film which resulted from a reaction among the impurities, oxygen and copper in the anode. The SEM image revealed that arsenic or antimony containing anode exhibited a porous passivity film and bismuth containing anode showed the compact passivity film and lead containing anode had loose passivity film on anode.