• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 1986

Rotor dynamic response of pumps is greatly influenced by the nature of the hydraulic forces arising from wearing seal, balance drum and impeller, etc.. Therefore, rotor dynamic analysis should be conducted during the design stage in order to aleviate some of the vibrational problems which might occur during the operational life of pumps. Previsousely, the authors have proposed the method to obtain the dynamic seal coefficients of the annular plain seal, convergent and divergent tapered seals, parallel grooved seal, spiral grooved seal and annular stepped seal. On the basis of these results, this paper presents the investigated effect of seals on the stability behavior of a centrifugal pump. The results show the effects of seal geometry, pressure difference, clearance, length/diameter ratio, on stability behavior.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.4 no.2 s.11
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• pp.15-21
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• 2001

Basic equations and their solution procedure we derived for the analysis of an annular pump seal in which the rotor has a large static displacement from the centered position. The Bulk-flow is assumed for a control volume set in the seal clearance and the flow is assumed to be completely turbulent in axial and circumferential direction. Moody's wall-friction-factor formula is used for the calculation of wall shear stresses in the control volume. For the reaction force developed by the seal, linearized zeroth-order and first-order perturbation equations are developed for small motion about an eccentric position. Flow variables are expanded by using Fourier series for the solution procedure. Integration of the resultant first-order pressure distribution along and around the seal defines the 12 elements of rotordynamic coefficients of the eccentric annular pump seal. The results of leakage and rotordynamic coefficients aye presented and compared with the Marquette's experimental results and the San Andres' theoretical analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.528-534
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• 2001

Basic equations and its solution procedure are derived for the analysis of an annular pump seal in which the rotor has a large static displacement from the centered position. The Bulk-flow is assumed for a control volume set in the seal clearance and the flow is assumed to be completely turbulent in axial and circumferential direction. Moody's wall-friction-factor formula is used for the calculation of wall shear stresses in the control volume. For the reaction force developed by the seal, linearized zeroth-order and first-order perturbation equations are developed for small motion about an eccentric position. Flow variables are expanded by using Fourier series for the solution procedure. Integration of the resultant first-order pressure distribution along and around the seal defines the 12 elements of rotordynamic coefficients of the eccentric annular pump seal. The results of leakage and rotordynamic coefficients are presented and compared with the Marquette's experimental results and the San Andres' theoretical analysis.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.150-156
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• 2009

Precise leakage prediction for annular type seals of turbomachinery is necessary for enhancing their efficiency and various prediction methods have been developed. As the seal passage is designed intricately, the analysis based on Bulk-flow concept which has been mainly used in predicting seal leakage is limited. In order to improve the seal leakage prediction, full Navier-Stokes Equations with turbulent model derived in the seal flow passage have to be solved. In this study, 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis has been performed for predicting leakage of various non-contact type anular seals using FLUENT. Compared to the results by Bulk-flow model analysis, experiment, and 2D CFD analysis, the result of 3D CFD analysis shows improvement in predicting seal leakage, especially for the parallel grooved pump seal.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.5 no.4 s.17
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• pp.40-46
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• 2002

An honeycomb/smooth land seal alternating with the honeycomb seal is suggested for structural enhancement in high pressure turbomachinery. Governing equations are derived for an honeycomb/smooth land annular gas seal based on Hirs' lubrication theory and Moody's friction factor model for smooth land and empirical friction factor model for honeycomb land. By using a perturbation analysis and a numerical integration method, the governing equations are solved to yield leakage and the corresponding dynamic coefficients developed by the seal. Theoretical results show that the leakage increases and rotordynamic stability decreases as increasing the length of smooth land part in the honeycomb/smooth land seal.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

Precise prediction of rotordynamic coefficients for annular type seal of turbomachinery is necessary for enhancing their vibrational stability and various prediction methods have been developed. As the seal passage is designed complicatedly, the analysis based on Bulk-flow concept which has been mainly used in predicting seal dynamics is limited. In order to improve the seal rotordynamic prediction, full Navier-Stokes Equations with turbulent model derived in the seal flow passage have to be solved. In this study, 3D CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis has been performed for predicting rotordynamic coefficients of non-contact type annular plain seal using FLUENT. Comparing with the results of Bulk-flow model analysis, the result of 3D CFD analysis shows good agreement.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.447-452
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• 2002

An honeycomb/smooth land seal alternating with the honeycomb seal is suggested for structural enhancement in high pressure turbomachinery. Governing equations are derived for an honeycomb/smooth land annular gas seal based on Hirs' lubrication theory and Moody's friction factor model for smooth land and empirical friction factor model for honeycomb land. By using a perturbation analysis and a numerical integration method, the governing equations are solved to yield leakage and the corresponding dynamic coefficients developed by the seal. Theoretical results show that leakage is increasing and rotordynamic stability is decreasing as increasing the length of smooth land part in the honeycomb/smooth land seal.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 1996

This study is to analyze the rotordynamic effect of surface-friction- factor characteristics on an annular seal. The honeycomb geometry which shows friction-factor-jump phenomena is used in this study. A rotordynamic analysis for a contered annular seal has been developed by incorporating empirical friction-factor model for honeycomb stator surfaces. The results of the analysis for the honeycomb seal showing the friction-factor jump is compared to the non- friction-factor-jump case. The results yield that the friction-factor-jump decreasesdirect stiffness and cross coupled stiffness coefficients, and increases damping coefficient to stabilize rotating machinery in a rotordynamic point of view. The analysis of the honeyeomb seal for the friction-factor-jump case shows reasonably good compared to experimental results, especially, for cross coupled and damping coeffcients.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.36-40
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• 1991

The dynamic characteristics of the annular pressure seal employed in pump have been theoretically deduced with consideration of the effects of elastic deformation due to the thermal stress. The thermal deformation is developed for the two-dimensional steady thermal stress distribution in a infinite circular cylinder subject to heating of the seal and shaft surface into the surrounding fluid. To demonstrate this analysis, the effects of thermal stress on rotordynamic coefficients and logarithmic decrement for annular plain seals was shown.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.9 no.3 s.36
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• pp.14-21
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• 2006

Leakage reduction through annular type seals of turbomachinery is necessary for enhancing their efficiency and the precise prediction method of seal leakage is needed. The analysis based on Bulk-flow concept has been mainly used in predicting seal leakage. However, full Navier-Stokes Equations with turbulent model derived in the seal flow passage have to be solved for improving the prediction of seal leakage. FLUENT 6 which is commercial CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) code based on FVM(Finite Volume Method) and SIMPLE algorism has been used to analyze leakage of various non-contact-type seals in this presentation. Comparing with the results of Bulk-flow model analysis and experiment, the result of CFD analysis shows good agreement with that of existing theoretical analysis for the incompressible grooved seal and compressive plain and staggered seal. The CFD analysis also shows improvement on the leakage prediction of the incompressible plain seal and compressive see-through-type labyrinth seal.