• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.465-476
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• 2016

This study was conducted to elucidate the ecological characteristics of sub-alpine coniferous forest on Banyabong, Mt. Jiri. Soil pH was 4.20. The contents of organic matter, total N, available P and CEC were 14.15%, 0.43%, 10.1 ppm and $17.17cmol^+/kg$, respectively. Sub-alpine coniferous forest had a relatively soil moisture content with 22.9%. According to the results of importance value analysis, Picea jezoensis (42.7) and Abies koreana (34.0) for tree layer, Rhododendron schlippenbachii (25.5) for subtree layer and Tripterygium regelii (18.4) and Rhododendron mucronulatum (16.6) for shrub layer were high, respectively. Shannon's diversity ranged from 0.3560 to 1.050. Evenness and dominance ranged from 0.398 to 0.733 and 0.267 to 0.601, respectively. A. koreana population had a reverse J-shaped DBH distribution, while P. jezoensis population had a normal DBH distribution. Height growth according to DBH of A. koreana was higher than that of P. jezoensis, which indicate than A. koreana have more effective water use efficiency than P. jezoensis. Annual mean tree ring growth of P. jezoensis and A. koreana showed up 1.792, 1.652, 1.389 mm/yr and 2.081, 1.921, 1.576 mm/yr for small, middle and large diameter tree, respectively.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.293-302
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• 2018

This study was carried out to provide basic information on efficient preservation and management of an Abies koreana forest through analyzing the ecological characteristics by slope in Seseok, Mt. Jirisan. Soil moisture content at southern and northern slopes was 29.9% and 21.7%, respectively, and there was no significant difference among soil properties between southern and northern slopes. The importance value of A. koreana in the southern and northern slopes was high for tree and subtree layers, respectively. It is noteworthy that many seedling and saplings of A. koreana were present on the southern slope. The species diversity was 0.413 for the tree layer, 0.632 for the subtree layer, and 0.609 for the shrub layer on the southern slope and 0.396 for the tree layer, 0.783 for the subtree layer, and 1.215 for the shrub layer on the northern slope. Evenness and dominance ranged from 0.371 to 0.609 and 0.629 to 0.391 on the southern slope and from 0.380 to 0.968 and 0.620 to 0.032 on the northern slope, respectively. The mortality of A. koreana was 9.6% on the southern slope and 24.4% on the northern slope, a distinct difference between the slopes. The mortality type at two slopes was the highest proportion of standing dead. Annual mean tree ring growth of A. koreana on the southern slope (1.76 mm/yr) was higher than that on the northern slope (1.64 mm/yr).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate annual growth of fairy ring of Tricholoma matsutake. The edge growth of active mycelial zone of fairy ring during $1999{\sim}2000$ and the distance between sporocarp-fruiting positions of four years ($1997{\sim}2000$) and the edge of fairy ring of 2000 were measured. The fairy ring of T. matsutake moved outward about 11.3 cm annually ($1999{\sim}2000$) in the 65 years old P. densiflora stand, and the growth was coincided with the average distance of sporocarp-fruiting positions for four years ($1997{\sim}2000$). In addition, the sporocarp-fruiting positions were about 13.8 cm apart from the edge of active mycelial zone in year of 2000. Therefore, the sporocarp-fruiting position in this year was within the mycelial region one year ago. It is strongly recommended that the sporocarp of T. matsutake should be harvested apart about 50 cm from sporocarp in order to protect the fairy ring.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.557-562
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• 2002

This study was to estimate population growth parameters of the freshwater bivalve, Corbicula (Corbiculina) papyacca (Heude) in Korea. Samples were collected from Jojong stream in Chungpyeong from September 1999 to August 2000. Ages were determined from the ring of shell, The shell length of the samples ranged from 4,2 mm to 28.1 mm, The ring on the surface of shell was formed once a year from January to March, Marginal increment analysis of shell rings indicated that annuli were formed in June. Spawning period was estimated to be May to August with a peak between June and July through fatness analysis, and thus rings were considered to be true annual marks. Von Bertalanffy's growth parameter were estimated from a nonlinear method with the value of logical maximum shell length ($L_{propto}$) was 34,36 mm, K was 0.1531/year, logical age of shell length 0 ($t_{0}$) was -0,5246 year, and logical maximum total weight ($W_{propto}$) was 11.42 g.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.2
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• pp.249-257
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• 2017

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between tree-ring growth of Pinus densiflora and climate factors based on national forest inventory(NFI) data. Annual tree-ring growth data of P. densiflora collected by the $5^{th}$ NFI were first organized to analyze yearly growth patterns of the species. Yearly growing degree days and standard precipitation index based on daily mean temperature and precipitation data from 1951 to 2010 were calculated. Using the information, yearly temperature effect index(TEI) and precipitation effect index(PEI) were estimated to analyze the effect of climate conditions on the tree-ring growth of the species. A tree-ring growth estimation equation appropriate for P. densiflora was then developed by using the TEI and PEI as independent variables. The tree-ring growth estimation equation was finally applied to the climate change scenarios of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for predicting the changes in tree-ring growth of P. densiflora from 2011 to 2100. The results indicate that tree-ring growth of P. densiflora is predicted to be decreased over time when the tree-ring growth estimation equation is applied to the climate change scenarios of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. It is predicted that the decrease of tree-ring growth over time is relatively small when RCP 4.5 is applied. On the other hand, the steep decrease of tree-ring growth was found in the application of RCP 8.5, especially after the year of 2050. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information necessary for estimating local growth characteristics of P. densiflora and for predicting changes in tree-ring growth patterns caused by climates change.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6 s.134
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate on the formation of resin canal, tylosis and latewood of the major species growing in Chuncheon. Two species of softwoods (Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis) and two species of hardwoods (Quercus mongolica and Robinia pseudoacacia) were used in this experiment. The resin canals of P. densiflora and P. koraiensis were formed from the beginning through the middle of July and in the beginning of May, respectively. It is clear that the resin canal of P. koraiensis was formed much earlier than that of P. densiflora. The tylosis in vessel of Q. mongolica was formed in the middle of May, and the formation in R. pseudoacacia was in the end of May. The latewood in P. densiflora was formed in the middle of August. The latewood in P. koraiensis was formed from the end of September through the beginning of October. While latewood vessels in Q. mongolica were formed in the end of May, and those in R. pseudoacacia from the beginning of June through the middle of June. Consequently, the period of resin canals, tyloses and latewood formation was different among the sample trees, even though the trees were grown under the same conditions.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.565-577
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand the factors influencing the decline and the patterns of changes in Abies nephrolepis populations on Mt. Seorak. We installed permanent quadrats in the areas of the Gwittagicheongbong (peak), Gwanmoneungseon (ridge), and the Seorak Falls and have monitored the community structure, population dynamics, radial growth, and vitality in the quadrats since 2009. Excluding the Seorak Falls, the three research sites showed a three-layer structure in which the low-tree layer forms the canopy. Major tree species were Khingan fir, Korean arborvitae, Mongolian oak, Erman's birch, and Korean maple. The significance of Khingan fir in Seorak Falls decreased from 45.3% in 2009 to 36.8% in 2018. The number of shoots ($DBH{\geq}5cm$) was highest at 1,800 individuals/ha and 1,700 individuals/ha at the Gwittagicheongbong 2 and the Gwanmoneungseon, respectively. The mortality rates over the past 10 years were very high, at 38.3% and 35.3%, respectively, in the Gwittagicheongbong 1 and Seorak Falls. The most stable inverse J-shaped distribution in the Gwittagicheongbong 1 area was shown in the size-frequency distribution of the Khingan fir populations. The average annual ring growth of the Khingan fir was 0.96 ~ 1.73 mm/year, and the ring growth tended to decrease in the areas of Gwittagicheongbong 1, Gwanmoneungseon, and Seorak Falls, where the vitality was low. If the monitoring process continues, it will be possible to obtain basic data for the conservation and management of subalpine vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.408-423
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• 2021

We established and monitored survey sites in seven regions of Mt. Jiri to investigate population decline and change of the Korean fir (Abies koreana) over a ten-year period from 2009 to 2018. With the exception of one site (Seseok), the six remaining ones all showed a four-layer stratification structure. The importance value of Korean firs in all of the survey areas decreased significantly by 28.5%, from 55.7% in 2009 to 39.8% in 2018. The average population of objects with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5cm or more in all survey sites was 711 objects/ha in 2018, and the cumulative death rate from 2009 to 2018 was 10.8%. Among the death types, DS (dead standing) was the most dominant, comprising 82.4% of the total survey area. However, in Banyabong 1, which had a high gradient of 35°, the death types other than DS accounted for 44.2%. We estimate that A. koreana can maintain a stable population as its distribution type for each diameter class in the Saeseokpyeongjeon site showed a reverse-J shape. The average annual ring growth in all survey sites was 1.09 mm/year, with the most abundant growth observed in the Seseokpyeongjeon site, which was formed mainly by a subtree layer. The growth ring survey showed the estimated average age of A. koreana population in the Byeoksoryeong and Banyabong 1 sites to be 102 and 91 years, respectively, a general downward trend of vitality since 2013.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

The age and growth of the Marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae were investigated using left sagittal otoliths of 832 individuals collected in the mid-southern waters of Korea from January 2006 to April 2007. The seasonal changes in the ratio of an translucent zone to interval between annular rings revealed that the boundaries between translucent and opaque parts of the otolith were annual growth rings formed between May and June once a year. The spawning period was November to March and therefore the duration from fertilization to the complete formation of the annual growth ring became fifteen months. The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equations estimated using the average standard length at each age are the $L_{\infty}$ of 48.04cm, K of 0.1406/year and $t_0$ of -0.5116 for female and 26.14cm, 0.3056/year and -0.8202 for male, respectively. Finally, it is suggested that the growth of female is faster than that of male from age-2.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1985

A computer program for stem analysis has been prepared by using BASIC language. Annual-ring counts and other input data can be directly entered for necessary calculation, and outputs are data lists, cross-section areas, age-height relationships, growth rates, total, annual, and mean increments of height, D.B.H. and volume for an individual tree. The sectional log volumes are calculated by Huber's formula, and the growth rates by Pressler's in this program. A copy of the program listing is in appendix I.