• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.93-103
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of therapeutic exercise on pain, range of motion and strength, and balance ability in a patient with an anterior ankle impingement (AAI). METHODS: A-32-year-old male presented limited ankle motion and pain with forced dorsiflexion at both ankle joints. In response, a therapeutic exercise program consisted of ankle joint mobilization, strength exercises using an elastic band, and proprioceptive exercises including semi-squats and a one-legged standing exercise with open and closed eyes. The program was performed for 40 min/day, twice per week, for 8 weeks. Pain, range of motion (ROM), and muscle strength (ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion), as well as a one-legged standing test of both ankles, were measured before and after 4 and 8 weeks of therapeutic exercise. RESULTS: VAS decreased in both ankles after 8 weeks of exercise, respectively, compared to baseline levels. Range of motion and strength increased in both ankles for dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion after 8 weeks of exercise compared to baseline levels. In addition, the ability to perform a one-legged standing test with eyes opened and closed improved in both legs after 8 week of exercise compared to baseline levels. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that therapeutic exercise improves pain, ROM, muscle strength, and balancing ability in patients with AAI.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.891-895
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• 2015

We investigated the effects of a Virtual reality(VR) program on the proprioception and instability of functional ankle instability(FAI) patients. Among the 20s old individuals who lived in Republic of Korea; 20 people were selected through a public participation process. The 20 participants were then randomly divided into two groups, one of strength exercise(n=10) and one of balance exercise(n=10). Of the patients who had experienced an ankle sprain in the past and currently felt ankle instability, those who recorded 24 points or less on the Cumberland ankle instability tool(CAIT) were determined to have FAI. We selected the strength exercise and balance exercise in the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus as a VR program. The subjects used the program on the Wii Balance Board three times per week for 20 minutes and total 10-minute warm-up and down for four weeks. Proprioception and CAIT of the balance exercise group were improved significantly after the exercise compared to before the exercise(p<.05). Authors recommend that the balance exercise in the VR program be used as an aid for physical therapeutic intervention.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 2008

The range of motion (ROM) of ankle dorsiflexion in older women was associated with gait abnormalities and the risk of falls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-stretching exercise on the flexibility of the plantar flexors of the ankle and the characteristics of gait in healthy elderly women. Fifteen participants were assigned randomly into an exercise (n=8) or control (n=7) group. The exercise group attended a self-stretching program approximately 30 minutes for 3 days per week for 4 weeks. The active ankle dorsiflexion ROM and gait measurements were taken prior to beginning the stretching program and 1 day after the last stretching day. Results showed that the active ankle dorsiflexion ROM was significantly increased in the exercise group than in the control group after the stretching program (p<.05). However, gait parameters, including gait speed, cadence, and stride length were not significantly different between the two groups (p>.05). The results suggest that a 4-week self-stretching program is capable of provoking a significant increase in ankle dorsiflexion ROM in elderly, community-dwelling women. Additional research is needed to investigate the effect of gait-specific exercise combined with stretching exercise on gait ability.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1575-1579
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate how maximum-effort eccentric exercise over different contraction ranges affects the characteristics of torque-angle relationship of human ankle plantarflexor in-vivo. Subjects were randomly assigned in two groups. One group (n=6) performed 120 maximum-effort eccentric ankle dorsiflexion contractions at short muscle length (ankle range of motion from -5 to 15 deg) and the other group (n=6) at long (ankle range of motion from 10 to 30 deg) muscle length. Eccentric exercise decreased the maximum isometric ankle plantarflexion torque ${\sim}40%$. It was found that the optimum ankle joint angle changed from 7.5 deg to 11.1 deg and 10.1 deg, shifted toward the longer muscle length, regardless of the exercise range. The results of this study suggest that eccentric exercise alters the characteristics of torqueangle relationship of the muscle but there is no differential effect of the eccentric contraction range.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the increasing ankle range motion program on ambulation and balance for the elderly with balance disorder. Eighteen elderly subjects were administered with a timed test twice; approximately 4 weeks apart. The exercise group participated in a fall prevention exercise class at the Y.S. Senior Welfare Center of the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The session consisted of a stationary cycle, static stretching ankle joints, balance boards, and progressive resistive exercises using the Thera-band. The results were as follows: Firstly, the increasing ankle range of motion program was effective on the exercise group. Gait-speed was improved (p<.005). Secondly, balance was significantly improved (p<.000). Thirdly, increasing ankle range of motion program was effective in ankle dorsiflexion which was the major risk factor for falls among the elderly. Differences in gait and balance between the groups were examined using a paired t-test (p<.05). The exercise group demonstrated significantly higher values of gait-speed, ankle range of motion, and balance when compared with the non-exercise group. The results of this study suggest that the increasing ankle range of motion program is an effective intervention for the elderly with balance disorder.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.70-87
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Y-balance exercise on spatio-temporal gait parameters in subjects with chronic ankle instability. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Method: A study was conducted on 43 people with chronic ankle instability. Subjects performed modified Y-balance exercise 3 times a week for 50 minutes, 4 weeks. Gait parameters were measured using a gait analysis treadmill before exercise, 2 weeks after exercise, and 4 weeks after exercise. A gait analysis treadmill (FDM-T AP1171, Zebris, Germany) was used to measure gait parameters. Mean values were compared using Repeated measured two-way ANOVA. Result:: When comparing the results of three measurements taken before exercise, 2 weeks after exercise, and 4 weeks after exercise, there were significant differences in the qualitative and quantitative aspects of gait in gait variables such as step distance, step time, step ratio, and sway ratio. Conclusions: These results suggest that the Y-balance exercise and various exercises combining balance and proprioception are effective for subjects with chronic ankle instability.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2024

Purpose : Chronic ankle instability (CAI) can impair strength and balance, leading to activity limitations and restricted participation. Traditionally, ankle stabilization exercises have been applied, and more recently, the effects of hip muscle exercises have been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of hip exercises (HE) and ankle stabilization exercises (ASE) on dynamic balance, performance and ankle function in subjects with CAI. We also compared the difference in effectiveness between HE and ASE. Methods : A total of 34 subjects with CAI participated, ane were randomly divided into two groups: the HE group and the ASE group. The HE group performed a program consisting of exercises above 70 % MVIC, while the ASE group performed a traditional ankle stabilization exercise program. The subjects in each group completed their respective exercise program for a total of 30 minutes once a day and were assessed before and after the intervention. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Y-balance test (YBT). Performance was assessed using the hop for distance test (HDT), and side-hop test (SHT). Ankle function was assessed using foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) questionnaires. Results : YBT, HDT, and FAAM values increased significantly in both groups after the intervention (p<.05), and there was no significant difference between the groups. SHT values decreased significantly in both groups after the intervention (p<.05), and there was no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion : Although no significant superiority was observed between HE and ASE in this study, both exercise programs were effective in improving dynamic balance, performance, and ankle function in subjects with CAI. These findings suggest that both HE and ASE can be suitable interventions for CAI, highlighting the need for individualized treatment plans. Future research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of exercise programs on CAI subjects of different ages and occupational characteristics.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1190-1194
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the complex ankle exercises on balance. 22 participants (male: 14, female: 8) with functional ankle instability were participated. Functional ankle instability was selected to be less than 24 points using the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) with people who had severe ankle sprain and then experiencing ankle giving way. A total of 20 minutes performed three times a week for four weeks with muscle strength and balance exercises. Muscle strengthening exercise was performed with Theraband, and balance exercise was performed with unstable support plates. Biodex balance system(R) was used to measure static and dynamic balance. The dynamic balance was selected in grade 2, 4, and 8. The static and dynamic balance (grade: 2, 4,and 8) balance was significantly decreased in anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions (p<.05). The instability was significantly increased after exercise (p<.05). These results suggest that complex exercises are beneficial to decreasing the functional ankle instability.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.57-69
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ankle strengthening exercise combined with sling-assisted gluteus medius strengthening on ankle instability score, and static and dynamic balance ability, muscle strength in adults in their 20s with chronic ankle instability. Methods : Twenty-eight adults in their 20s with chronic ankle instability were recruited. After screening test, they were randomized through R studio program as an experimental group (n=14) to apply an ankle strengthening exercise combined with sling-assisted gluteus medius strengthening and a control group (n=14) to apply ankle strengthening exercise. The intervention lasted two times a week for 6 weeks. To compare the intervention effects, the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) score, static and dynamic balance ability, and muscle strength of lower extremities were measured. Results : The experimental group showed a significant increase in pre and post-intervention Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) score, static and dynamic balance ability, and muscle strengt (p<.05). The control group showed a significant increase in pre and post-intervention CAIT score, dynamic balance ability, and muscle strength (p<.05). The experimental group showed a significant increase in CAIT score, dynamic balance ability, and muscle strength compared to the control group (p<.05), and showed a high effect size. Conclusions : The results of this study confirmed that ankle strengthening exercise combined with sling-assisted gluteus medius strengthening on people with chronic ankle instability the possibility that it could be effective in improving ankle instability and improving dynamic balance ability, and strength by movement. Although additional research is needed to increase the number of participants due to the small sample size, it is hoped that this study will be an optimistic clinical protocol for people with chronic ankle instability.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gluteus medius strength exercise on the ankle stability of high school student with chronic ankle sprains. Methods: A total of 30 participants were divided two groups. Experimental group was 15 participants applied gluteus medius strength exercise. Control group was 15 participants performing ankle strength exercise. This study was performed for 50 minutes per day, three a week for 6 weeks. All measurements were taken to a pre and post test. Strength was measured using Power Track ll. Balance was measured using Biodex balance system for Limits of Stability and Postural Stability. Ankle Stability was measured using Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Results: In the case of gluteus medius strength, there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group. For ankle stability were statistically significant differences within the experimental group according to measurements taken by Limits of Stability, Postural Stability, and CAIT. A between group comparison showed a statistically significant difference for CAIT only. Conclusion: According to our measurements it appears that gluteus medius strength training was effective in benefiting muscular strength, balance and ankle stability among the physical education.