• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.616-627
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• 2014

The Lanyu is a miniature pig breed indigenous to Lanyu Island, Taiwan. It is distantly related to Asian and European pig breeds. It has been inbred to generate two breeds and crossed with Landrace and Duroc to produce two hybrids for laboratory use. Selecting sets of informative genetic markers to track the genetic qualities of laboratory animals and stud stock is an important function of genetic databases. For more than two decades, Lanyu derived breeds of common ancestry and crossbreeds have been used to examine the effectiveness of genetic marker selection and optimal approaches for individual assignment. In this paper, these pigs and the following breeds: Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, Meishan and Taoyuan, TLRI Black Pig No. 1, and Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station Black pig are studied to build a genetic reference database. Nineteen microsatellite markers (loci) provide information on genetic variation and differentiation among studied breeds. High differentiation index ($F_{ST}$) and Cavalli-Sforza chord distances give genetic differentiation among breeds, including Lanyu's inbred populations. Inbreeding values ($F_{IS}$) show that Lanyu and its derived inbred breeds have significant loss of heterozygosity. Individual assignment testing of 352 animals was done with different numbers of microsatellite markers in this study. The testing assigned 99% of the animals successfully into their correct reference populations based on 9 to 14 markers ranking D-scores, allelic number, expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) or $F_{ST}$, respectively. All miss-assigned individuals came from close lineage Lanyu breeds. To improve individual assignment among close lineage breeds, microsatellite markers selected from Lanyu populations with high polymorphic, heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and D-scores were used. Only 6 to 8 markers ranking $H_E$, $F_{ST}$ or allelic number were required to obtain 99% assignment accuracy. This result suggests empirical examination of assignment-error rates is required if discernible levels of co-ancestry exist. In the reference group, optimum assignment accuracy was achievable achieved through a combination of different markers by ranking the heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and allelic number of close lineage populations.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2013

돈육 육질검정에 의한 품질 증가의 경제적 가치는 품질 정보가 확보된 돼지고기를 구입하는데 소용되는 추가 비용 및 최대한 지불의사금액(WTP)에 의해 측정된다. 가상가치평가법을 이용하여 돈육 육질검정에 따른 소비자의 지불의사금액의 측정을 위해 본 연구는 수행되었다. 분석 방법으로 선형확률모형, 양분선택형 모형 및 이중양분선택형 모형을 이용해 분석에 임하였다. 각 모형에 대한 추정 결과로 돈육 육질검정에 의한 돼지고기와 기존의 돼지고기의 가격차이가 클수록 육질검정에 의하여 생산된 돼지고기를 선택할 확률이 감소함을 나타내며 양분선택형(DBDC)의 지불의사 금액은 735원/100 g이며, 95% 신뢰구간은 531~1,633원으로 추정되었다. 단일 양분선택형(SBDC)의 지불의사 금액은 547원/100 g이며, 95% 신뢰구간은 410~1,109원으로 추정되었다. 각 모형의 절단된 평균 WTP에 대한 추정결과는 이중 양분선택형(DBDC)의 지불의사 금액은 1,014원/100 g이며 95% 신뢰구간은 821~5,185원으로 추정되었고 단일 양분선택형(SBDC)의 지불의사금액은 579원/100 g이며, 95% 신뢰구간은 421~1,365원으로 추정되었다. 돼지고기 육질 검정에 의한 지불의사금액의 평균값의 547.4원/100 g을 적용하여 돼지고기에 의한 연간 총 가치는 5조 1,736억으로 추정된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-128
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• 1991

Hepatotoxicity has many facets. Those to be discussed in this review include the mechanism for the hepatotoxic effects, nature of the injury, and animal models of hepatotoxicity suitable for the detection of chemical injury. Some therapeutic drugs used for treatment of hepatitis are also presented. In addition, as an important and serious problem in future, alternative toxicity testing is discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1074-1080
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• 2017

Objective: The growth, carcass and retail cut yield records on 1,428 Hanwoo steers obtained through progeny testing were analyzed in this study, and their heritability and genetic relationships among the traits were estimated using animal models. Methods: Two different models were compared in this study. Each model was fitted for different fixed class effects, date of slaughter for carcass traits and batch of progeny test live measurement traits, and a choice of covariates (carcass weight in Model 1 or backfat thickness in Model 2) for carcass traits. Results: The differences in body composition among individuals were deemed being unaffected by their age at slaughter, except for carcass weight and backfat thickness. Heritability estimates of body size measurements were 0.21 to 0.36. Heritability estimates of retail cut percentage were high (0.56 from Model 1 and 0.47 from Model 2). And the heritability estimates for loin muscle percentage were 0.36 from Model 1 and 0.42 from Model 2, which were high enough to consider direct selection on carcass cutability traits as effective. The genetic correlations between body size measurements and retail cut ratio (RCR) were close to zero. But, some negative genetic correlations were found with chest girths measured at yearling (Model 1) or at 24 months of age or with chest widths. Loin muscle ratio (LMR) was genetically negatively correlated with body weights or body size measurements, in general in Model 1. These relationships were low close to zero but positive in Model 2. Phenotypic correlation between cutability traits (RCR, LMR) and live body size measurements were moderate and negative in Model 1 while those in Model 2 were all close to zero. Conclusion: Therefore, the body weights or linear body measurements at an earlier age may not be the most desirable selection traits for exploitation of correlated responses to improve loin muscle or lean meat yield.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 1996

Tachyphylaxis to local anesthetics has shown to be promote longer interanalgesic intervals between injections. Previous study demonstrated thermal hyperalgesia accelerates development of tachyphylaxis to sciatic nerve blockade in rats, while MK-801 prevents development of tachyphylaxis. Dextromethorphan is one of NMDA receptor antagonist similar to MK-801. A hypothesis that dextromethorphan would prevent the development of tachyphylaxis was tested in this study. A catheter was surgically implanted along the sciatic nerve a in rat. After recovery from surgery, the animal received repeated injections of 3% 2-chloroprocaine followed by motor block testing with or without hot-plate testing at $56^{\circ}C$. In other experiments, dextromethorphan was administrered by intraperiotneal injection prior to an injection of local anesthetic therough the implanted catheter. Sensory and motor testing was then carried out. Rats injected with 2-chloroprocaine and subjected to hot-plate testing, developed tachyphylaxis to motor and sensory blockade. However, animals pretreated with dextromethorphan did not develop tachyphylaxis over series of three injections. Dextromethorphan seems to prevent development of tachyphylaxis to sciatic nerve blockade in this rat model. Dextromethorphan, one of N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, can be applied to prolong the effect of local anesthetic.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.32.1-32.4
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• 2014

Though many alternative methods to tuberculin skin testing (TST) have been established and evaluated in recent years, sensitivities and specificities of most methods could not meet the requirements of golden standards. In this study, we sought to identify whether repeated TSTs could affect the immune responses in experimental monkeys. Nine natural tuberculosis (TB) monkeys receiving repeated TSTs biweekly were used to demonstrate the effect on TST responsiveness. Two healthy monkeys were administrated with repeated TSTs to analyze the immune response profiling. Intrapalpebral reactions in TB infections gradually weakened or presented intermittent positive reactions. The leukocyte counts, cytokine responses, and antibody responses to all antigens except Old tuberculin (OT) and MPT64L showed no specific changes for TB in healthy monkeys. Positive antibody responses to OT and MPT64L emerged during the first half experimental period, which may cause by their cross-reactivity with mycobacterial species. Results showed that repeated TSTs had no significant effects on immune responses in healthy monkeys but a progressive reduction in TST responsiveness in TB infections.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2010

Unlike human, with some exceptions, animals do not heal with excessive scar. The lack of suitable animal model has hindered the development of effective scar therapy. We previously reported that partial thickness rabbit ear wound model resembles human wound heal process. This study was designed to prepare a hypertropic scar wound model which can be employed for testing anti-scar therapy. Four wounds were created down to the bare cartilage on the anterior side of each rabbit ear using 8-mm dermal biopsy punch and histology analysis at post operation day (POD) 5, 28 and 48 were performed. As the outcome of scar formation is largely determined by the early inflammatory response to the wounding and the degree and the duration of occlusion, cephalodin(50 mg/kg) was injected daily and medical occlusive dressings were applied. Five micro wound and scar sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for quantification of epidermal regeneration and scar hypertrophy. Sections were also stained using Masson's trichrome and Sirius red to evaluate collagen organization and rete ridge formation. Wound closure process was assessed to 7wks post wounding. Complete removal of the epidermis, dermis and perichondrial layer caused delayed epithelialization, which results in hypertropic scarring. The inability of the wounds to contract and the delay in epithelialization in rabbit ear was likely due to cartilage and it created scar elevation. The results suggest that full thickness surgical punch wound model in rabbit ear could be employed as a reliable and reproducible scar wound model for testing anti-scar therapy.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2011

Face transplantation has been reported over the last six years, and it started in 2004 with the announcement of Cleveland Clinic granting the world's first IRB approval to proceed with human face transplantation. Composite tissue allografts (CTAs) in the facial region are considered to be more immunogenic than other solid organ transplants, so these kinds of animal experiments were also considered as challengeable activities to the facial reconstructive surgeons. For the better understanding of CTAs in the oral and maxillofacial fields, we reviewed several recent articles about facial composite transplantation animal model, and summarized some knowledges of composite midface allotransplantation model with sensory and motor reinnervation in this review article.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.847-854
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• 2017

A rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four barbiturates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital and secobarbital) in raw milk. The barbiturates were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction, ultrasonication and centrifugation, and purified on an SPE column. Analytes were separated by HPLC on a CSH C18 column eluted using an acetonitrile-water system with a linear gradient dilution programme, and detected by MS/MS. The recoveries of the barbiturates were 85.0-113.5%, and the intra- and inter-assay RSDs were less than 9.8% and 7.3%, respectively. The limit of detection was 5 ng/mL for all four of the barbiturates. The analytical method exhibited good linearity from 10 to 1000 ng/mL; the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) was greater than 0.9950 for each barbiturate. This method was also applied to the determination of barbiturates in real milk samples and was found to be suitable for the determination of veterinary drug residues in raw milk.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.725-730
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of an alternative a.m.-p.m. testing scheme for milk yield in comparison with the official test method based on weighing two milkings within 24 h. A total of 8,309 p.m. milking weights and 6,767 a.m. milking weights from 72 Holstein cows raised at N.L.R.I. were collected between October 2000 and November 2001. Ratios were computes for daily milk yield to a.m. and p.m. milking weights(direct yield ratios) and ratios of a.m. and p.m. milking weights to daily milk yield (inverse yield ratios). Analysis of variance indicated that the milking interval is the most important source of variation for yield ratios. Adjustment factors for estimating daily milk yield from single milking weights were derived through regression analysis of direct and inverse yield ratios on the length of the milking interval. Daily milk yield was estimated more precisely and accurately when adjustment factors were used than when single milking weights were doubled. In conclusion, alternative recording of a.m. and p.m. milking weights led to reliable estimates of milk yields.