• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.469-477
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• 1995

Drosophila lacertosa and D. sordidula are members of the robusta species group in virilis section of Drosophila. The mtDNA of both species was analyzed, using 10 restriction endonucleases. The mtDNA genome size of D. lacertosa and D. sordidula was 15.7 kbp, altogether, and the numbers of mtDNA fragment were 26 and 32, respectively. Restriction cleavage map of mtDNA in these species was constructed. The patterns of cleavage map were very different between two species and it means that speciation was taken for a long time ago.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

A new species of the genus Farranula Wilson, 1942 (Cyclopoida, Corycaeidae) is described based on both sexes collected off Chuuk Island in Micronesia (West Central Pacific). The new species F. dahlae differs from its close congener F. gibbula (Giesbrecht, 1891) in the following combination of characters in both sexes: body length is longer, length to width ratio of caudal rami is larger, basal element of maxilliped is distinctly longer, and terminal spine to distal segment ratio of P4 is smaller; while in females, lateral margins of fourth pedigerous somite are extended to mid-region of second urosomal somite, maximum width of the second urosomal somite is located at middle region in dorsal and lateral views, and length ratio of caudal seta III to seta V is much larger; and in males, sharply contracted portion of second somite is located at two-thirds distance from anterior margin. Some additional morphological details of F. gibbula are given and a key to species of the genus Farranula is provided.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2015

A new cyclopoid species belonging to the genus Metacyclops Kiefer, 1927 is described, based upon the specimens from a temporary pool in a forest of Mt. Phnom Domnak Dambouk, situated in the southwestern part of Cambodia. Metacyclops woni sp. nov. is characterized by its quite short caudal rami, about 2.5 times longer than wide, with a spinule row on anterior quarter of lateral margin. This new species belongs to the species group with the spine formula 3,4,4,3 of swimming legs 1-4. Among the members of the species group with the combination of characters of 11-segmented antennule and a single apical spine on the second endopodal segment of leg 4, it most resembles M. deserticus Mercado-Salas and Suárez-Morales, 2013 from Mexico in carrying an outermost caudal seta slightly longer than the innermost caudal seta and an apical spine on the second endopodal segment of leg 4 slightly shorter than the segment. However, it differs clearly from the present new species by much longer caudal rami with lateral caudal seta at nearly halfway of lateral margin of the ramus and smooth posterior margin of intercoxal sclerites of legs 1-4. This is the first record of the genus Metacyclops from Cambodia and the fourth one from Southeast Asia.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.284-295
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• 2015

Two new species of Leptochelia Dana, 1849 are described from the western coast of Korea. Leptochelia grandidentata n. sp. is similar to L. itoi and L. lusei characterized by pleonites 4 and 5 of subequal lengths and a uropod endopod with 4 articles but differentiated by a cheliped fixed finger longer than the dactylus and with 4 teeth along the incisive margin, a maxilliped basis with 4 distal setae, and pereopod 1 propodus that is much longer than the combined length of unguis and dactylus. Leptochelia suhi n. sp. shares some features of L. myora with the first article of the uropod endopod longer than the second article and a maxilliped endite with 3 spiniform distal setae but can be differentiated by the cephalothorax being longer than the pleon, the relatively longer antennule article 3 compared to article 2, and the cheliped fixed finger with 3 robust teeth along the incisive margin. In this study, full descriptions of L. grandidentata and L. suhi are given, and a comparison with closely related species belonging to the ‘dubia/savignyi group’ is tabulated and discussed.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.209-246
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• 2015

Morphological features of larvae and pupae of twelve species of Simulium (Simulium) from Korea are investigated and redescribed. Detailed descriptions of immature stages of each species are provided with photographs. For the Korean members of subgenus Simulium, combinations of the following characteristics can be used to separate them from other Korean subgenera: larval abdomen without a pair of conical-shaped ventral tubercles; postgenal cleft variously shaped, viz., miter shaped, spearhead, bullet shaped or triangular; rectal papillae 3 simple lobe or compound lobes; pupal gill of 6-16 filaments; cocoon shoe, boot or slipper shaped; and head trichomes 3 pairs (1 facial+2 frontal). Habitat information and other ecological aspects of each species are provided. Updated keys to larvae and pupae of the Korean species of the subgenus Simulium are also provided to facilitate species identification. Taxonomic treatment based on external morphologies of larvae and pupae of Korean species of the subgenus Simulium are focused and included in this study. To understand their interspecific relationships, phylogenetic analyses using multiple data from molecule, morphology, and ecology are warranted in future research. Also continued exploration for new character systems is needed to establish more stable boundaries for subgenus and species delimitations.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2016

Two new species of Clausidiidae, each belonging to the genera Clausidium Kossmann, 1875 and Hippomolgus G. O. Sars, 1917, are described from Korea. Clausidium maximus n. sp. is an associate of a burrowing decapod of the genus Callianassa living on the Korean coast of the Yellow Sea and has, as diagnostic characters, two inner setae on the second endopodal segment of legs 2-4, nine elements on the third exopodal segment of leg 4, an inner seta on the second exopodal segment of male leg 1, and a relatively large body size, exceeding 2.0 mm in the female. Hippomolgus limiticus n. sp. was found in the bottom sediments in the East China Sea. It is similar to H. furcifer G. O. Sars, but distinghuishable from the latter species by having shorter caudal rami, 4-segmented female maxilliped, and inner coxal spine (instead of seta) on legs 2 and 3. This is the first record on the genera Clausidium and Hippomolgus in the West Pacific.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2015

Two pleurostomatid ciliates, Loxophyllum perihoplophorum Buddenbrock, 1920 and L. rostratum Cohn, 1866, were collected from the coastal waters of the East Sea, Korea. Their morphologies are described based on live observation and protargol staining, and morphometrics are provided. Loxophyllum perihoplophorum is characterized by the following features: 200-650 μm long in vivo; body slender leaf-shaped, flexible and contractile, with thin and wide extrusome-belted zone; 2 macronuclear nodules (Ma) and 1 micronucleus (Mi); 7-9 contractile vacuoles (CV) positioned along dorsal margin; extrusomes (Ex) evenly distributed along edge of entire body, with about 10 dorsal warts (Wa); 9-11 left (LSK) and 19-22 right somatic kineties (RSK), 4-5 furrows (Fu) on left side. Loxophyllum rostratum is about 100-130 μm long in vivo; body oblate leaf-shaped, contractile, convex ventral side and S-shaped dorsal side, beak-like anterior end; 2 Ma and 1 Mi; 1 CV terminally located; Ex distributed along edge of entire body, with about 9-10 dorsal Wa; 7-8 LSK and 15-19 RSK, ca. 5 Fu on left body side. In addition, sequences of small subunit ribosomal DNA were determined from these two Loxophyllum species and compared with the known Loxophyllum sequences.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2016

The first zoeas of Parapanope euagora and Halimede fragifer hatched in the laboratory from two ovigerous galenid crabs of Pilumnoidea were collected from Jindo Island, Jeolanam-do, southern Korea. Their morphologies are described in P. euagora for the first time in the world and re-described in H. fragifer with the color images of live zoeas. In this study, they show a general morphology of Pilumnoidea by having a long antennal exopod, an endopod of the maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae, an endopod of the maxilla with 3+5 setae, and a fork of the telson with two lateral armatures. However, the first zoea of P. euagora differs from other known zoeas of pilumnoid species including H. fragifer by having a long antennal exopod with a medial seta and spine, not two spines, and a fork of telson with two lateral setae, not a seta and spine. Such characteristics of the antennal exopod and the fork of telson are reported for the first time in the pilumnoid zoeas. A comparison between the first zoeal stage of H. fragifer in this study and that of Terada shows minute differences in the characteristics of the antennule and the fork of telson.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2016

We studied the ectosymbionts associating with the sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea at Kosrae, Micronesia. Ectosymbionts of seven species associated with 60.7% of S. gigantea (n=28), with a mean of 2.4 per anemone and 3.9 per occupied anemone. Anemones hosting one or more ectosymbionts did not differ significantly in size from anemones lacking ectosymbionts and there was no significant correlation between anemone size and the number of ectosymbionts. Of 67 ectosymbionts observed, the sea cucumber Stichopus vastus comprised 23.9%, followed by the shrimp Thor amboinensis (20.9%), unidentified hermit crabs (Paguroidea; 20.9%), the cardinalfish Ostorhinchus novemfasciatus (20.9%), the shrimp Periclimenes brevicarpalis (9.0%), the sea cucumber Holothuria hilla (3.0%), and an unidentified brachyuran crab (1.5%). This study documents the first records of S. vastus, H. hilla, and O. novemfasciatus associating with S. gigantea, and the first locality records of S. gigantea, T. amboinensis, P. brevicarpalis, and S. vastus for Kosrae. Because humans often harvest S. gigantea for food at Kosrae, we recommend protecting the symbiotic assemblage of S. gigantea by establishing a sustainable system of harvesting.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2009

Two poorly known and often confused pleurostomatid ciliates, Litonotus paracygnus Song, 1994 and L. pictus Gruber, 1884, were collected from the coastal waters of Yeonggeumjeong and Bongpo-port, Gangwondo in the East Sea and from the Iwon tide embankment near Ganwol-do, Chungcheongnam-do in the Yellow Sea, Korea. These species were described based on live observations, the protargol-impregnation and morphometrics of the species. Also provided are their diagnoses. The small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences of these species were compared with previously known sequences of related species. The diagnostics of the two Litonotus species are as follows. L. paracygnus: 150-300 $\mu$m long in vivo, strongly contractile neck region, two ellipsoid macronuclei (Ma) and one micronucleus (Mi), 7 left (LSK) and 11-14 right somatic kineties (RSK), 2-4 contractile vacuoles (CV) located on the posterior end, extrusemes (Ex) distributed on the anterior region of the ventral margin only. L. pictus: about 200-600 $\mu$m long in vivo, extremely contractile, beautiful body color with rows of yellow to yellow-brownish cortical pigment granules, 12-21 Ma arranged in moniliform pattern, infrequently vermiform, 7-11 LSK and 18-26 RSK, several CV located on both margins, Ex distributed on the anterior region of the ventral margin only. In this study, this genus was firstly recorded in Korea.