• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

이상의 실험 결과들을 요약하면, 포르말린을 측두하악관절 내로 주입하여 발생한 염증성 통증 행위반응은 QX-314의 투여로 감소할 수 있었다. 저농도의 QX-314의 진통작용은 TRPV1 통로를 이용하여 세포막 내로 이동하여 작용이 나타났으며 고농도의 QX-314는 TRPV1 통로와 무관하게 진통작용을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 측두하악관절 장애로 인해 발생되는 염증성 통증에 QX-314가 효과적인 치료제로 사용할 수 있다는 것을 말해주며, 특히 고농도의 QX-314가 세포막을 이동하는 경로에 대한 연구가 더 진행된다면 임상에서 QX-314가 진통제로서 사용할 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.439-443
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• 1997

A total of 135 freshwater fish samples (Oreochromis spp. <85> and Clarias lazera <50>) were collected from different localities (shops and fish markets) in Alexandria Province-Egypt and examined for the presence of parasitic larval stages. The obtained data found the overall mean of the infestation with encysted metacercariae was 71.1% in the examined fish. The rates of infestation with encysted metacercariae were 72.9% and 68.0% in the examined Oreochromis spp. and Clarias lazera, respectively. The highest prevalence of the encysted metacercariae was found in summer (81.8%) in case of Oreochromis spp. and in winter (92.3%) in case of Clarias lazera, all these seasonal differences are statistically significant. The rate of infestation of encysted metacercariae in the anterior third, middle third and posterior third of Oreochromis spp. was found to be 82.3%, 74.2% and 95.2%, respectively, while 88.2%, 88.2% and 91.2%, respectively, in Clarias lazera. Moreover, the rate of infestation of encysted metacercariae in eyes, gills, liver, kidney and branchial cavity of Oreochromis spp. was 91.9%, 70.9%, 20.9%, 46.8% and 32.2%, respectively. In Clarias lazera the infestation rate was found to be 47.1%, 70.6%, 8.8% and 38.2% in the gills, liver, spleen and kidney, respectively. The zoonotic and public health importance of the encysted metacercariae are causes severe visceral pain, abdominal discomfort, intermittent bloody diarrhoea and colic after consumption of inadequately cooked fish especially Tilapia spp. (Oreochromis spp.).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.159-162
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• 2011

Three cats with 2 weeks to 1 month history of drooling, halitosis, difficulty eating and pain on opening the mouth were presented to local animal hospitals. On physical examination, the gingiva was swollen, bright red and very painful with bilaterally symmetric pattern. Surgically excised abnormal gingival biopsy samples were requested for diagnosis. Histopathologically, gingival epithelium showed severe hyperplasia and ballooning degeneration. Moderate to severe infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells were presented in lamina propria. Immunohistochemically, inflammatory cells of the samples demonstrated major positive reactions for T lymphocytes. But some plasma cells also presented. According to polymerase chain reaction, tissues samples were negative for four kinds of feline viral pathogens. Based on the clinical, gross, histopathologic findings, these three cases were diagnosed as lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis in cats. In our best knowledge, this is the first case report in Korea.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.149-176
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• 1995

The results were as follow: 1. In classification of the virulence of medicines, it is the virulent animal that have a deadly poison and the rest is the animal of weak nor non-toxic. 2. In classification of the channel distribution, the most is the medicine that belongs to liver channel, the next are the stomach, lung, kidney and spleen channel. 3. In classification of four characters, the most parts are cool, common and warm medicine and there is a few that is hot and cooling. 4. In classification of five tastes, the most numerous tastes are sweet and salty and the next are acrid, bitter and sour tastes. 5. In classification of the medical action, there are few medicine of invigorating vital energy, tonic therapy and astringent and a great part of the medicine are regulating vital energy and blood, removing blood stasis and mass, clearing away heat-evil and eliminating sputum, calming the river to inhibit the wind-evil and pain control. 6. In classification of the application of cancer, the most numerous disease is the liver cancer and the next are stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, uterine cancer,mastitis, brain tumor.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.35-53
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the research trends of animal experiment on the herbal medicine treatment for endometriosis over the past 10 years. Methods: We searched the databases (Pubmed, Embase, Science-on) with terms as endometriosis, Korean medicine, herbal medicine and Chinese medicine. Among the results, we reviewed studies published from 2013 to 2022. Results: 26 studies were selected and analyzed. 8 single herbs and 18 complex formula were used in these studies. The most commonly used herbal medicine for endometriosis was Paeoniae Radix. Each studies showed that herbal medicine had significant effect on treating endometriosis. Conclusions: These results suggest that treating endometriosis with herbal material is effective in inhibiting ectopic lesion and angiogenesis, increasing pain threshold and apoptosis. Further research should be conducted to verify its therapeutic mechanisms and effectiveness.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권3호통권18호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

Although the usage of acupuncture for pain has increased in recent years, the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia (AA) remain unclear. The lack of suitable experimental animal models for persistent pain, which show clear AA, has been the major stumbling block in the investigation of the physiological mechanisms of AA. In the present study, we test AA in two knee arthritis models induced by injection of CFA or carrageenan as persistent pain models. After induction of arthritis, the rat subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. Electroacupuncture (EA) was applied to an acupuncture point each on the contralateral forelimb for 30 minutes under gaseous anesthesia. After the termination of EA, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next several hours. EA produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the foot lasting for at least 2 hours when applied to LR2 in CFA model, and applied to ST36 in carrageenan model, but both points did not produce any significant effects in each other model. Further experiments showed that intraperitoneal pretreatment of naltrexone, a non-selective opioid antagonist, did not reduced the EA-induced improvement of stepping force in both of two models. These data suggest that EA produce analgesic effect in knee arthritic pain and the analgesic effect is specific to the acupuncture point depending on painful conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2016

Background: Phenol and alcohol have been used to ablate nerves to treat pain but are not specific for nerves and can damage surrounding soft tissue. Lidocaine at concentrations > 8% injected intrathecal in the animal model has been shown to be neurotoxic. Tests the hypothesis that 10% lidocaine is neurolytic after a peri-neural blockade in an ex vivo experiment on the canine sciatic nerve. Methods: Under ultrasound, one canine sciatic nerve was injected peri-neurally with 10 cc saline and another with 10 cc of 10% lidocaine. After 20 minutes, the sciatic nerve was dissected with gross inspection. A 3 cm segment was excised and preserved in 10% buffered formalin fixative solution. Both samples underwent progressive dehydration and infusion of paraffin after which they were placed on paraffin blocks. The sections were cut at $4{\mu}m$ and stained with hemoxylin and eosin. Microscopic review was performed by a pathologist from Henry Ford Hospital who was blinded to which experimental group each sample was in. Results: The lidocaine injected nerve demonstrated loss of gross architecture on visual inspection while the saline injected nerve did not. No gross changes were seen in the surrounding soft tissue seen in either group. The lidocaine injected sample showed basophilic degeneration with marked cytoplasmic vacuolation in the nerve fibers with separation of individual fibers and endoneurial edema. The saline injected sample showed normal neural tissue. Conclusions: Ten percent lidocaine causes rapid neurolytic changes with ultrasound guided peri-neural injection. The study was limited by only a single nerve being tested with acute exposure.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.717-728
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• 1996

The effects of electro-acupuncture on the pain threshold and the amplitude of dEMG(di-gastric EMG) evoked by the noxious electric stimulation on teeth and gingiva in dogs were studied. Experiments were carried out with 10 dogs weighing 5-8kg. Each animal was anestheticed with Entobar given intraperitoneally in an initial dose of 30mg/kg. Maintenance dose of 5mg/kg/hr was given through a cannula, in the femoral vein, as required to keep up light anesthesia. Bipolar stimulating wire electrodes, 0.1mm in diameter, insulated except for tips, were inserted into the upper canine and palatal gingiva. Rectangular aluminium plate electrodes (15$\times$5mm) were placed on acupuncture points, called Yin-Hsiang, located at both sides of the upper jaw. Rectangular biphasic current pulses of 2Hz, with a $250{\mu}sec$ duration, were delivered for 15 minutes. The dEMG activities were recorded from the anterior belly of the digastric muscle(one of the jaw opening muscles) using bipolar wire electrodes. The magnitude of the jaw opening reflex at different intensties of electro-acupuncture(1volt 4volt and 10volt) was estimated by averaging the 30 superimposed dEMGs recorded on an oscilloscope and audiomonitor. Data were analysed statistically with ANOV A and paired t-test. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Pain thresholds were increased 7.7 %, 15.4 %, 17.3 % in the teeth and 11.1 %, 19.0 %, 25.4 % in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 2. Amplitudes of dEMG were decreaed 8.3%, 22.4%, 27.4% in the teeth and 9.8%, 36.5%, 42.2 % in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 3. Inhibition of pain responses by the electroacupuncture was more effective in the gingiva than in the teeth.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2003

Objective : The central opioid mechanism of acupuncture analgesia has been fairly well documented in acute behavioral experiments, but little electrophysiological study has been performed on the peripheral mechanism and subtypes of opioid receptors responsible for acupuncture-induced antinociception in chronic animal models. In the present electrophysiological experiment, we studied the peripheral mechanism and opioid receptor subtypes which Were implicated in electroacupuncture-induced antinociception in the rat with chronic inflammatory and neurogenic pain. Methods : In the rat with complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation and spinal nerve injury, dorsal horn cell responses to afferent C fiber stimulation were recorded before and after electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation applied to the contralateral Zusanli point for 30 minutes. Also studied Were the effects of specific opioid receptor antagonists and naloxone methiodide, which can not cross the blood-brain barrier, on EA-induced inhibitory action. Results : EA-induced inhibitory action was significantly attenuated by naloxone methiodide, suggesting that EA-induced inhibition was mediated through peripheral mechanism. Pretreatment, but not posttreatment of naltrexone and spinal application significantly blocked EA-induced inhibitory actions. In inflammatory and neurogenic pain models, ${\mu}-$ and ${\delta}-opioid$ receptor antagonists (${\beta}-funaltrexamine$ & naltrindole) significantly reduced EA-induced inhibitory action, but ${\kappa}-opioid$ receptor antagonist had weak inhibitory effect on EA-induced antinociception. Conclusion : These results suggest that 2Hz EA-stimulation induced antinoeiceptive action is mediated through peripheral as well as central mechanism, and mainly through ${\mu}-$ and ${\delta}-opioid$ receptors.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5088-5094
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• 2014

헛개나무 추출물은 알코올 분해, 간 손상 회복과 항산화 기능을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서 헛개나무 추출물이 formalin으로 유도된 염증통증 동물모델에서 염증성 안면통증의 개선하는 능력여부에 대하여 조사하였다. 동물모델은 각각 4개의 그룹으로 나누었다; 그룹1 (대조군), 그룹2 (우측 안면부에 5% fomalin을 피하 주입하여 염증성 안면통증 유발군), 그룹3 (5% fomalin+D.W. 투여군), 그룹4 (5% fomalin+ 4.5 ml/kg 헛개나무 추출물 투여군). 긁거나 문지르는 행위에 대한 계수시험은 3그룹 사이의 다른 점을 평가하기 위해 적용되었다. 뇌와 연수에서의 p38 MAPK, iNOS, Nrf2의 발현은 통증조절, 염증, 항산화와 NO생성과 관련된다. 이것들을 단백정량분석(western blot)으로 분석하였다. 안면통증의 정도는 그룹4가 그룹 1,2,3에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다. 뇌와 연수에서의 p38 MAPK, iNOS, Nrf2의 발현도 또한 그룹4이 다른 그룹에 비하여 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 헛개나무 추출물이 p38 MAPK, iNOS와 Nrf2의 발현을 억제함으로서 염증성 안면통증을 감소시킬 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.