• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.13-32
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• 2017

Objectives This study is to review the effect of herbal medicines on obesity in animal models reported in Korean domestic journals after 2010. Methods The Databases (Koreantk, KISS, NDSL) are searched with terms as obesity, and animal study reports on obesity with herbal medicines after 2010 were reviewed. Animal model, intervention, and obesity indicator were extracted. Results 69 articles were reviewed. 57 studies used high fat diet to induce obesity. 56 studies used complex herbal medicines. Most used herbal material for anti-obesity effect is Ephedrae Herba. Each study shows significant changes of obesity indicators. Conclusions These results suggest that herbal medicine is effective treatment to obesity. But we need continuously agonize and research more effective and safe herbal medicine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to review the effect of herbal medicine on hair growth in animal models reported in Korean domestic journals. Methods : Korean core databases were searched with terms alopecia and hair, and animal study reports on hair growth with herbal medicine were reviewed. Animal model, intervention, and hair growth measure data were extracted. Results : A total of 28 reports were reviewed. C57BL/6 mice with depilation was the most frequent animal models used. Polygoni multiflori radix, Cnidii rhizoma and Biotae Folium were frequently used herbal medicine. Positive effects were reported. Conclusions : Herbal medicines may be promising resource for pharmacopuncture materials for positive effects on hair growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.782-792
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• 2016

As the most common neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the main health concerns for the elderly population. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as biomarkers of infectious, genetic, and metabolic diseases in humans but they have not been well studied in domestic animals. Here we describe a computational biology study in which human AD- and PD-associated miRNAs (ADM and PDM) were utilized to predict orthologous miRNAs in the following domestic animal species: dog, cow, pig, horse, and chicken. In this study, a total of 121 and 70 published human ADM and PDM were identified, respectively. Thirty-seven miRNAs were co-regulated in AD and PD. We identified a total of 105 unrepeated human ADM and PDM that had at least one 100% identical animal homolog, among which 81 and 54 showed 100% sequence identity with 241 and 161 domestic animal miRNAs, respectively. Over 20% of the total mature horse miRNAs (92) showed perfect matches to AD/PD-associated miRNAs. Pigs, dogs, and cows have similar numbers of AD/PD-associated miRNAs (63, 62, and 59). Chickens had the least number of perfect matches (34). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested that humans and dogs are relatively similar in the functional pathways of the five selected highly conserved miRNAs. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence for better understanding the miRNA-AD/PD associations in domestic animals, and provides guidance to generate domestic animal models of AD/PD to replace the current rodent models.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.910-914
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• 2001

The teat number of a sow plays an important role for weaning pigs and has been utilized in selection of swine breeding stock. Various linear models have been employed for genetic analyses of teat number although the teat number can be considered as a count trait. Theoretically, Poisson error mixed models are more appropriate for count traits than Normal error mixed models. In this study, the two models were compared by analyzing data simulated with Poisson error. Considering the mean square errors and correlation coefficients between observed and fitted values, the Poisson generalized linear mixed model (PGLMM) fit the data better than the Normal error mixed model. Also these two models were applied to analyzing teat numbers in four breeds of swine (Landrace, Yorkshire, crossbred of Landrace and Yorkshire, crossbred of Landrace, Yorkshire, and Chinese indigenous Min pig) collected in China. However, when analyzed with the field data, the Normal error mixed model, on the contrary, fit better for all the breeds than the PGLMM. The results from both simulated and field data indicate that teat numbers of swine might not have variance equal to mean and thus not have a Poisson distribution.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.191-203
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• 2017

Human eyes and skin are frequently exposed to chemicals accidentally or on purpose due to their external location. Therefore, chemicals are required to undergo the evaluation of the ocular and dermal irritancy for their safe handling and use before release into the market. Draize rabbit eye and skin irritation test developed in 1944, has been a gold standard test which was enlisted as OECD TG 404 and OECD TG 405 but it has been criticized with respect to animal welfare due to invasive and cruel procedure. To replace it, diverse alternatives have been developed: (i) For Draize eye irritation test, organotypic assay, in vitro cytotoxicity-based method, in chemico tests, in silico prediction model, and 3D reconstructed human cornealike epithelium (RhCE); (ii) For Draize skin irritation test, in vitro cytotoxicity-based cell model, and 3D reconstructed human epidermis models (RhE). Of these, RhCE and RhE models are getting spotlight as a promising alternative with a wide applicability domain covering cosmetics and personal care products. In this review, we overviewed the current alternatives to Draize test with a focus on 3D human epithelium models to provide an insight into advancing and widening their utility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1074-1080
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• 2017

Objective: The growth, carcass and retail cut yield records on 1,428 Hanwoo steers obtained through progeny testing were analyzed in this study, and their heritability and genetic relationships among the traits were estimated using animal models. Methods: Two different models were compared in this study. Each model was fitted for different fixed class effects, date of slaughter for carcass traits and batch of progeny test live measurement traits, and a choice of covariates (carcass weight in Model 1 or backfat thickness in Model 2) for carcass traits. Results: The differences in body composition among individuals were deemed being unaffected by their age at slaughter, except for carcass weight and backfat thickness. Heritability estimates of body size measurements were 0.21 to 0.36. Heritability estimates of retail cut percentage were high (0.56 from Model 1 and 0.47 from Model 2). And the heritability estimates for loin muscle percentage were 0.36 from Model 1 and 0.42 from Model 2, which were high enough to consider direct selection on carcass cutability traits as effective. The genetic correlations between body size measurements and retail cut ratio (RCR) were close to zero. But, some negative genetic correlations were found with chest girths measured at yearling (Model 1) or at 24 months of age or with chest widths. Loin muscle ratio (LMR) was genetically negatively correlated with body weights or body size measurements, in general in Model 1. These relationships were low close to zero but positive in Model 2. Phenotypic correlation between cutability traits (RCR, LMR) and live body size measurements were moderate and negative in Model 1 while those in Model 2 were all close to zero. Conclusion: Therefore, the body weights or linear body measurements at an earlier age may not be the most desirable selection traits for exploitation of correlated responses to improve loin muscle or lean meat yield.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1536-1540
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• 2006

Crossbreeding effects for wool quality traits viz. greasy fleece weight (kg), staple length (cm), average fibre diameter (${\mu}$) and medulation percentage were estimated using the Dickerson's and Kinghorn's models. The data analyzed involved 15 genetic groups including Nali purebred, $F_1$'s of two and three breeds, $F_2$'s and reciprocal crossbred obtained from the crossing of Nali (N), Merino (M) and Corriedale (C) breeds during 1980-96. Nali and Corriedale breeds had non-significant negative additive genetic effects (Dickerson's model) on greasy fleece weight, while effects of Corriedale were negative for staple length only from both models. In general additive genetic effects of all three breeds were non-significant for all the wool traits except medulation percentage. Non significant heterotic and recombination effects (epistatic loss) were estimated from both models. However, the estimates of crossbreeding effects varied between the models both in magnitude as well as in direction barring few exceptions. Undesirable positive heterosis was found on medulation percentage for all types of combinations involving three breeds. Comparison of least squares means of various genetic groups revealed that both two breed and three breed crosses were superior to the Nali breed for all wool quality traits. Fibre diameter of MN crossbreds was significantly less than CN crossbreds. Results also indicated that as the inheritance of Nali breed in a cross is decreased, the medulation percentage decreases which is desirable. Inter se mating of crossbreds (two breed, three breed) has not resulted in a decline in the wool quality traits. These results indicate that the synthetic population derived from three breeds can be stabilized easily for wool traits as there may not be epistatic loss on subsequent inter se mating of crossbreds.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.730-738
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• 2010

We developed predictive growth models for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus on various food matrices consisting primarily of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods. A cocktail of three S. aureus strains, producing enterotoxins A, C, and D, or a B. cereus strain, were inoculated on sliced bread, cooked rice, boiled Chinese noodles, boiled bean sprouts, tofu, baked fish, smoked chicken, and baked hamburger patties at an initial concentration of 3 log CFU/g and stored at 8, 10, 13, 17, 24, and $30^{\circ}C$. Growth kinetic parameters were determined by the Gompertz equation. The square-root and Davey models were used to determine specific growth rate and lag time values, respectively, as a function of temperature. Model performance was evaluated based on bias and accuracy factors. S. aureus and B. cereus growth were most delayed on sliced bread. Overall, S. aureus growth was significantly (p<0.05) more rapid on animal protein foods than carbohydrate-based foods and vegetable protein foods. The fastest growth of S. aureus was observed on smoked chicken. B. cereus growth was not observed at 8 and $10^{\circ}C$. B. cereus growth was significantly (p<0.05) more rapid on vegetable protein foods than on carbohydrate-based foods. The secondary models developed in this study showed suitable performance for predicting the growth of S. aureus and B. cereus on various food matrices consisting of RTE foods.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.75-99
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze animal behavioral changes and related neurobiological mechanisms in recent studies using animal models with pain and depression. Methods : We conducted database search in Pubmed, NDSL, and EMBASE up to January 2021. Included studies were classified as depression-like behavior observed in pain model, pain-like behavior observed in depression model, and pain and depression comorbidity model. The results of pain- and depression-like behaviors, the changes of neurobiological mechanisms, and the treatment methods such as drugs, natural substance-derived chemicals, or acupuncture were analyzed. Results : We included 124 studies (81 studies in depression-like behavior observed in pain model, 19 studies in pain-like behavior observed in depression model, and 24 studies in pain and depression comorbidity model). Pain and depression comorbidity animal models were induced using various methods by drugs or surgery. Von frey test, a method for evaluating mechanical allodynia was the most commonly used for measuring pain-like behavior and the forced swimming test was the most commonly used for measuring depression-likes behavior. The changes of neurobiological factors, such as decrease of 5-hydroxytryptamine and increase of oxidative stress and pro-inflammation cytokines were generally changed in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and spinal cord in all types of models. For treating pain and depression-like behaviors, various types of drugs such as antidepressant, tranquilizer, analgesic, and natural substance-derived chemicals were used. Acupuncture treatment was used in 4 studies. Conclusions : In the future, more diverse studies on the combined model of pain and depression need to be conducted. In addition, it is necessary to establish a mechanistic basis for the development of various treatments by identifying the common mechanisms of pain and depression.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2020

As a preclinical study, many researchers have been attempted to convert the porcine PSCs into several differentiated cells with transplantation of the differentiated cells into the pigs. Here, we attempted to derive neuronal progenitor cells from pig embryonic germ cells (EGCs). As a result, neuronal progenitor cells could be derived directly from pig embryonic germ cells through the serum-free floating culture of EB-like aggregates (SFEB) method. Treating retinoic acid was more efficient for inducing neuronal lineages from EGCs rather than inhibiting SMAD signaling. The differentiated cells expressed neuronal markers such as PAX6, NESTIN, and SOX1 as determined by qRT-PCR and immunostaining. These data indicated that pig EGCs could provide valid models for human therapy. Finally, it is suggested that developing transgenic pig for disease models as well as differentiation methods will provide basic preclinical data for human regenerative medicine and lead to the success of stem cell therapy.