• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.338-342
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• 1996

Fodder rye(cv. Coolgrazer) was cultivated on paddy soils under different application rates of animal manures (CM=cow manures mixed with sawdust, SM=swine manure mixed with sawdust) during 1994-1995. Rice crop (CV. Geumo) was transplanted in the same plots after fodder rye. The effects of cattle manure application on the yield performance of rye and their influence to growth, yields and quality of rice were evaluated. Fodder rye produced larger plant growth and higher silage yield in the cattle manure application than in the chemical feltilizer (CF). Dry matter yields of rye silage were 3.08 ton(CF), 4.23 ton(CM) and 6.03 ton/ha(SM), respedively. Under heavy application of cattle manures plant height, number of tillers and grains per panicle were increased, but 1,000 grains weight and total yields of rice were decreased. Yields of brown rice were 5.20 ton(CF), 5.15 ton (CM) and 4.95 ton/ha(SM), respectively. Higher concentration of amylose was found in the heavy application of cattle manures. Amylose contents of rice were 16.8%(CF), 19.1%(CM) and 19.4%(SM).

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2017

Mineralization is an important biological process for conversion of organic nitrogen (N) to inorganic N which can be used by plants directly. To investigate the effect of different manures on soil mineralization, the soil amended with cattle (CtM), goat (GM), chicken manure (ChM) and pig slurry (PS) were incubated under in vitro condition and ammonium N ($NH_4{^+}-N$), ammonification rate and ammonia emission were determined for eighty-four days. $NH_4{^+}-N$ was the highest in PS-amended soil for the whole experimental period. $NH_4{^+}-N$ in PS-amended soil was gradually decreased until day 84, whereas it was rapidly decreased for the first 14 days and then slightly increased until 84 days in ChM-, CtM- and GM-amended soil. The ammonification rate showed negative value for the first 14 days in all treatments. From day 14, ammonification rate started to increase in CtM- and ChM-amended soil, whereas it was maintained in GM- and PS-amended soil until day 84. The daily ammonia emission was the highest in PS-amended soil ($41mg\;kg^{-1}d^{-1}$), followed by CtM-, ChM-, and GM-amended soil at day 1. It was gradually decreased until day 84 in all treatments. The total $NH_3$ emission was the highest in PS-amended soil with $0.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ for 84 days, while less than $0.1mg\;kg^{-1}$ in three other plots. These results indicate that different manures showed different soil ammonification rate and $NH_3$ emission.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2012

본 조사연구는 충남의 번식돈과 비육돈 농장을 포함한 전업규모 100개 양돈장을 대상으로 경영관리 실태와 분뇨처리 시스댐을 조사 분석하여 합리적인 경영관리 지표설정과 적정 분뇨처리시스템 모델 개발에 필요한 기초척 자료를 얻고자 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째는, 양돈장 경영관리중 평균 전문컨설팅 참여는 1년에 "4.56회"를 받는 것으로 조사되었고, 농장별 및 경력층간에는 유의한 차이없이 비슷한 수준으로 교육참여횟수를 보였다. 백신예방접종프로그램은 5점 만점 중 "3.86점"으로 보통이상 수준이었다. 번식돈과 비육돈 농장간에는 유의한 차이를 보였는데, 번식돈 농장이 4.13점으로 비육돈 농장 3.63점 보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 우수한 성적을 보였다. 방역위생관리는 평균 "3.27점"으로 보통수준으로 관리되고 있으며, 농장간에는 번식돈농장이 3.50점으로 비육돈 농장 3.07점 보다 유의하게(p<0.01) 양호한 관리상태를 보였다. 자금관리는 평균 "2.82점"으로 보통 이하 수준으로 운영되고 있어 사업계획이나 자금경영관리를 연간수요에 따라 집행되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 기술력 보유수준은 평균 "3.21점"으로 보통이상의 수준으로 평가 되었는데, 장차 축산국가와의 FTA 등에 대비한 기술 경쟁력확보에 최선을 다해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 둘째는, 양돈장에서 경쟁력 강화분야로는 "돼지의 질병과 치료"를 가장 희망하였고(43.4%), 그 다음은 친환경 생산관리(37.4%) 기술을 더욱 강화해야 할 것으로 뽑고 있었다. 셋째는, 양돈장의 분뇨수거시스템은 대부분의 농장에서 "슬러리시스템(44.0%)과 스크래퍼법(43.0%)"으로 돼지분뇨를 수거하는 것으로 조사되었는데, 농장여건에 따라 적절한 수거 시스템을 설치하여 활용하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 사료된다. 넷째는, 돼지 분뇨처리는 많은 농장에서 "수거후 경지환원"을 가장 많이 이용(32.3%)하는 것으로 나타나, 분뇨의 저장기간, 온도, 방법 등 효율적인 처리방법과 적정 작목선정을 통한 경지환원이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로는 친환경 자연순환시스템으로 경지에 환원하여 지력보전과 함께 우량 경종작물이 성장 할 수 있도록 자연순환형 분뇨처리와 이용 시스템이 구축되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2005

우리나라 최남단에 위치한 제주도에 가장 많이 분포하고 있는 화산회 밭 토양과 비화산회 밭 토양에 가축분 퇴비를 0, 50, 100, 150 ton/ha 해당량을 시용한 후 토양 부식의 함량 변화를 조사하여 문제점을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 부식의 분포도는 화산회 토양은 대부분 A type이었으며 일부 밭토양에서 B type에 속하여 화산회 토양은 부식화가 진행되었음을 알 수 있었으며 비화산회 밭토양은 대부분 Rp, B type으로 존재하여 동일한 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 질산태 질소 함량과 부식함량과의 관계는 화산회 토양은 $R^2=0.5263$, 비화산회 양은 $R^2=0.524$의 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 탄소의 함량과 부식 함량과의 관계는 화산회 토양은 $R^2=0.469$, 비화산회 밭 토양은 $R^2=0.550$의 정의 상관관계를 보이고 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2017

In order to compare greenhouse gases emission from different animal manures and to explore how different animal manures effect on soil mineralization, three kinds of materials, cattle, goat and chicken manure were amended to soil for 14 days incubation as CtS (cattle manure-amended soil), GS (goat manure-amended soil) and ChS (chicken manure-amended soil). Cumulative $NH_3$ emissions in all treatments were rapidly increased until day 7 and then it was slightly increased in three manure-amended soils but maintained in control until day 14. GS had the highest $NH_3$ emission at $0.14mg\;kg^{-1}$ during the entire experimental period. Emissions of $CO_2$ were highly increased by 7.8-, 9.0- and 12.4-fold in CtS, GS and ChS, respectively, compared to control at day 14. A significant increase of $N_2O$ emission in all treatments occurred within 5 days and then it was slightly increased until day 14. $N_2O$ emission was 2-fold higher in all manure-amended soils than that of control. Compared to day 1, inorganic N ($NH_4{^+}$ plus $NO_3{^-}-N$) content was highly increased in all four treatments at day 14. The increase rate was the highest in CtS treatment. Net N mineralization was increased by 4.0-, 2.4- and 2.9-fold in CtS, GS and ChS, respectively, compared to control. These results indicate that increase of $NH_3$, $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ gas emissions was positively related to high N mineralization.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2007

Odors from manures are a major problem for livestock production. The most significant odorous compounds in animal manure a.e volatile fatty acids(VFAs). This work reviews the VFAs from the anaerobic sequencing biofilm batch reactor(ASBBR), anaerobic sequencing batch reactor(ASBR), solid compost batch reactor(SCBR), and aerobic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) associated with the animal manure biological treatment. First, we describe and quantify VFAs from animal manure biological treatment and discuss biofiltration for odor control. Then we review certain fundamentals aspects about Anaerobic and aerobic SBR, composting of animal manure, manure compost biofilter for odorous VFAs control, SBR for nitrogen removal, and ASBR for animal wastewater treatment systems considered important for the resource recovery and air quality. Finally, we present an overview for the future needs and current experience of the biological systems engineering for animal manure management and odor control.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2002

본 연구는 가축분 퇴비시용에 따른 토양중 양분행동 양상을 구명하기 위하여 직경 30 cm 높이 1 m의 PVC pot에 화산회 토양과 비화산회 토양을 충진하고 표토 20 cm 깊이로 우분 부숙퇴비, 돈분 부숙퇴비 및 계분 부숙퇴비를 0, 50, 100, 150 ton/ha 해당량을 시용한 후 210일차에 토양을 분석하여 가축분 퇴비 처리에 따른 토양의 EC와 질산태질소 함량 및 유효인산의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 가축분 부숙퇴비의 시용은 토양중 EC를 증가 시켰는데 계분 부숙퇴비는 시용량이 증가할수록 현저하게 증가하였다. 2. 가축분 퇴비의 시용에 따른 질산태질소의 함량 증가량은 계분 부숙퇴비는 시용량이 증가함에 따라 현저하게 증가한 반면 우분 부숙퇴비 및 돈분 부숙퇴비는 완만하게 증가하였다. 3. 유효인산의 함량변화는 화산회 토양의 경우 가축분 퇴비의 시용량이 증가하여도 인산 함량의 변화는 거의 없었으나 비화산회 밭 토양의 경우는 가축분 퇴비의 시용으로 인산함량이 증가하였는데 특히 계분 부숙퇴비는 시용량이 증가함에 따라 현저하게 증가하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Animal manures are one of the biggest sources of greenhouse gases and improper manage-ment of animal wastes contributes to the increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Con-verting greenhouse gases generated from animal manures to energy is one way of contributing to the net-zero carbon emissions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The potential for methane production from cow manure (CM) was studied by measuring the methane yield using the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. In particular, the effect of co-digestion using rice straw (RM) on the methane production was studied. The methane yields from the co-digestion of CM and RS were statistically similar to that from the mono-digestion of CM or RS. But there was a synergy effect at the CM:RS ratio of 1:2 and 1:1. This can be attributed to the increased C/N ratio. The changed microbial community structure with the addition of substrates (CM, RS) probably led to the increase in the methane produc-tion. CONCLUSION(S): The methane production potential of the particular CM used in this study was not improved by the addition of RS as a co-substrate. The addition of substrates to the anaerobic sludge promoted the increase in the microbial species having synergetic relationship with methano-gens, and this can partially explain the increase in the methane production with the addition of substrates. Overall, there are needs for further studies to improve the methane yield from CM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.199-215
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• 1992

Sources of organic waste materials for aerobic and/or anaerobic degradation, or for composting of solid wastes in Germany were estimated. The basic microbiology and the energetics of these processes were compared with special emphasis on anaerobic degradation, for which a general degradation scheme of carbohydrates is presented. Advantages of anaerobic over aerobic treatment processes are pointed out and conditions for maintaining a highly stable anaerobic process as well as producing a sanitized, hygienic product are discussed. Reactor systems suitable for efficient treatment of wastes with a high or low proportion of suspended solids are principally compared and results of laboratory studies on the degradation of several wastes and animal manures summarized. Finally, a piggery slurry treatment factory for an ultimate slurry processing to obtain a dry fertilizer and a harmless, disposable liquid, as it is in operation in Helmond/Holland, is presented and preliminary process data are presented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.667-674
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• 1999

Intensive livestock production has increased dramatically in Europe since the 1960s, particularly. in Northern and Central European countries, resulting in large increases in the nutrient pollution of surface and ground waters and in atmospheric emissions of ammonia. This has arisen due to inadequate management of the large amounts manure produced, particularly where there has been insufficient land area used for efficient nutrient reuse in crop production. Nutrient pollution from intensive livestock production has progressively degraded the quality of water resources in many parts of Europe, with eutrophication of many inland and coastal waters, as well as soil acidification and ecosystem degradation. These problems have been known for many years, and although there are various international agreements on transboundary pollution, it is largely left to individual countries to set and enforce standards. Consequently, a number of different approaches are employed, although the common feature of these is to encourage farmers to use the nutrients in animal manures efficiently according to crop requirements, which also reduces the potential for accumulation in soil and subsequent loss to the environment. This paper reviews nutrient production and use in Europe and some of the strategies employed to avoid and reduce nutrient pollution.