• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.284-286
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• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1736-1744
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• 2008

Two experiments were conducted in central Vietnam to test the hypothesis that supplementation with a concentrate, comprising rice bran (45% fresh basis), maize (49%), fish meal (3%), urea (2%) and salt (1%), up to 2% of live weight (LW)/d (dry matter (DM) basis) would linearly increase digestible organic matter intake and LW gain of yellow cattle. In both experiments, there were five treatments, namely a basal diet of fresh grass fed at 1.25% of LW (experiment 1, elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum; experiment 2, native grass) and rice straw (Oryza sativa) fed ad libitum or this diet supplemented with concentrate at about 0.3, 0.7, 1.3 or 2.0% LW. There were 4 male growing cattle per treatment in experiment 1 and 3 in experiment 2. Diets were fed for 44 (experiment 1) or 49 (experiment 2) days, with feed intake recorded daily, LW measured about weekly and digestibility measurements made over 7 days commencing on day 24 (experiment 1) or day 10 (experiment 2). The elephant grass and native grass had neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentrations of 82 and 73% DM, and nitrogen concentrations of 1.3 and 1.8% DM, respectively. The rice straw used had a NDF concentration of 79-84% DM and nitrogen concentration of 0.8% DM. The concentrate had NDF and nitrogen concentrations of 33 and 2.8% DM. In both experiments, DM intake increased (p<0.001) linearly as the amount of concentrate consumed increased. Rice straw intake declined (p<0.001) (experiment 1: 1.24 to 0.48 kg DM/d; experiment 2: 0.95 to 0.50 kg DM/d) as concentrate intake increased. Grass intake was not significantly affected by concentrate intake in either experiment. The lowest amount of concentrate supplement increased forage intake, after which substitution rate increased as the amount of concentrate consumed increased. However, substitution rates at the highest amount of concentrate consumed were modest at 0.3 to 0.5 kg DM reduction in forage intake/kg DM supplement consumed. In both experiments, digestible organic matter intake increased linearly (p<0.001) (experiment 1: 1.16 to 2.38 kg/d; experiment 2: 1.30 to 2.49 kg/d) as the amount of supplement consumed increased, as did LW gain (experiment 1: 0.15 to 0.81 kg/d; experiment 2: 0.15 to 0.77 kg/d). This was associated with significant (p<0.01) linear increases in organic matter intake and apparent organic matter digestibility. Neutral detergent fibre digestibility declined as concentrate intake increased, but the effect was not significant (p = 0.051) in experiment 2. These results are discussed in relation to existing literature and potential to improve the profitability of cattle fattening in central Vietnam.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.255-259
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• 1996

A study was carried out to investigate the action of central L-pheylalanine (Phe) and L-tyrosine (Tyr) on food intake of the chicken. In the first trial, Phe ($200{\mu}g/10{\mu}l$) or saline was acutely administered into the right lateral ventricle (i.c.v.) of chickens (5 birds per each group). Birds (4 birds per each group) were administered with the i.c.v. Tyr ($200{\mu}g/10{\mu}l$) or saline in the second trial. The brains of the birds were removed for catecholamine assy 30 min postadministration. Catecholamine concentrations were measured at specific sites of the brain (LH: lateral hypothalamus, PVN: paraventricular nucleus, and VMH: ventromedial hypothalamus). No significant effect of amino acids on the concentration of norepinephrine of brain sites investigated was detected. Food intake and rectal body temperature were also monitored for 6 h after central administrations of Phe, Tyr or saline (5 birds per each group). Both Phe and Tyr, up to $1mg/10{\mu}l$, failed to modulate food intake or rectal body temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1395-1399
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary fat inclusion on nutrient intake, body weight, milk production, return to estrus, pregnancy and lambing of winter-lambing, postpartum Awassi ewes. Thirty multiparous, winter-lambing Awassi ewes (body weight=51${\pm}$7.0 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (n=10) for 62 days using a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous, and were formulated to contain 0 (CON), 2.5 (MF), and 5% (HF) added fat, and 33% of the dietary crude protein (CP) as undegradable intake protein (UIP). On day 26 postpartum (day 0=parturition), ewes and their lambs were housed in individual pens for 28 days. Feed offered and refused was recorded daily. At the end of this period, ewes and their lambs within each treatment were combined into one group and fed their respective diet ad libitum. One fertile Awassi ram fitted with a marking harness was allowed with each group for 34 days. No significant (p>0.05) differences in dry matter intake, organic matter intake, and crude protein intake were observed for ewes fed the three experimental diets. No difference was observed in metabolizable energy intake (MEI) for ewes fed the CON and the MF diets (average 8.3 Mcal/d) diet. However, ewes fed the HF diet had greater(p<0.05) MEI compared with the rest of the treatments. Ewe body weights increased throughout the study, unaffected by the experimental diets. No significant differences in milk production were found among ewes fed the three experimental diets. No significant differences were observed in pregnancy rate (6/10, 5/10, 6/10 for CON, MF and HF diets, respectively), lambing rate and the number of lambs per ewe among the three treatments. postpartum reproductive performance of well-fed, winter-lambing Awassi ewes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1742-1747
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• 2016

A $2{\times}5$ factorial experiment, using 2 dietary methionine levels (0.28% and 0.48%) and 5 dietary choline levels (0, 394, 823, 1,239, and 1,743 mg/kg), was conducted to study the effects of dietary methionine status on choline requirements of starter white Pekin ducks from 7 to 28 days of age. Four hundred eighty 7-d-old male White Pekin ducks were randomly allotted to ten dietary treatments, each containing 6 replicate pens with 8 birds per pen. At 28 d of age, weight gain, feed intake, and feed/gain were measured and the legs of all ducks from each pen were examined for incidence of perosis. Perosis and growth depression were observed in choline-deficient ducks and supplementation of choline reduced perosis and significantly increased weight gain and feed intake regardless of dietary methionine levels (p<0.05). In addition, significant positive effects of dietary methionine supplementation on weight gain, feed intake, and feed/gain were observed at any choline level (p<0.05). Supplementation of 1,743 mg/kg choline in diets alleviated the depression of weight gain and feed intake caused by methionine deficiency at 0.28% methionine level. The interaction between choline and methionine influenced weight gain and feed intake of ducks (p<0.05). At 0.28% methionine level, 1,743 mg/kg choline group caused 4.92% and 3.23% amount of improvement in weight gain and feed intake compared with 1,239 mg/kg choline group, respectively. According to the broken-line regression, the choline requirements of starter Pekin ducks for weight gain and feed intake were 1,472 and 1,424 mg/kg at 0.28% methionine level and 946 and 907 mg/kg at 0.48% methionine level, respectively. It suggested the choline recommendations of starter Pekin ducks on a semi-purified diet were 1448 mg/kg at 0.28% methionine level and 927 mg/kg at 0.48% methionine level, respectively. Compared with the adequate methionine level, menthionine deficiency markedly increased the choline requirements of ducks.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2001

The dietary vitamin $B_6$ intake of 218 Korean young women (aged 20-26y), who had no health problems, and their sources were estimated using a modified Korean vitamin $B_6$ database. The average daily vitamin $B_6$ intake was 0.987 mg for the subjects. About 87.2% of the subjects consumed less than the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin $B_6$. The average ratio of vitamin $B_6$ intake to daily protein intake was 0.014 mg/g protein, and approximately 91% of subjects consumed 〈 0.02 mg/g protein. Vitamin $B_6$ intake was significantly (p〈.01 -p〈.001) positively correlated to the intakes of all other nutrients. Between animal and vegetable protein, animal protein had a stronger positive correlation with vitamin $B_6$. Major dietary sources of vitamin $B_6$, the top 10 foods provided nearly 64% of total vitamin $B_6$, and dietary contributors of vitamin $B_6$ for Koreans are less varied than those for Americans.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.597-604
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• 2020

Exposure to heat stress (HS) has negative effects on pig production and health. Plasma concentrations of amino acids (AAs) can be used as indicators of HS. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of acute HS on feed intake, water drink, and plasma AAs in pigs. A total of 6 growing pigs (n = 6, 3 boars and 3 gilts) were raised in thermal neutral (TN; 25℃) conditions for the 5-d adaptation period as a control. After the adaptation, pigs were exposed to HS at 33℃ (HS33) for 24 h. All the pigs were fed the same diet formulated to meet or exceed predicted requirements during the whole experimental period. Blood samples were collected after the adaptation and heat treatment to verify the AAs. Measurements were the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily water intake (ADWI), water loss, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitrate, total nitric oxide, and AAs in the plasma samples. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM of SAS. HS33 had a lower ADFI (p < 0.05) and a tendency for an increased ADWI and water loss compared to TN. The level of TNF-α was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in HS33. HS33 had a lower concentration of histidine and sarcosine compared to TN; however, there were no differences in the levels of nitrates and total nitric oxide. In conclusion, the results of this study show the differential effect of HS on the plasma concentration of AAs. We expect that the changed AAs could be potential indicators of HS.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1994

From the reports of the Korean National Nutrition Survey, the trend of fat intake was analyzed from 1969 to 1991. Total fat intake of 1991 was 2.1 times higher than that of 1,969 and animal fat intake was elevated 3.2 times during 23years. Among vegetable foods, the consumption of cereals and their products was decreased gradually, however, the amount of legumes and their products intake was increased slowly. In addition, among animal foods, the intakes of meats and their products, eggs, fishes and shellfishes, milk and milk products were increased greatly. the main fat source was gradually changed form cereals and their products in 1969 to meats and their products in 1991. In 1969, 7.2% of total energy was derived from fat wheres 16.6% was derived from fat whereas 16.6% was derived from fat in 1991. Among 1,952 households surveyed in 1991, the fat intakes of 576(29.4%) and 104(5.3%) households were over 20 and 30%, respectively, of total energy intake. The 42.7% of the households had more than 50% of the total fat from animal fat. From the above results, it is suggested that the nutrition education program is need to prevent excess fat intake.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

This study investigated the effects of a healthy image on the preference and intake frequency of meat and animal products. The study looked into beef, pork, chicken, sausage, mackerel, cutlass fish, croaker, tuna, squid, shrimp, clams, fish cakes, eggs, milk, yogurt, ice cream, and cheese. A total of 359 usable surveys given to elementary school students, college students, and adults were collected using a convenient sampling method. While milk had the healthiest image, sausage had the least healthy image. The respondents preferred yogurt the most and sausage the least. The intake frequency of eggs was the highest and clams the lowest. The healthy image, preference, and intake frequency for all studied foods showed significant differences across both gender and age. The relationship between healthy image and preference was significant for all foods, and a healthy image always had a positive influence on preference. The relationship of healthy image and intake frequency was significant in 14 foods except for mackerel, cutlass fish, and tuna. Also a healthy image created a positive effect on the intake frequency of 14 foods.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2016

사료이용 측면에서 유지 및 성장에 필요한 섭취량과 체내에 이용되지 않은 섭취량으로 구분할 수 있으며, 체내에 이용되지 않은 섭취량을 잔류사료섭취량(Residual Feed Intake; RFI)이라 한다. 본 실험은 국내 종돈의 RFI 유전모수를 추정하기 위해 2001년부터 2014년까지 태어난 Duroc종 8,696두의 검정자료를 활용하였다. 일당증체량과 RFI의 육종가 상관관계는 -0.2로 음의 상관으로 조사되었는데(P>0.01), RFI를 낮추면 일당증체량 개량에도 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. 회귀추정 방식에 따른 RFI1(일당증체량)과 RFI2(일당증체량, 등지방두께)의 유전력은 각각 0.37, 0.45로 고도의 유전력을 나타내었다. 향후 국내에서도 개체단위 사료섭취량 측정으로 추정된 RFI를 개량에 활용한다면 농가 수익 개선에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.