• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.633-640
• /
• 2008

With a double mismatch primer set designed for amplifying the modified DNA sequence fragments, bovine melanocortin-1 receptor(MC1R) gene encoded in Extension locus which plays a critical role in coat color development was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction mediated restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Amplified PCR fragments were successfully discriminated with combining the MspI- and AluI-RFLP into three major alleles(ED, E+, and e), directly related to bovine coat color phenotypes. The genotyping results showed that Jeju black cattle contained three MC1R alleles, but yellowish-red colored Hanwoo and bridle colored Korean Brindle cattle did not contained the dominant black allele ED. However, two dominant black-colored cattle breeds, Holstein and Angus, contained the ED allele over 96% in frequency. Hanwoo×Holstein F1 and Hanwoo×Angus F1 crossbred calves showed ED/e MC1R genotypes, and uniformly black coat color. the results suggested that this MC1R genotyping method be useful in allele discrimination for bovine MC1R gene which used for breed classification and characterization, as one of the important genetic markers, using combination of MspI- and AluI-RFLP for modified PCR product amplified with a newly designed double mismatch primer set.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.261-266
• /
• 1992

Yearling replacement heifers were used in a two-year study at the Fort Stanton Experimental Ranch near Capitan, New Mexico, USA to compare frequency (once versus three times weekly) of feeding a cottonseed cake supplement. The study involved periods of 130 days (January 4 through May 14) in 1985, and 146 days (December 4 through April 29) in 1986. In each year, supplemental periods were just before the breeding season (natural breeding in multiple-sire groups) that lasted for 75 days during first year and 60 days during second year. During the first year, all (83) heifers (Angus $\times$ Hereford) were supplemented at a level equivalent to 45 kg/head daily and during second year, all (69) heifers (Angus $\times$ Hereford, Hereford) were fed at a level equivalent to .68 kg/head daily. In the first year, heifers were sorted by initial weight into two replications, i.e., those weighing under 223 kg were placed in replicate 1 and those weighing over 223 kg were placed in replicate 2. During the second year, heifers were sorted by breed into two replications, i.e., Angus $\times$ Hereford heifers were placed in replicate 1 and Hereford heifers in replicate 2. Each year, half of the heifers in each replication were supplemented once weekly and the other half three time weekly. Weight gains of heifers were similar for the two treatments over both years of study. During the first year, weight gains for heifers supplemented once or thrice weekly (.23 vs .21 kg daily, respectively) did not differ (p>.05) and the same trend for the second year (.15 vs .16 kg daily, respectively) was observed. Similarly, breeding performance was consistent with weight gains and no difference (p>.05) between treatments was observed either year. Lower conception rates during the second tear of study (92 vs 72% for years 1 and 2, respectively) were due mainly to involvement of Hereford heifers that had an average weight of 232 kg at the start of breeding season and conception rate of 54% (averaged across both supplemental treatments). Based on the combined results of both trials, frequency of supplementation did not affect growth rate of yearling heifers nor did it influence their subsequent conception rate.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.09a
• /
• pp.36-36
• /
• 2004

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.515-518
• /
• 2003

Six mature purebred Angus cows ($3.5{\pm}1.5$ years of age, $631.36{\pm}8.63kg$), three pregnant ($250{\pm}7$ days pregnant) and three non-pregnant and eight mature Suffolk ewes ($5{\pm}1.2$ years of age, $68.18{\pm}2.3kg$) four pregnant $115{\pm}5$ days pregnant) and four nonpregnant were utilized in a five-day metabolic trial to determine the effects of gestational status (pregnant vs. non-pregnant) on apparent absorption and retention of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Animals were selected based on body weight, age, and gestational status, and randomly assigned to metabolic crates for total fecal and urine collection. Animals were allowed to acclimate to their new environment for seven days. Pregnant and non-pregnant cows and ewes were then paired (within a species) by body weight and pair-fed throughout the 5 day collection period. Copper and Zn intakes were similar for pregnant and non-pregnant animals within a species. Apparent absorption of Cu (p<0.06) and Zn (p<0.04) were higher in pregnant cows relative to non-pregnant cows. Pregnant cows also had a higher apparent retention of Cu (p<0.05) and Zn (p<0.06) relative to non-pregnant cows. Pregnant ewes had a higher (p<0.01) apparent absorption and retention of Zn compared to non-pregnant ewes. However, apparent absorption and retention of Cu were similar for pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. These data indicate that certain physiological and/or metabolic parameters are altered in pregnant cows and ewes consuming an alfalfa-based diet that enhance the apparent absorption and retention of certain trace minerals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.419-426
• /
• 1992

After the virtual eradication of cattle during World War II, Papua New Guinea herds were rebuilt with Shorthorn and Aberdeen Angus cattle from Australia. These, and Red Sindhi and Sahiwal, imported in 1952, were considered unsuitable breeds. In 1954, Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries imported three Brahman bulls and three heifers from Texas and in 1960 began importations of Afrikaner from Queensland. In Central Province, Brahmans were crossed with Angus and at Erap (Morobe) the hottest place in Papua New Guinea, Shorthorns were crossed with Afrikaners. In 1965, Brahman and Brahman-cross were sent to Erap. Records of breeding and growth rates were collected for use in upgrading in cattle of the basis of performance, not pedigree. The data are not ideal for genetic analysis, since no control groups were maintained. Birth weights (BWT), weaning weights (WWT) and calving intervals (CI) were analysed for the period 1969-1978. After exclusion of unsatisfactory data, 2,514 calf records were used, including both breeds from 1969 to 1973, but only Brahman-cross subsequently. Breed mean BWT ranged only from 30.6 to 33.8 kg. As Brahman content increased, BWT decreased and WWT increased; within a genotype, there was a negative maternal effect of high Brahman content on BWT and a positive effect on WWT which ranged from 138 to 174 kg. Afrikaner calves had heavier BWT but lighter WWT. As expected, bulls were heaviest, heifers lightest and mature cows bore and reared heavier calves. Calving interval (405 days, equivalent to 90% calving) was unaffected by breed but 4-year old cows averaged 423 days. Breed differences in BWT and WWT are consistent with the body of literature on performance of Brahmans and Afrikaners. Since cattle tick are not present and internal parasites are insignificant at Erap, the superiority of Brahmans indicates that they were better at utilizing the mediocre quality grazing of the Markham Valley or were more heat tolerant. Performance selection over ten years resulted in the virtual elimination of Afrikaners, with the final genotype approximately 9/16 Brahman, 3/8 Shorthorn and 1/16 Afrikaner.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.251-257
• /
• 1996

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs), as haloperidol, ore metabolized in the cytochrome P450IID6. They can cause inhibition of metabolism of antipsychotics to elevate the serum level of antipsychotics and exacerbate the extrapyramidal symptoms when co-administered with antipsychotics. Among these SSRIs, there ore a few studies about paroxetine compared to fluoxetine or sertraline. In this study, we have intended to know the drug interaction of paroxetine and haloperidol when co-administered two drugs for the chronic schizophrenics by assessing the changes of positive, negative symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms. for this purpose, we selected 29 subjects, the chronic schizophrenics with no physical problems. They were under maintenance therapy of haloperidol. They ore randomly assigned to placebo group(n=12) and drug group(n=17) by using double blind method. And then, placebo or paroxetine 20mg were administered to the subjects of each groups during 8 week period. We have assessed their psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Hamilton Rating Scale lor Depression(HRSD), Simpson-Angus Scale at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks and serum haloperidol, reduced haloperidol levels at 0, 4, 8 weeks during the period. The results ore analysed by using repeated measure MANOVA. 27 subjects have completed the study during 8 weeks. among the subjects, 1) PANSS, HRSD ; no significant difference between groups. 2) Simpson-Angus Scale ; no significant change according to the time and no significant difference between the groups(no group and time effect). 3) Haloperidol and reduced haloperidol level ; no significant change. When co-administered paroxetine and haloperidol, there ore no significant changes of the psychopothology and no significant changes of the extrapyramidal symptoms. In this result, paroxetine seems to be not to affect the metabolism of haloperidol.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.441-448
• /
• 1994

Postweaning performance data were obtained on 187 group fed purebred Angus calves from 12 selected sires (six high and six low feed conversion sires) in 1985 and 1986. The objective of this portion of the study was to develop prediction equations for feed conversion from a stepwise regression analysis. Variables measured were on-test weight (ONTSTWT), on-test age (ONTSTAG), five weights by 28-d periods, seven linear body measurements: heart girth (HG), hip height (HH), head width (HDW), head length (HDL), muzzle circumference (MC), length between hooks and pins (HOPIN) and length between shoulder and hooks (SHHO), and backfat thickness (BF). Stepwise regressions for maintenance adjusted feed conversion (ADJFC) and unadjusted feed conversion (UNADFC) over the first 140 d of the test, and total feed conversion (FC) until progeny reached 8.89 mm of back fat were obtained separately by conversion groups and sexes and for combined feed conversion groups and sexes. In general, weights were more important than linear body measurements in prediction of feed utilization. To some extent this was expected as weight is related directly to gain which is a component of feed conversion. Weight at 112 d was the most important variable in prediction of feed conversion when data from both feed conversion groups and sexes were combined. Weights at 84 and 140 d were important variables in prediction of UNADFC and FC, respectively, of bulls. ONTSTWT and weight at 140 d had the highest standardized partial regression coefficients for UNADFC and ADJFC, respectively, of heifers. Results indicated that linear measurements, such as MC, HDL and HOPIN, are useful in prediction of feed conversion when feed in takes are unavailable.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.435-440
• /
• 1994

Postweaning performance data were obtained on 401 group fed purebred Angus calves from 24 selected sires (12 high and 12 low feed conversion sires) from 1983 through 1986 at the Northwestern Branch of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. The objective of this study was to determine the interrelationships between body measurements and 140-d feed conversion (feed/gain) adjusted for maintenance (ADJFC), 140-d feed conversion unadjusted for maintenance (UNADFC) and feed conversion measured until progeny reached 8.89 mm of backfat (FC). Variables measured at the completion of the 140-d postweaning period included hip peight (HH), chest depth (CD), chest width (CW), head width (HDW), head length (HDL), heart girth (HG), muzzle circumference (MC), backfat thickness (BF), length between hooks aod pins (HOPIN) and length between shoulder and hooks (SHHO). Measurements were taken from progeny born from 1983 through 1986 for HH and BF, while others, except chest measurements (CD and CW), which were available only in 1985, were taken from progeny born in 1985 and 1986. Negative phenotypic correlations were found for UNADFC, ADJFC and FC. respectively, with HG (-0.76, -0.65 and -0.85), HOPIN (-0.05, -0.28 and -0.09), HDL (-0.63, -0.66 and -0.57), MC (-0.12, -0.35 and - 0.25), HH (-0.38, -0.29 and -0.001), BF(-0.29, -0.31 and -0.12) and CW (-0.03, -0.35 and -0.58). In general, fatter animals with larger HG, longer HDL and greater MC had better feed conversion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.473-478
• /
• 1990

This survey was conducted to observe the prevalence of blood parasites in slaughtered cattle included Korean native cattle, Charolias, Hereford, Aberdeenangus and Holstein breeds in the Western area of Kyeongnam. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The prevalence of T sergenti was shown 71.8% as 395 heads of a total of 550 heads examined and from Jaunary to November the monthly prevalence of T sergenti was shown the range of 61.1% to 84% except 38.5% in December. The other blood parasites included Babesia and Anaplasma were not detected from the blood samples except Setaria spp microfilariae. 2. The distribution of parasitaemia levels of T sergenti in positive cattle was shown 93.9% in the range of 1~10/1000 rbc, 4.1% in 11~20, 1.3% in 21~30 and 0.8% above the range of 31. 3. The pervalence of T sergenti by breeds of slaughtered cattle was shown 71.2% in Korean native cattle, 72.7% in Charolias, 78.3% in Hereford and 81. 8% in others (Aberdeen-angus and Holstein) respectively. Also the parasitaemia levels in these cattle were shown higher levels in imported cattle included Charolias, Hereford, Aberdeen-angus and Holstein breeds comparing with Korean native cattle. 4. The prevalence of Setaria spp microfilariae in slaughtered cattle was shown 6.9% and by monthly prevalence of the parasite was shown higher in March, April and May compared with June, July, August and October. But in the winter season included January, February, November and December the parasite was not detected from the blood samples. 5. The distribution of parasitaemia levels of Setaria spp microfilariae per ml of blood was shown 65.8% in the range of 1~50, 13.2% in 51~100 and 10.5% in 101~200 and above the range of 201, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 2005

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) encoded by the coat color extension gene (E) plays a key role in the signaling pathway of melanin synthesis. The primers for the amplification of bovine MC1R gene were designed based on a bovine MC1R gene sequence (GenBank accession no. Y19103). A size of 483bp (482bp for Hanwoo) was amplified by PCR, digested with Hpa II restriction enzyme and electrophoresed in $1.5\%$ agarose gel. When the amplified DNA product (483 bp) was digested with Hpa II restriction enzyme, Hanwoo meat showed a single band of 482bp, whereas two fragments of 325bp and 158bp were detected in Holstein, Angus and meat of Hanwoo / Holstein cross cow having back coat color phenotype, respectively. The results of this experiment Indicate that new designed primers of bovine MCIR gene may be useful for identification of Hanwoo meat from Holstein, Black Angus and Hanwoo / Holstein cross cow meat.