• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.463-475
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• 2023

Tunnel construction activity, conducted mainly in mountains and within urban centres, causes soil settlement, thus requiring the relevant management of slopes and structures as well as evaluations of risk and stability. Accordingly, in this study we performed a three-dimensional finite element analysis to examine the behaviour of piles and pile cap stability when a tunnel passes near the bottom of the foundation of a pile group connected by a pile cap. We examined the results via numerical analysis considering different conditions for reinforcement of the ground between the tunnel and the pile foundation. The numerical analysis assessed the angular distortion of the pile cap, pile settlement, axial force, shear stress, relative displacement, and volume loss due to tunnel excavation, and pile cap stability was evaluated based on Son and Cording's evaluation criterion for damage to adjacent structures. The pile located closest to the tunnel under the condition of no ground reinforcement exhibited pile head settlement approximately 70% greater than that of the pile located farthest from the tunnel under the condition of greatest ground reinforcement. Additionally, pile head settlement was greatest when the largest volume loss occurred, being approximately 18% greater than pile head settlement under the condition having the smallest volume loss. This paper closely examines the main factors influencing the behaviour of a pile group connected by a pile cap for three ground reinforcement conditions and presents an evaluation of pile cap stability.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11c
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• pp.1033-1036
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• 1998

In this research project, two aspects of small signal stability are studied: improvement in Hessenberg method to compute the dominant electromechanical oscillation modes and siting FACTS devices to damp the low frequency oscillation. Fourier transform of transient stability simulation results identifies the frequencies of the dominant oscillation modes accurately. Inverse transformation of the state matrix with complex shift equal to the angular speed determined by Fourier transform enhances the ability of Hessenberg method to compute the dominant modes with good selectivity and small size of Hessenberg matrix. Any specified convergence tolerance is achieved using the iterative scheme of Hessenberg method. Siting FACTS devices such as SVC, STACOM, TCSC, TCPR and UPFC has been studied using the eigen-sensitivity theory of augmented matrix. Application results of the improved Hessenberg method and eigen-sensitivity to New England 10-machine 39-bus and KEPCO systems are presented.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.985-992
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• 2005

Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) system prevents vehicle from spinning or drifting out mainly by braking intervention. Although a control threshold of conventional VSC is designed by vehicle characteristics and centered on average drivers, it can be a redundancy to expert drivers in critical driving conditions. In this study, a manual adaptation of VSC is investigated by changing the control threshold. A control threshold can be determined by phase plane analysis of side slip angle and angular velocity which is established with various vehicle speeds and steering angles. Since vehicle side slip angle is impossible to be obtained by commercially available sensors, a side slip angle is designed and evaluated with test results. By using the estimated value, phase plane analysis is applied to determine control threshold. To evaluate an effect of control threshold, we applied a 23-DOF vehicle nonlinear model with a vehicle planar motion model based sliding controller. Controller gains are tuned as the control threshold changed. A VSC with various control thresholds makes VSC more flexible with respect to individual driver characteristics.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.195-201
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• 2005

In conventional Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) System, a control threshold is designed by average driver characteristics. Despite the stabilizing effort, VSC causes redundancy to an expert driver. An advanced VSC which has flexibility on its control property is proposed in this study. By using lateral velocity estimator, a control threshold is determined on side slip angle and angular velocity phase plane. Vehicle planar motion model based sliding controller is modified with respect to various control thresholds. The performance of the proposed VSC algorithm has been investigated by human-in-the-loop simulation using a vehicle simulator. The simulation results show that the control threshold has to be determined with respect to the driver steering characteristics. A VSC with variable control thresholds would provide an improvement compared to a VSC with a constant threshold.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11b
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• pp.685-688
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• 1998

In this research project, two aspects of small signal stability are studied: improvement in Hessenberg method to compute the dominant electromechanical oscillation modes and siting FACTS devices to damp the low frequency oscillation. Fourier transform of transient stability simulation results identifies the frequencies of the dominant oscillation modes accurately. Inverse transformation of the state matrix with complex shift equal to the angular speed determined by Fourier transform enhances the ability of Hessenberg method to compute the dominant modes with good selectivity and small size of Hessenberg matrix. Any specified convergence tolerance is achieved using the iterative scheme of Hessenberg method. Siting FACTS devices such as SVC, STACOM, TCSC, TCPR and UPFC has been studied using the eigen-sensitivity theory of augmented matrix. Application results of the improved Hessenberg method and eigen-sensitivity to New England 10-machine 39-bus and KEPCO systems are presented.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.277-288
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• 2002

Influence of form errors of a chamber filled with a liquid on the movement and stability of a ball, rotating in the chamber, is studied. Two cases of the influence of the chamber form errors on the forces, acting on the ball, are defined. The first case describes the situation when limitations on the rotor shift are not imposed and disturbances of the chamber form are set by spherical harmonics not above the first order. In the second case disturbance of a chamber form is arbitrary and the rotor is supposed small. A rising here diflective moment tends to direct the angular speed vector along the small semiaxis of the ellipsoid, i.e., a stable position of the rotor appears.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.365-368
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• 1998

In this research project two aspects of small signal stability are studied: improvement in Hessenberg method to compute the dominant electromechanical oscillation modes and siting FACTS devices to damp the low frequency oscillation. Fourier transform of transient stability simulation results identifies the frequencies of the dominant oscillation modes accurately. Inverse transformation of the state matrix with complex shift equal to the angular speed determined by Fourier transform enhances the ability of Hessenberg method to compute the dominant modes with good selectivity and small size of Hessenberg matrix. Any specified convergence tolerance is achieved using the iterative scheme of Hessenberg method. Siting FACTS devices such as SVC, STACOM, TCSC, TCPR and UPFC has been studied using the eigen-sensitivity theory of augmented matrix. Application results of the improved Hessenberg method and eigen-sensitivity to New England 10-machine 39-bus and KEPCO systems are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.12
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• pp.1800-1807
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• 2018

In this paper, we study the gravitational perturbation of traversable wormhole spacetime, especially the Morris-Thorne wormhole spacetime, by using the linearized theory of gravity. We restrict our interest to the first order term and ignore the higher order terms. We assume that the perturbation is axisymmetric. We also assume that the time dependence follows the Fourier decomposition and the angular dependence is expressed in terms of the Legendre functions. As a result, we derive the gravitational perturbation equation of traversable wormhole in terms of a single linear second-order differential equation. As a consequence, we could analyze the unstability of the spacetime with the effective potentials. Furthermore, we consider the interaction between the external gravitational perturbation and the exotic matter, constituting traversable wormholes and its effect on the stability of traversable wormholes.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2016

Objective: The purposes of this study were to compare the kinematics of a two-arm kettlebell swing between experts and beginners and to identify the correct postures and biomechanical key points in an attempt to prevent sports injuries induced by a kettlebell swing. Methods: Four experts (height, $169.7{\pm}1.5cm$; weight, $70.5{\pm}1.8kg$; age, $32.0{\pm}1.0years$) licensed to teach kettlebell exercises and three beginners (height, $173.7{\pm}4.1cm$; weight, $78.3{\pm}3.8kg$; age, $30.0{\pm}1.4years$) with no kettlebell exercise experience participated in this study. Each participant performed 15 repetitions of a two-arm kettlebell swing using a 16-kg weight. Joint angles, angular velocities, and peak angular velocity sequences were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: Large ranges of motion (ROM) of the pelvic angle and hip joints were detected in the experts, while beginners showed greater ROM of the shoulder joint. Peak angular velocity magnitudes and sequences were significantly different between the two groups. Experts lifted the kettlebell upward using the hip joints, pelvis, and shoulder joints (proximal to distal order) sequentially and lowered it using the reverse order of peak angular velocities from the shoulder to hip joints. Conclusion: Mobility of the pelvic segment and hip joint are required, while stability of the other joints is needed to produce appropriate two-arm kettlebell swings. The activation and coordination of the gluteal and hamstring muscles are key points in kettlebell exercises.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

Based on the stability criteria of ZMP (Zero Moment Point), this paper proposes an adjusting algorithm that modifies walking trajectory of a bipedal robot for stable walking by analyzing ZMP trajectory of it. In order to maintain walking balance of the bipedal robot, ZMP should be located within a supporting polygon that is determined by the foot supporting area with stability margin. Initially tilting imposed to the trajectory of the upper body is proposed to transfer ZMP of the given walking trajectory into the stable region for the minimum stability. A neural network method is also proposed for the stable walking trajectory of the biped robot. It uses backpropagation learning with angles and angular velocities of all joints with tilting to get the improved walking trajectory. By applying the optimized walking trajectory that is obtained with the neural network model, the ZMP trajectory of the bipedal robot is certainly located within a stable area of the supporting polygon. Experimental results show that the optimally learned trajectory with neural network gives more stability even though the tilting of the pelvic joint has a great role for walking stability.