• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.231-248
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• 2017

서울시는 도심지 교통체증을 해결하기 위해 최근 경부고속도로의 일부 구간을 복층터널로 계획하는 방안을 검토하고 있다. 도심지에 복층터널을 건설할 경우, 교통난 해소뿐만 아니라 말레이시아 스마트 터널과 같이 홍수 시 침수방지를 위한 저류시설로도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 그러나 도로터널을 복층터널로 계획할 경우에는 각 지역을 연결하는 분기터널이 필요하며, 분기터널은 토피가 낮은 구간에 편평율이 큰 대단면 또는 복잡한 터널 단면형상으로 이루어지게 된다. 이때 토피가 낮은 지역에서는 지하 공동구나 건물 기초 등에 인접하여 위치하게 되며 터널 건설로 인해 지장물에 미치는 영향에 대해 반드시 검토해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 복층터널에서 분기되는 터널 굴착 시, 지하 공동구에 미치는 영향을 수치해석을 통해 분석하였다. 변위조절모델(Displacement Controlled Model)을 이용하여 터널 주변의 지반손실률을 1.0%, 3.0%, 그리고 5.0%까지 모사하였다. 복층터널에서 분기되는 각도를 $45^{\circ}$와 $36^{\circ}$로 다르게 설정하여 공동구 측면 및 하부로의 접근을 고려할 수 있도록 하였다. 그 결과, 일반적으로 분기터널이 공동구에 근접할수록 그리고 지반손실률이 클수록 변위, 각변위 그리고 안정성에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 타나났다. 공동구 바닥부의 침하와 공동구 부재의 안정성에는 이격거리 보다는 공동구의 하부에 근접하여 큰 변위와 부등침하를 유발할 수 있는 각도 $36^{\circ}$, 이격거리 10 m가 가장 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 근접시공 시 구조물의 안정성 평가를 위한 각변위-거리/직경 관계를 제시하였으며, 지하 공동구 안정성에 영향을 미치는 한계 임계 지반손실률을 산정하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2011

As is well appreciated, welding is the most important fundamental process in manufacturing marine structures. However, weld-induced deformation is inevitable because of the non-uniform distribution of temperature during welding. The deformation caused by welding is one of the principal obstacles in enhancing the productivity in the manufacturing procedure for marine structures. This should be much more seriously considered in the case of the thin blocks found in a ship with multi-deck structures. This paper is concerned with the deformation control of thin panel blocks by applying intermittent welding to fillet welding. In order to investigate the quantitative effect of the intermittent welding, a thermo elasto-plastic analysis was carried out with various welding pitches and plate thicknesses. Welding tests were also carried out to show the validity of the present thermo-elasto-plastic analysis. Numerical analysis results showed good agreement with those of the welding tests. As far as the present numerical results are concerned, it has been seen that a more than 50% reduction in angular distortion can be achieved by applying the intermittent welding because of the low heat input.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2010

For the last couple of decades many studies have been carried out to find out solutions to improve the effectiveness and productivity of the plate forming process. The practical way for the automation of the plate forming process has not been, however, developed yet. Since the characteristics of heating machines may be different form each other, it is necessary to investigate the thermal deformation characteristics of the heating machine to be used in the automation system. And their characteristics may be updated as new information about thermal deformation by heating is accumulated. In this paper, data base system has been constructed based on the results of experiments and numerical analyses, which will be used in deriving the deformation estimation formula. The computer code which can automatically derive the deformation estimation formula has been also developed. This paper also illustrates how the formula is updated as experimental data are added. From the present findings, it can be said that the automatic deriving procedure may be important in the automated plate forming system since the heating line information to be generated must be directly influenced by the deformation estimation formula.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.496-503
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• 2007

Although weld-induced deformation is inevitable in shipbuilding, it is important to reduce it as low as possible during fabrication for a more efficient production of ships' blocks. The weld-induced deformation is more serious in thin plates than in thick plates because heat affect zone of thin plates is wider than that of thick plates, and in addition internal and external constraints much more influence upon weld-induced deformation of thin plates. This paper deals with the application of the mechanical tensioning method to butt weld of thin plates to reduce the transverse and longitudinal deformation. in order to investigate the quantitative effect of tensioning method upon the reduction of angular deformation and shrinkage in longitudinal and transverse direction of weld line, butt welding test have been carried out for several thin plate specimens with varying plate thickness and magnitude of tensile load. Numerical simulation has been also carried out to compare the weld-induced deformation and residual stress. From the present study, it has been found that the tensioning method is very effective on reduction of weld-induced residual stress as well as weld-induced deformation.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

It has been well appreciated that reducing weld-induced deformation as law as possible is important during fabrication for a more efficient production of blocks. The weld-induced deformation is more serious in thin plates than in thick plates because heat affect zone of thin plates is wider than that of thick plates and in addition internal and external constraints much more influence upon weld-induced deformation of thin plates. This paper deals with the application of the mechanical tensioning method to butt weld of thin plates to reduce the weld-induced deformation. In order to investigate the quantitative effect of tensioning method upon the reduction of angular deformation and shrinkage in longitudinal and transverse direction of weld line, butt welding test have been carried out for several thin plate specimens with varying plate thickness and magnitude of tensile load. From the present experimental study, it has been found that the tensioning method is very effective on reduction of weld-induced residual stress as well as weld-induced deformation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.4201-4207
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 최근 뉴질랜드의 Christchurch 지역의 2011년 2월 22일의 지진규모(Mw) 6.2 지진발생 후 얻어진 데이터를 이용하여 지진에 의한 지하 상수도관 시스템의 성능에 주안점을 두고 연구를 수행하였다. 이 논문은 액상화로 인하여 발생된 영구지반변형지역과 서로 다른 재질의 상수도관에 따라 1 km 당 손상갯수로 산정되는 손상율을 액상화 지역에서의 지진발생 전후에 얻어진 높은 해상도의 라이다데이터로부터 계산된 부등침하와 횡방향 지반변형률의 관계를 통하여 산정하였다. 본 연구에서는 영구지반변형에 따른 매설된 상수도관의 지진성능을 요약하여 설명하였으며 연구결과 연성이 매우 큰 폴리에틸렌 상수도관이 매우 우수한 지진성능을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2007

The weld-induced deformation is more serious in thin plates than in thick plates because heat affect zone of thin plates is wider than that of thick plates and in addition internal and external constraints have much more influence upon weld-induced deformation of thin plates. This paper deals with the application of the mechanical tensioning method to butt weld of thin plates to reduce the transverse and longitudinal deformation. In order to investigate the quantitative effect of tensioning method upon the reduction of angular deformation and shrinkage in longitudinal and transverse direction of weld line, butt welding test has been carried out for several thin plate specimens with varying plate thickness and magnitude of tensile load. From the present experimental study, it has been found that the tensioning method is very effective in reducing the weld-induced residual stress as well as the weld-induced deformation.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2017

This paper describes an unscented Kalman filter approach to estimate the bias in magnetic field measurements. A microelectromechanical systems attitude heading reference system (MEMS AHRS) was used to measure the magnetic field, together with the acceleration and angular rate. A magnetic field is usually used for yaw detection, while the acceleration serves to detect the roll and pitch. Magnetic field measurements are vulnerable to distortion due to hard-iron effect and soft-iron effect. The bias in the measurement accounts for the hard-iron effect, and this paper focuses on an approach to estimate this bias. The proposed method is compared with other methods through experiments that implement the navigation of an underwater robot using an AHRS and Doppler velocity log. The results verify that the compensation of the bias by the proposed method improves the navigation performance more than or comparable to the compensation by other methods.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.463-475
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• 2023

Tunnel construction activity, conducted mainly in mountains and within urban centres, causes soil settlement, thus requiring the relevant management of slopes and structures as well as evaluations of risk and stability. Accordingly, in this study we performed a three-dimensional finite element analysis to examine the behaviour of piles and pile cap stability when a tunnel passes near the bottom of the foundation of a pile group connected by a pile cap. We examined the results via numerical analysis considering different conditions for reinforcement of the ground between the tunnel and the pile foundation. The numerical analysis assessed the angular distortion of the pile cap, pile settlement, axial force, shear stress, relative displacement, and volume loss due to tunnel excavation, and pile cap stability was evaluated based on Son and Cording's evaluation criterion for damage to adjacent structures. The pile located closest to the tunnel under the condition of no ground reinforcement exhibited pile head settlement approximately 70% greater than that of the pile located farthest from the tunnel under the condition of greatest ground reinforcement. Additionally, pile head settlement was greatest when the largest volume loss occurred, being approximately 18% greater than pile head settlement under the condition having the smallest volume loss. This paper closely examines the main factors influencing the behaviour of a pile group connected by a pile cap for three ground reinforcement conditions and presents an evaluation of pile cap stability.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.445-456
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• 2005

지표변수는 지면 근처의 기후변화에 중요한 역할을 하기 때문에, 충분히 높은 정확성을 가진 값이 산출되어야 한다 하지만 지표 반사도는 강한 이방성(non-Lambertian) 특징을 가지고 있기 때문에, 위성 천저각으로부터 멀어질수록 태양-지점-위성과의 기하학적 영향을 더욱 강하게 받는 효과를 가져온다. 또한 지표 각 영향을 포함하고 있는 지표 반사도는 노이즈를 가지게 된다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 한반도 지역의 MODIS 반사도 자료(250m)를 이용하여 각 영향이 제거된 보다 정확한 반사도 값에 대한 데이터베이스를 제공하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 매일 2회씩 제공하는 MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spoctroradiometer) 센서의 가시영역과 근적외영역의 반사도(250m)자료를 이용하였다. 먼저 구름화소를 제거하기 위해서 연속적인 물리과정을 통하여 각각의 구름 화소를 제거하였다. 그리고 지리보정은 MODIS 센서에서 제공하는 지리정보자료를 이용하여 2차 다항회귀식을 통한 최근접 내삽법을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 지표 이방성 효과를 보정하기 위해서 반 경험적 양방향성분포함수(BRDF) 모델을 사용하였다. 이 알고리즘은 위성으로부터 관측된 위성천정각, 태양천정각, 위성방위각, 태양방위각과 같은 각 성분을 이용하여 Kernel-deriven 모델의 역변환을 통하여 지표 반사도를 재생산한다. 먼저 우리는 BRDF 모델을 수행하기 위해 총 31일 모델 관측 실행기간을 고려하였다. 다음 단계로 각각의 화소 및 밴드에 대해서 BRDF 모델을 통하여 분리된 각 성분들을 변조함으로써 위성 직하점 반사도 정규화가 수행되었다. 모델을 이용하여 산출된 반사도 값은 실제 위성 반사도 값과 잘 일치하였고, RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)값은 전체적으로 약 0.01(최고값=0.03)이였다. 마지막으로, 우리는 한반도 지역에 대해서 2001년 동안 총 36개로 구성된 정규화 지표반사도 값의 데이터베이스를 구축하였다.