• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.419-430
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• 2005

In this study, to prove the effect of soybeans's electron donating ability and its addition on eel gouem, storage and sensory characteristics were examined. During the storage period, pH values of all gouem samples were decreased with initial increase except the control. BSB $3\%$ sample had the lowest pH value and YSB $10\%$ sample was the highest 6.71 in pH value at first storage day. The electron donating ability of soybeans were increased with the amount of addition. The electron donating ability of SBSB 20g sample was the highest, which was 2 ${\~}$ 3 times higher than that of YSB sample. L values of all the gouem samples had a tendency to decrease according to the storage period and amount of addition. All samples' a values were increased throughout the storage period, while b values decreased except the control and GNG sample. TBA and VBN values of all the samples were up and down throughout the storage period SBSB $10\%$ sample had the lowest in TBA value. The electron donating ability of all soybean samples and TBA value of eel gouem samples showed a negative correlation. Total plate count of bacteria was increased rapidly for initial storage period, but all samples showed a tendency of slow growth after the 8th day of storage. During all storage days, SBSB, BSB samples had a similar tendency of low total plate count growth. GNG $10\%$ sample showed the lowest in total plate count of bacteria at sixteenth day of storage. Sensory scores of all samples decreased with storage. For all the items of the sensory evaluation, SBSB $5\%$ sample got the highest score among all eel gouem samples. GNGSB sample showed the lowest in TBA value and total plate count of bacteria. And in the sensory evaluation, GNGSB sample got the highest scores for several items.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.401-409
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• 2015

The fish community and introduced fish were surveyed at eight stations of Lake Soyang from March to October, 2013. A total of 41 species of twelve families were collected from the survey stations and among them, two species: Hemibarbus mylodon and Siniperca scherzeri (albino type) were identified as natural monument. There were fifteen Korean endemic species (36.6 %) including Acheilognathus yamatsutae. When compared with previous data (2003), A. yamatsutae, Pseudorasbora parva, Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis morii, Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae, Orthrias nudus, Leiocassisuss ussuriensis, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Micropterus salmoides appeared new in the lake. Dominant species were Hypomesus olidus (St. 1, 3, 6, 7, 8), Lepomis macrochirus (St. 2, 4) and Zacco platypus (St. 5). Of the 12 introduced species fishes in Lake Soyang, Anguilla japonica, Hemiculter eigenmanni, H. nipponensis, Rhinogobius giurinus and Tridentiger brevispinis were introduced and released from other native river water zones in Korea but Cyprinus carpio (Israeli type), Carassius cuvieri, O. mykiss, Ictalurus puntatus, L. macrochirus, and M. salmoides originated from foreign countries.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.620-632
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• 1994

To study the distribution of ichthyoplankton in Asan Bay, samples were collected with a Bongo net at 8 stations from April, July and October of 1991, and January of 1992. The dominant fish eggs included the eggs of Nibea spp., Engraulis japonica, Callionymus spp., and others. The eggs of Nibea spp. and Engraulis japonica were $97.70\%$ and $1.30\%$ of the total egg abundance, respectively. Twenty three species of fish larvae were identified. The predominant species were gobiid fishes accounting for $32.84\%$ of the all fish larvae, and followed by Ammodytes personatus($16.69\%$). Other major species were Anguilla japonica, Nibea spp., Pampus echinogaster and Engrualis japonica. These 6 taxa constituted $90.40\%$ of the total larvae collected.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1976

The composition of fatty acids and sterols in the muscle lipid of eel, Anguilla japonicus Temminck & Schlegel was investigated quantitatively by using gas liquid chromatography(GLC) and the sterols separated from unsaponifiable matter by thin-layer chromatography were identified by GLC, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and GLC-mass spectrometry respectively. The fatty acids of the muscle lipid consisted of the large amount of C18:1 $(40.98\%)$, $C16:0(23.71\%)$, $C16:1(13.37\%)$ acids, and small amount of $C14:0(7.19\%),\;C18:0(5.55\%),\;C20:1(1.83\%),\;18:2(1.42\%)$ acids, and $C18:3(0.92\%),\;C15:0(0.73\%),\;C14:1(0.50\%)$ acids were smaller, Choleterol$(96.58\%)$ was a major component of the sterol fraction and 24-methylene cholesterol $(3.42\%)$ was also detected as a minor component.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 1983

The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate a revolving plate type biofilter system for mass culture of eel(Anguilla japonica) based on the experimental rearing for 120 days (Oct. 1982-Feb. 1983). Water quality changes, growth efficiency of fish and fish disease treatment were critically evaluated. A revolving plate type biofilter system was designed(Fig. 1). The system consisted of a glass tank (150 l), a revolving plate biofilter and a settling tank(150 l). The biofilter consisted of 60 submerged quadriangular plates ($28{\times}37$ cm) and 30 revolving plates (32 cm diameter) for a total of 19.0 $m^2$ of surface area. The revolving plates were made to rotate 10 time per minute, The total water volume of the rearing system were 300 l, and everyday 1/3 of the total water volume were changed with freshly prepared water. In the rearing system a total of 2 kg of eel (1,500 individuals, mean weight:1.3 g) were reared fed on the pellet feed and the dough feed. The growth efficiency were much better for the pellet feed (FC: 1.79) compared to the dough feed (FC: 3.56). During the experimental rearing water quality control was satisfactory. Total ammonia concentrations were 0.38-0.59 ppm and nitrite concentration were 0.83-1.19 ppm. On the other hand alkalinity decreased from 176ppm just after the water change to 17ppm just before the water change. The low alkaline condition was compensated by the regular change of water. Epidemics of parasitic gill-flocks (Pseudodactvlogylus sp.) was observed, and they were easily eliminated by the treatment of DDVP (1.0 ppm). Trichodina sp. and Costia sp. were observed, and they were also controlled by the treatment of potassium permanganate (4.0 ppm).

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.374-378
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• 2006

Eel is Anguilla japonica and Anguillidae family as a freshwater fish, and Japanese name is Unagi. The content of vitamin A of eel muscle are about 4,000IU/100g and they have many effective components, so it is known as healthy food. Therefore, many people have eel that cooked roast and hot-water extract in Korea. WHO encouraged that daily edible content of vitamin A is 2,000IU. Now, Japan government proposes the weight of roasted eel in lunch basket as 50g. But, Korea government does not proposes in every related aspects. Therefore, we researched content of vitamin A in hot-water extract from eel and optimal processing condition of hot-water extract from eel, in order to determine a proper edible volume. The content of vitamin A in eel hot-water extract sold at a market was about 200 IU. This study resulted from the fact that many eel hot-water extracts lacked the vitamin A. The reason was that the lipids were removed for taste on processing. But, The content of vitamin A in eel hot-water extract which didn't removed lipid on processing was about 800IU. Therefore, in drinking for 3packs per day, eel hot-water extract might have adjusted 100mL per pack which is almost consistent with the recommended dietary allowance of vitamin A in WHO.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2002

The contents [average(minimum∼maximum), Unit:mg/kg] of hazardous heavy metals(Hg, Cd and Pb) were estimated from 951 fishery products in Seoul(468 fishes,373 shellfishes, 39 crustaceans and 71 others) from January to December in 2001 by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Hg contents showed in shellfishes [0.033(N.D.∼0.19)]>others(0.026(N.D.∼0.11)]>crustaceans[0.026(N.D.∼0.09)]>fishes[0.018(N.D.∼0.19)], Misgurnus mizolepis(0.19) and Tegillarca granosa(0.19) were the highest. Pb content were shellfishes [0.223(N.D.∼l.38)] >fishes[0.213(N.D.∼1.68)]>others[0.15(N.D.∼0.39)]>crustaceans[0.144(N.D.∼0.444)], and Misgurnus mizolepis (1.68)>Hypomesus olidus(1.44)>Tapes philippinarum(1.38)>Anguilla japonica(1.35). Also, Tegillarca granosa(1.85) was the most Cd contents among shellfishes[0.288(N.D.∼1.85)].

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1999

The immunomodulatory effects of levamisole (LMS) were evaluated in leucocytes of eels in vitro. Proliferation of lymhocytes treated with T-cell mitogen (Con A or PHA) was markedly inhibited by LMS in a dose dependent manner. B cell mitogen (LPS), in contrast, slightly increased the proliferaion. On the other hand, production of MIF and MAF when treated with Con A was increased in a dose-dependent way. NK cell activities were somewhat increased when LMS was pretreated and this augmentation was due to an increase in binding capacity of effector-target cell, but not due to the target cell lytic activity of effector cells. Phagocytic activity, superoxide anion formation, hydrogen peroxide formation and lysozyme activity of leucocytes were enhanced by LMS in a dose related-manner. These results suggest that LMS might modulate the immmune responses by activation of cytokine production and by augmentation of leukocyte activity but not by increment of immunocompetent cell numbers.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to determine comparative biochemical characteristics and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) profiles of 18 strains of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and eel (Anguilla spp) that showed diseases between 1996 and 2010 in Korea. In terms of biochemical properties, they showed four patterns with differences in citrate degradation and production of H₂S and indole. All strains were identified as E. tarda. Characteristics of isolates were not classified according to their host. As a result of PCR with E. tarda-specific primer, EDtT, the same band of about 270 bp was detected in all 18 isolates. However, no specific band was detected in type strains of E. tarda or Edwardsiella ictaluri. As a result of RAPD PCR performed with primer No. 5 and No. 6 of a Ready-To-Go-RAPD kit, the band profile showed clear differences among isolates of olive flounder, isolates of eel, and E. tarda and E. ictaluri type strains. It was possible to organize their characteristics according to the origin of host with possibility to develop tools for pathogen monitoring.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.225-234
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• 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cell surface receptor loss by two constitutively activating mutants (designated L469R, and D590Y) and two inactivating mutants (D417N and Y558F) of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, known to naturally occur in human LHR transmembrane domains. We investigated cell surface receptor loss using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HEK 293 cells. The expression level of wild-type eel LHR was considered to be 100%, and the expression levels of L469R and D417N were 97% and 101%, respectively, whereas the expression levels of D590Y and Y558F slightly increased to approximately 110% and 106%, respectively. The constitutively activating mutants L469R and D590Y exhibited a decrease in cell surface loss in a manner similar to that of wild-type eel LHR. The rates of loss of cell surface agonist-receptor complexes were observed to be very rapid (2.6-6.2 min) in both the wild-type eel LHR and activating mutants. However, cell surface receptor loss in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F was slightly observed in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F, despite treatment with a high concentration of agonist. These results provide important information on LHR function in fish and the regulation of mutations of highly conserved amino acids in glycoprotein hormone receptors.