• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.454-459
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• 2015

Background : The major compounds of Angelica species are decursin, decursinol angelate, nodakenin, umbelliferone and ${\beta}$-sitosterol, which act anti-inflammatories, reduce pains, protect the liver and enhance the immune system. This study investigated the chemical compositions, minerals, metals, sugars and overall amino acid composition in Angelica gigas Nakai. Methods and Results : Powder of Angelica roots smaller than 30 mesh were used. Physico-chemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates (62.0%), crude proteins (13.9%), moisture (11.4%), crude fats (7.3%) and ash (5.4%). Results showed that potassium was present in the highest amount (1,859 ppm), followed by magnesium (214.5 ppm), calcium (147.3 ppm) and sodium (6.0 ppm). Free sugar profiles showed the presence of sucrose (29.3 g/100 g). The total amino acids concentrations was 9,752 mg/100 g, the most common and dominant amino acids were arginine (2,181 mg/100 g), glutamic acid (1,212 mg/100 g) and aspartic acid (834 mg/100 g). The total free amino acids contents was 1,476 mg/100 g, in which the most common amino acid were arginine (932 mg/100 g), glutamic acid (127 mg/100 g), and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (80.4 mg/100 g). The fatty acid composition of A. gigas showed a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (443.9 mg/100 g) and palmitic acid (181.3 mg/100 g) according to gas chromatography. Conclusions : These results showed that Angelica roots can be used in various fields of foods and medicines, and in the preparation of cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 1990

From the root of Angelica gigas Nakai, decursinol angelate was isolated, which is structural isomer of decursin. Raw material contained average 2.44% of decursinol angelate and 3.30% of decursin by the GC analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation structure and soil properties of Angelica gigas population distributed in Jeombongsan, Bangtaesan, Odaesan, Gyebangsan and Jirisan. From August 2007 until September 2008, 5m${\times}$5m quadrat was established in native area of Angelica gigas in order to record a dominants and coverage, and soil factors at 20 sites. It was found that the altitude in the distributed areas for Angelica gigas population was 710m or more. Angelica gigas population was classified into Parasencio auriculata var. kamtschatical dominant population, Pseudostellaria palibiniana dominant population, Isodon excisus dominant population and typical dominant population. In the site of study, soil pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, available phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable natrium concentration and total nitrogen were ranged from 5.1~6.2, 0.1~0.79dS/m, 2.21~22.11%, 9.56~37.97mg/kg, 1.85~23.88cmol+/kg, 0.21~1.18cmol+/kg, 1.07~5.09cmol+/kg, 0.04~0.14cmol+/kg and 0.09~1.04% respectively. The Parasencio auriculata var. kamtschatical dominant population was found in area of high altitude and had high slope degree. But Pseudostellaria palibiniana dominant population was found in area of low altitude and low slope degree. Isodon excisus dominant population was found to have higher soil pH and exchangeable potassium concentration than the other dominant population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.399-405
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of herb extracts on lipid oxidation and free radical reaction in iron sources reacted with active oxygen species. The catalytic effects of active oxygen on lipid oxidation in oil emulsion tended to show more active in the order of OH, H2O2 and KO2. Herb extracts tended to show a little catalytic effect and active oxygen scavenging ability of herb extracts didn't show. But herb extracts played role as a strong chelating agents to bind iron if Fe2+ ion exist in oil emulsion. The contents of Fe2+ ion and total iron in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Angelica gigas Nakai were higher than those of Prunus persica Stockes and pinus strobus. The content of asocrbic acid in Pinus strobus showed the highest (26.97ppm) among several herb extracts. Electron donating abilities of Pinus strobus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. were 79.54% and 77.11%, respectively, which were higher contents than those of Prunus persical Stokes and Angelica gigas Nakai. The SOD-like activity of Prunus persca Stokes showed 0.16 optical density (O.D), which means the most strong antioxidant activity among other herb extracts. The nitrite scavening effects tended to be different depending on pH. Pinus strobus and Angelica gigas Nakai showed 99.8% and 98.6% nitrite scavening effects at pH 1.2. And the effects were decreased as pH was increased. Especially, they didn't show the nitrite scavenging effect in pH 6.0. In conculsin, the Prinus strobus extract among herb extracts were the most effective antioxidant by evaluating several functional tests.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

Propionibacterium acnes, a major pathogens bacterium of acne, is one of the microflora associated with the inflammation. In this study, the antibacterial effects of 70% ethanol extracts from the 61 natural plants in Jeju against P. acnes were investigated using the disc diffusion method. The 45 natural plant extracts showed antibacterial effects and the 16 natural plants extracts didn't show antibacterial effects. The Phyllanthus urinaria L. (stem and leaves) extract showed thr highest antimicrobial activity with $18.96{\pm}0.69mm$ clear zone of the growth of P. acnes, followed by Angelica gigas Nakai (roots), Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, Angelica gigas Nakai (stem and leaves), Isodon inflexus (Thunb.) Kudo, camellia sinensis L. (flowers), Rosmarinus officinalis, etc. These results suggest that the natural plant in Jeju can be used as functional cosmetic biomaterials or antimicrobial agents against P. acnes.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate that effect of Angelica gigas NAKAI pharmacopuncture(AGN-Ph) by concentration at $ST_{36}$(足三里) and $BL_{23}$(腎兪) in Freund's adjuvant rats. Methods : The experimental model of arthritis was induced by injection of Freund's adjuvant into Sprague Dawley(SD) rats. After arthritis was induced, AGN-Ph was injected by concentration at $ST_{36}$ and $BL_{23}$ of rats every other day for 6 times. Thereafter, edema rate, body weight, IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, hematologic assay were measured. Results : The results were as follows, 1. After 3 times AGN-Ph treatment, the mean of edema rate was significantly decreased in AGN-Ph group 3 than control group. And after 6 times AGN-Ph treatment, the mean of edema rate was significantly decreased in AGN-Ph group 1, 2, 3 than control group. 2. The mean of body weight was significantly increased in AGN-Ph group 1, 3 than control group and saline group. 3. The mean of IFN-${\gamma}$ was significantly increased in AGN-Ph group 3 than control group. 4. The mean of TNF-${\alpha}$ was significantly increased in saline group than control group. But the mean of TNF-${\alpha}$ in AGN-Ph group 2, 3 showed no significance compared with control group's. 5. In hematologic assay, levels of WBC, RBC, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit showed no significance in all groups. Conclusions : These results are suggest that the Angelica gigas NAKAI pharmacopuncture(AGN-Ph) at $ST_{36}$ and $BL_{23}$ has a suppressing inflammation effect on Freund's adjuvant arthritis in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of cookies made with Angelica gigas Nakai fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei. As the content of Angelica gigas Nakai fermented by L. paracasei (AFL) powder increased, the pH of the cookies decreased from 6.3 to 5.2. There was no significant difference in the moisture content depending on AFL powder content. The content of reducing sugar also increased with increasing AFL powder content. Regarding the surface color of the cookies, the L- and b-values decreased with increasing AFL powder content, whereas the a-value increased. As the AFL powder content increased, the total polyphenol content and ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities significantly increased. Cookies with 8% AFL powder (AC8) had the highest levels of 107.16 mg%, 38.69%, and 65.56%, respectively. The texture, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the cookies with various AFL powder levels were not significantly different, and hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness showed no tendencies toward changes. Taken together, these results showed that when AFL powder was added to cookies, bioactivities such as antioxidant activity increased, making AFL powder a good material with high potential for use in commercially baked products.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2022

Natural products are important sources for drug development because they have a wide variety of useful biological properties. Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) has been used as an herbal medicine for treatment of colds, pain, and anemia. The present study was designed to evaluate the regulatory effect of AGN on immune enhancement in vivo and in vitro. To investigate the immune-enhancing effect of AGN, we used forced swimming test (FST) experimental model. Mice were orally administered by AGN or distilled water for 14 days and then immobility time and biological parameters in serum were measured. The results showed that immobility time in AGN treatment group was significantly reduced in comparison with the control group. Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase in AGN group was significantly decreased compared with control group. Additionally, we showed that AGN treatment significantly increased immune-related cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-2, and interferon (IFN)-𝛾 levels in Molt-4 cells. Collectively, the findings provide experimental evidence that AGN may be effective in improving immune function.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2002

It was found that the purified extract from A. gigas Nakai (polysaccharide, M.W., 25 kD) controled differentiating human ES cells. Its optimal supplementation concentration was decided as 0.8 $({\mu}g/ml)$ to efficiently control the differentiation. It also enhanced the cell growth, compared to the control. However, most widely used and commercially available differentiating agent, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) negatively affected on the cell growth even though it controls the differentiation of ES cells, down to 40-50 % based on morphological observation and telomerase activity. It was presumed that the extract first affected on cell membrane and resulted in controlling signal system, then amplify gene expression of telomere, which enhanced the telomerase activity up to three times compared to the control. LIF only increased the enzyme activity up to two times. It was confirmed that the extract from A. gigas Nakai could be used for substituting currently used differentiation controlling agent, LIF from animal resources as a cheap plant resource and not affecting the cell growth. It can broaden the application of the plants not only to functional foods and their substitutes but also to fine chemicals and most cutting-edge biopharmaceutical medicine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1995

Anticancer activity of a fraction of the ethanol extract from the root of Korean angelica (Angelica gigas Nakai) was recognized in human cancer cell lines HeLa $S_3$, K-562, and Hep $G_2$. The extract blocked the phorbol ester-inducing megakaryocytic differentiation of K-562 cells, which indicated the modification of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. In vitro assay showed the activation of PKC by the extract. An effective fraction of the Angelica gigas extract, of which $R_f$ value was 0.64 in a thin layer chromatography, was a different component from those of European angelicas. The $ED_50$ value of the fraction was 8, 9, and $16\;\mu\textrm{m}/ml$ against HeLa $S_3\;Hep\;G_2$, and K-562 cells, respectively, while the fraction showed higher $ED_50$ values against normal cell lines.