• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2009

Two pyranocoumarin constituents have been isolated from Angelica gigas and were identified as decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) by means of NMR analysis, respectively. Human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (hACAT) inhibitory activity of decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) was evaluated. Decursin (2) showed significantly inhibitory activity against hACAT1 and hACAT2 with $IC_{50}$ value of 137 and $168\;{\mu}M$, respectively, whereas decursinol angelate (1) exhibited weak ACAT inhibitory activity. These results suggested that decusin from A. gigas might be effective for the prevention and the treatment of hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerosis by inhibitory effect on hACAT. The contents of decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) were analyzed in various parts of A. gigas including flower, seed, leaf and root using LC/MS/MS (ESI, positive ion mode, MRM mode). The content of decursinol angelate was increased in order of flower, seed, leaf, and root and decursin content was increased in order of flower, seed, leaf, and root. It was expected that unused parts including leaf and flower of A. gigas might be useful as new functional sources by their high contents of decursin and decursinol angelate.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.182-187
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• 2017

The purpose of the present study is a comparison of the antioxidant effects of Angelica gigas Korea (AG), Angelica sinensis of China (AS), and Angelica acutiloba of Japan (AA), and comparison of the effects of AG, AS and AA on tight-junction related genes in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. All species showed a strong antioxidant effect, and AA was higher than AG and AS in antioxidant effects. The cytotoxicity was confirmed to be higher in AS than AG and AA at a concentration of $1,600{\mu}g/ml$ using the MTS assay in HaCaT cells. We analyzed the effects of AG, AS, and AA on mRNA expression levels of various tight-junction related genes in HaCaT cells. We found that no obvious changes in expression of Claudin 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, Occludin, JAM-A, ZO-1, ZO-2, and tricellulin by treatment of all species, suggesting that there is less possibility of side effects and skin moisturizing effects due to changes in tight-junction gene expression. Our results suggest that AG, AS, and AA are thought to be effective in reducing the oxidative stress of the skin and preventing the aging of the skin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.419-427
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• 2016

There is a high association of heat shock on the alteration of energy and lipid metabolism. The alterations associated with thermal stress are composed of gene expression changes and adaptation through biochemical responses. Previous study showed that Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) root extract promoted adipogenic differentiation in murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes under the normal temperature condition. However, its effect in heat shocked 3T3-L1 cells has not been established. In this study, we investigated the effect of AGN root hot water extract in the adipogenic differentiation of murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes following heat shock and its possible mechanism of action. Thermal stress procedure was executed within the same stage of preadipocyte confluence (G0) through incubation at $42^{\circ}C$ for one hour and then allowed to recover at normal incubation temperature of $37^{\circ}C$ for another hour before AGN treatment for both cell viability assay and Oil Red O. Cell viability assay showed that AGN was able to dose dependently (0 to $400{\mu}g/mL$) increase cell proliferation under normal incubation temperature and also was able to prevent cytotoxicity due to heat shock accompanied by cell proliferation. Confluent preadipocytes were subjected into heat shock procedure, recovery and then AGN treatment prior to stimulation with the differentiation solution. Heat shocked preadipocytes exhibited reduced differentiation as supported by decreased amount of lipid accumulation in Oil Red O staining and triglyceride measurement. However, those heat shocked preadipocytes that then were given AGN extract showed a dose dependent increase in lipid accumulation as shown by both evaluation procedures. In line with these results, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis showed that AGN increased adipogenic differentiation by upregulating heat shock protection related genes and proteins together with the adipogenic markers. These findings imply the potential of AGN in heat shock amelioration among 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through heat shock factor and proteins augmentation and enhanced adipogenic marker expression.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate effects of Angelica gigas Nakai(AGN) on the ischemic injury by intraluminal filament insertion in the rats. Methods : The ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. AGN herbal acupuncture into SP10 was carried out during 3 weeks after ischemic injury. Eight-arm radial maze was designed for the behavioral task. AGN herbal acupuncture showed neuroprotective agents in cresyl violet, acetylcholinesterase(AchE), choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) and nerve growth factor(NGF)-stain. Then check the effect of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) according to AGN herbal acupuncture in rats. Results : The errors in the eight-arm radial maze task were significantly decreased in normal group compared with control group on 1~6days, AGN2(0.02g/kg) herbal acupuncture group on 1~5days, AGN3(0.1g/kg) on 1~3days, AGN4(0.5g/kg) on 1, 3~6days. The rate of correct choice was significantly increased in AGN1(0.01g/kg) and AGN4 herbal acupuncture groups. The density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 was the most increased in normal group and AGN1, AGN3, AGN4 herbal acupuncture groups compared with control group. The density of AchE in the hippocampal CA1 had a tendency to increase in all the groups when they were compared with control group, but not significant. The density of ChAT in the hippocampal CA1 was significantly increased in normal group and AGN1, AGN4 herbal acupuncture groups compared with control group. The density of NGF in the hippocampal CA1 was significantly increased AGN4 herbal acupuncture group compared with control group. The rCBF was significantly increased in AGN1, AGN3 and AGN4 herbal acupuncture groups without the change of blood pressure. Conclusions : These results suggest that AGN herbal acupuncture can be used for controlling stroke in early stage as herbal medication.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

Subcritical water extraction can be used to selectively extraction compounds by varying the temperature-dependent dielectric constant of water. This study investigated subcritical water extraction of decursin and nodakenin yields from Angelica gigas Nakai (AN) quantitatively and qualitatively by HPLC, and HPLC-ESI/MS. Total phenolics, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity were determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, including the effects of varying the extraction conditions of temperature ($110-200^{\circ}C$) and time (1-20 min) under high pressure (10 MPa). By subcritical water extraction under operating conditions of $120-130^{\circ}C$, the maximum yields of decursin ($6.64{\pm}0.42%$ in the dried material) and nodakenin ($3.71{\pm}0.28%$ in the dried material) were obtained. From $190-200^{\circ}C$ the maximum yields of total phenolics ($75.97{\pm}1.64mg$ gallic acid equivalent/g AN), flavonoids ($8.56{\pm}1.10mg$ quercetin equivalent/g AN), DPPH ($63.07{\pm}1.71%$), and ABTS ($72.32{\pm}2.82%$) were obtained.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 1986

This study was intended to find out the effects of the inorganic nutrients in the soil and root on the available constituents contents in Angelica gigas Nakai. The correlation between the contents of decursin and decursinol in roots of the wild and cultivated and the inorganic nutrients contents in the soils and roots was investigated. The contents of decursin in the dried root of the wild was higher than that of the cultivated. The ammonium nitrogen contents in soil and the decursin contents in root had the significant negative correlation, whereas the significant positive correlation was obtained the available phosphorus contents. The significant negative correlation was obtained between the decursin contents and the nitrogen contents of root, and the significant positive correlation between the decursin contents and the contents of phosphorus or potassium in roots.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Dangguibohyultang (DB) and its combination (DB-I; Astragali membraneus BUNGE : Angelica gigas NAKAI=5:1, DB-II; Astragali membraneus BUNGE:Angelica gigas NAKAI=1:1, DB-III; Astragali membraneus BUNGE:Angelica gigas NAKAI=1:5,) on apoptosis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HCT116 cells. Methods : To study the cytotoxic effect of methanol extract of DB-I, DB-II and DB-III on HCT116 cells, the cell viability was determined by XTT reduction method and ttypan blue exclusion assay. To confirm the induction of apoptosis, the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), a substrate for caspase-3 and a typical sign of apoptosis, and the activation of procaspase-3, -8 and -9 were examined by western blot analysis. Furthermore, DB-induced apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation. The release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol, the level of Bcl-2 and Bax, and the expressions of Raf/MEK/ERK were examined by western blot analysis. Results : DB-I and DB-II reduced proliferation of HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner. DB-I and DB-II decreased procaspase-3, -8, -9 levels in a dose-dependent manner and induced the clevage of PARP. DB-I and DB-II also triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling by increasing the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol, decreasing of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and increasing of pro-apoptotic Bax. DB-I and DB-II decreased the activation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK cascade in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : These results suggest that DB-I and DB-II induce apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, Raf/MEK/ERK cascade is involved in DB-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that DB is potentially useful as a chemotherapeutic agent in human liver cancer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of floral inhibition of Angelica gigas NAKAI in the hilly altitude located in the Northern Gyeongbuk Province from Feb. 1992 to 1994. The results obtained were as follows: As the cultivated areas are high, rate of bolting was significantly decreased, having high yield, good growth, and medicinal quality. It is considered that the optimal cultivating area was at least above 600m altitude. In the hilly altitude, the more shorten nursery period was, the more decreased rate of bolting was, it results in decreased yield, having no significant differences in contents such as extract and decursin. In bolting response from temperature treatment of the seedlings, treatment of temperature was significantly decreased floral induction, but rate of establishment was decreased by decayed root. Bolting rate at different organic resources has more reduced in single fertilization than that of in organic application, but among organic resources, compost of rice straw has the lowest bolting rate. As a result, yield and medicinal qualities at various organic resources were increased in application of organic resources which was no considerable tendency among organic resources.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2 s.70
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• pp.155-165
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• 2007

Objective : The Angelica gigas Nakai ethanol extract (AGE) was investigated to compare nitric oxide (NO) production and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity from RAW 264.7 cells, since NO and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ $(NF-{\kappa}B)$ have been shown to be factors implicated in inflammatory disease. Method : AGE was prepared by extracting medicinal herb with 70% (v/v) ethanol solution. We investigated production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression by ARE in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. We also investigated inhibition of LPS-induced activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ on western blot. Result : LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells increased NO production and iNOS expression. Upon treatment with AGE, nitrite production was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner compared to the untreated control. AGE inhibited this LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner. AGE markedly inhibited the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein at a concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with AGE blocked inhibitory $factor-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation. Conclusion :This study shows that AGE seems to attenuate inflammation through inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression by blockade of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.542-549
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• 2008

The effects of Angelica gigas nakai powder(AP) addition on bread dough were investigated by preparing dough with 0-10%(w/v) powder. Dough raising power, gluten levels, rapid visco properties, and falling number, were investigated. The rheological properties of dough as measured by mixography, farinography, alveography, color assessment, and with scanning electron microscopy, were examined. Increase in AP concentration resulted in a linear decrease in gluten content. Dough raising power and extensibility were decreased by water absorption rate, and resistance increased. Dough stability and rose when AP was present at 1-2%(w/v). Water absorption, dough stability, and dough valorimeter values also rose when AP was present at 1-2%(w/v), but AP induced weakness in the dough, as revealed through farinography, and also resulted in a lowering of initial pasting temperature and the temperature at peak viscosity. A decrease in viscosity at the peak point, and(as revealed by RVA), a decrease in extensibility, an increased resistance to extension, and a rise in the energy required for extension, were also seen when AP powder was added, as was an increase in the R/E ratio. Overall, the addition of AP to dough to levels of 1% or 2%(both w/v) is thought to be useful in the preparation of a functional white pan bread, and results in quality improvements.