• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.220-224
• /
• 1997

Background: The incidence of pain on injection of propofol varies between 30 and 100%. A variety of pretreatments have been tried to alleviate this problem such as a local anesthetics, cooling and opioids. However, none of these pharmacological maneuvers were satisfactory yet. In a recent study, subhypnotic doses of both thiopental sodium and propofol decrease the acute pain. We report a comparison of thiopental sodium, lidocaine and placebo on the incidence and severity of pain on injection of propofol. Method: A controlled, double-blind study was performed to compare the prior administration of intravenous saline 2 ml(n=30, group S), lidocaine 20 mg(n=30, group L) and thiopental sodium 50 mg(n=30, group T) in alleviating the pain by propofol. Injection pain was assessed with the four-point verbal categorical scoring system. Result: The incidence of injection pain during induction was lower in group L(30%) and T(17%) than group S(77%). The incidence of injection pain was lower in group T(17%) than group L(30%), but not significant statistically. The pain scores for recall of pain in the recovery room was simlar to those pain during propofol induction. Conclusion: The pretreatment of thiopental sodium can be effective in reducing both incidence and severity of propofol injection pain and has similar effect to lidocaine to prevent propofol injection pain.

• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) is a common problem after general anesthesia. The aim of this prospective, double-blind randomized study was to compare the effect of Propofol-Remifentanil vs. Sevoflurane inhalational anesthetics on PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Forty patients (ASA physical status 1, 2) scheduled for elective surgery participated in the study. Twenty of them received total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA group) with Propofol-Remifentanil, and the rest were given Sevoflurane inhalational anesthetics (inhalation group). The TIVA group was induced with Propofol 5mcg/ml and Remifentanil 3~4mcg/ml. The anesthesia was maintained with the continuous infusion of Propofol 2~3mcg/ml and Remifentanil 2~3mcg/ml IV. The inhalation group was induced with Pentotal Sodium 5mg/kg and 3~4mcg/kg/hr IV Remifentanil. Maintenance was obtained with 1.5~2.0 vol% Sevoflurane. Results: The subjects in TIVA group reported less PONV than those in Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia group. Conclusion: Propofol-Remifentanil anesthesia (TIVA group) was considered a satisfactory anesthetic technique in reducing PONV in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.208-213
• /
• 1997

Background: Pruritus is the most frequent undesirable symptom associated with epidural morphine. It is unpleasant and often difficult to treat. Naloxone is presently the drug of first choice for treating this symptom. Naloxone however decrease the pain threshold in some cases. Recently it was reported subhypnotic doses of propofol were efficient in relieving epidural-morphine-induced pruritus(EMIP). In a prospective. randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, we compared the efficacy of propofol and naloxone for treatment of EMIP. Methods: Forty patients with EMIP were allocated to receive either 20 mg propofol, or 1.5 ${\mu}g/kg$ naloxone intravenously. Pruritus and level of postoperative pain were assessed after 5 min, using pruritus rating scale and visual analogue scale. Results: The overall success rate in treating pruritus was similar in both groups (propofol 70% vs naloxone 65%). Twenty-five percent of the patients in the naloxone group had an increase in the level of postoperative pain versus none in the propofol group(P=0.018). Conclusions: These results suggest propofol and naloxone are equally effective in treating EMIP. However, the level of postoperative pain is significantly reduced when treated with propofol.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2004

Anaphylactic reactions to anesthetic drugs could potentially produce life-threatening immune-mediated crisis. Most published reports are associated with neuromuscular blockers and anaphylactic reactions to inhalation anesthetics are rare. A 25-year-old male patient with no significant medical history and no previous abnormal drug reaction was scheduled for orthognathic surgery under general anesthesia. After uneventful anesthetic induction and nasotracheal intubation, generalized urticaria and erythema were detected during the maintenance period with $O_2-N_2O$-enflurane. No severe changes of vital signs and no ventilation problem were accompanied. The operation was cancelled and the cutaneous lesions were faded away during the recovery with 100% $O_2$. The skin-prick and intradermal tests showed that he was hypersensitive to all halogenated inhalation anesthetics including enflurane and not to intravenous anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers. The re-operation was safely carried out under intravenous anesthesia with propofol-fentanyl-vecuronium. We report this case of intraoperative anaphylactic reaction to enflurane with literature review.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2016

Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) is characterized by pulmonary arterial hypertension and right-to-left shunting. The signs and symptoms of ES include cyanosis, shortness of breath, fatigue, hemoptysis, and sudden death. In patients with ES, it is important that the systemic and pulmonary circulations be properly distributed and maintained. General dental treatment is not known to be particularly dangerous. To control pain and anxiety, local anesthetics without epinephrine are usually recommended. However, in cases of difficulty of cooperation, general anesthesia for dental treatment makes the condition worse. In the present case, intravenous deep sedation with propofol and remifentanil was administered for behavioral management during dental treatment successfully.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2022

Background: No consensus exists regarding whether volatile anesthetics are superior to intravenous anesthetics for reducing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing general anesthesia for surgery. Studies of this issue focused on anatomic pulmonary resection are lacking. This study compared the effects of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) versus volatile anesthesia on PPCs after anatomic pulmonary resection in patients with lung cancer. Methods: This retrospective study examined the medical records of patients with lung cancer who underwent lung resection at our center between January 2018 and October 2020. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs, which included prolonged air leak, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, empyema, atelectasis requiring bronchofiberscopy (BFS), acute lung injury (ALI), bronchopleural fistula (BPF), pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary edema. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the 2 groups. In total, 579 anatomic pulmonary resection cases were included in the final analysis. Results: The analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the volatile anesthesia and TIVA groups in terms of PPCs, except for prolonged air leak. Neither of the groups showed atelectasis requiring BFS, ALI, BPF, pulmonary embolism, or pulmonary edema after PSM. However, the length of hospitalization, intensive care unit stay, and duration of chest tube indwelling were shorter in the TIVA group. Conclusion: Volatile anesthetics showed no superiority compared to TIVA in terms of PPCs after anatomical pulmonary resection in patients with lung cancer. Considering the advantages of each anesthetic modality, appropriate anesthetic modalities should be used in patients with different risk factors and situations.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.271-280
• /
• 2017

Background: The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease is growing worldwide, and the proportion of patients requiring dental treatment under general anesthesia increases with increasing severity of the disease. However, outpatient anesthesia management for these patients involves great risks, as most patients with Alzheimer's disease are old and may show reduced cardiopulmonary functions and have cognitive disorders. Methods: This study retrospectively investigated 43 patients with Alzheimer's disease who received outpatient anesthesia for dental treatment between 2012-2017. Pre-anesthesia patient evaluation, dental treatment details, anesthetics dose, blood pressure, duration and procedure of anesthesia, and post-recovery management were analyzed and compared between patients who underwent general anesthesia or intravenous sedation. Results: Mean age of patients was about 70 years; mean duration of Alzheimer's disease since diagnosis was 6.3 years. Severity was assessed using the global deterioration scale; 62.8% of patients were in level ${\geq}6$. Mean duration of anesthesia was 178 minutes for general anesthesia and 85 minutes for intravenous sedation. Mean recovery time was 65 minutes. Eleven patients underwent intravenous sedation using propofol, and 22/32 cases involved total intravenous anesthesia using propofol and remifentanil. Anesthesia was maintained with desflurane for other patients. While maintaining anesthesia, inotropic and atropine were used for eight and four patients, respectively. No patient developed postoperative delirium. All patients were discharged without complications. Conclusion: With appropriate anesthetic management, outpatient anesthesia was successfully performed without complications for dental treatment for patients with severe Alzheimer's disease.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2013

근이영양증은 점진적인 근육 약화를 특징으로 하는 유전질환이다. 그 중 후쿠야마 선천성 근이영양증은 상염색체 열성으로 유전되며, 영아기 초기부터 시작되어 중추신경계, 안면근 등에도 이환되고 다발성 관절구축도 나타난다. 근이영양증 환자는 호흡기계나 심장 등의 합병증 발생 위험이 있으며, 특히 흡입마취제를 이용한 전신마취 시 악성고열증 가능성이 문제가 된다. 본 증례에서는 후쿠야마 선천성 근이영양증을 가진 3세 9개월 여아의 다발성 우식증을 전정맥마취 하에 치료하였다. 전신마취 유도 및 유지를 위해 프로포폴을 효과처 농도 $3{\sim}3.5{\mu}g/mL$, 진통 효과를 위해 레미펜타닐을 1.5 ng/mL 목표농도 조절주입하였다. 적절한 마취 심도와 안정적인 생징후를 유지하며 합병증 발생없이, 후쿠야마 선천성 근이영양증 환아의 전정맥마취하 다발성 치아우식 치료가 성공적으로 이루어져 이를 보고하고자 한다.

• 의료법학
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.61-99
• /
• 2017

마취는 수술 등 의료행위 시 많은 경우 필요불가결하게 동반될 수밖에 없고 마취 자체가 가진 특성 때문에 그로 인한 의료사고가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 마취와 관련된 의료사고가 의사의 과실로 인한 것인지를 판단하기 위해서는 마취의 전 단계를 통하여 의사 등 의료진에게 어떠한 주의의무가 요구되는지를 알아야 한다. 이 글에서는 이러한 주의의무의 기준 등을 알아보기 위하여 마취 관련된 의료사고로 판결이 선고된 1990년대부터 현재까지의 대법원 판결들과 최근의 하급심 판결사례들, 프로포폴이 사용된 사례들을 분석해보았다. 분석 결과 과거 흡입마취로 문제가 된 사례가 많았던 반면 최근에는 주로 정맥마취제나 국소마취제의 사용으로 문제가 된 사례가 많은 것을 알 수 있었고, 특히 마취제 중 프로포폴이 관련된 사고가 2007년경 이후부터 상당히 많이 발생하여 법적 분쟁이 이루어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 그런데 대법원 판례들은 대부분 과거 흡입마취로 마취한 사례여서, 흡입마취의 경우 마취 시 의료진의 주의의무의 정도와 내용에 관해 어느 정도 기준이 제시되고 있었으나, 그 외의 경우에는 그러한 기준이 제시되었다고 보기에는 미흡해 보였다. 프로포폴의 사용과 관련한 마취사고가 끊이지 않고 있는 현실 등에 비추어 볼 때 우선 의료현장에서 각각의 마취제의 사용에 관한 임상지침 등을 세우고 이를 지켜나가는 것이 중요하겠지만, 의료현실이나 의료 관행에 하나의 나침반 역할을 할 수 있도록 법원에서도 우리의 현실에 맞는 적절한 주의의무의 기준을 제시하는 것이 필요하다고 하겠다.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.50-54
• /
• 2019

본 증례는 다수의 치아우식증을 주소로 내원한 근이영양증 환자의 전신마취 하 치과치료에 대한 보고이다. 근이영양증 환자들은 진행성 근육 약화로 인해 구강위생 관리하기가 힘들고 치아우식이 호발할 수 있다. 따라서 정기적으로 치과를 내원하고 올바른 구강 위생 습관을 확립할 수 있도록 환자 및 보호자교육을 실시하여야 한다. 치과치료 시에는 흡인으로 인한 호흡기 합병증이 발생하지 않도록 액체의 흡입을 주의 깊게 하여야 한다. 비협조적이거나 매우 어린 근이영양증 환자에서는 전신마취가 필요할 수 있다. 전신마취 시에는 악성 고열증의 위험 때문에 휘발성 마취제를 피해야 한다.