• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2017

Background: There are no studies regarding 4% articaine infiltration injection into the retro-molar area for an impacted lower third molar (LITM) surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of infiltration using 1.7 ml (single cartridge: SC) of 4% articaine versus 3.4 ml (double cartridges: DC) of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in LITM surgery. Method: This study involved 30 healthy patients with symmetrical LITM. The patients were assigned to receive either a DC or SC of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine as a local anesthetic for each operation. Onset, duration, profoundness, need for additional anesthetic administration, total volume of anesthetic used, vitality of the tooth, and pain score during operation were recorded. Results: The DC of 4 % articaine had a significantly higher success rate (83.3%) than did the SC (53.3%; P<0.05). The duration of soft tissue anesthesia was longer in the DC group. The intra-operative pain was higher in the SC group with a significant (P < 0.05) requirement for a supplementary local anesthetic. Conclusion: We concluded that using DC for the infiltration injection had a higher success rate, longer duration of anesthesia, less intra-operative pain, and a lower amount of additional anesthesia than SC in the surgical removal of LITM. We recommend that a DC of 4% articaine and a 1:100,000 epinephrine infiltration in the retro-molar region can be an alternative anesthetic for LITM surgery.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2020

Background: The anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique has been reported to be a less traumatic alternative to several conventional nerve blocks and local infiltration for anesthesia of the maxillary teeth, their periodontium, and the palate. However, its anatomic basis remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine if the pattern of cortical and cancellous bone density in the maxillary premolar region can provide a rationale for the success of the AMSA anesthetic technique. Method: Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 66 maxillary quadrants from 34 patients (16 men and 18 women) were evaluated using a volumetric imaging software for cortical and cancellous bone densities in three interdental regions between the canine and first molar. Bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) separately for the buccal cortical, palatal cortical, buccal cancellous, and palatal cancellous bones. Mean HU values were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis. Results: Cancellous bone density was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) in the palatal half than in the buccal half across all three interdental regions. However, there was no significant difference (P = 0.106) between the buccal and palatal cortical bone densities at the site of AMSA injection. No significant difference was observed between the two genders for any of the evaluated parameters. Conclusions: The palatal half of the cancellous bone had a significantly lower density than the buccal half, which could be a reason for the effective diffusion of the anesthetic solution following a palatal injection during the AMSA anesthetic technique.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2000

한우에 있어서 생체내 난자 채취기술과 체외수정 기술을 접목하여 고능력 한우로부터 수정란을 대량 생산하기 위한 기초 연구로서, 발정주기에 따른 난소의 크기와 난포의 발육 양상을 초음파진단기를 이용하여 조사하였으며, 여러 마취.진정제를 조합 이용하여 마취효과를 조사하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 한우의 난소의 크기는 도축 난소의 실측치와 생체에서 초음파진단기를 이용한 측정치간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았으며, 발정주기중 난포기때와 황체기때 크기를 비교해도 유의적인 차는 인정되지 않았다. 2. 한우의 발정주기중 난소내 발육하는 소난포와 중난포의 수는 3일과 12일 째에 증가하는 한 발정주기에 2회의 난포발육기가 있었다. 3. 한우의 최적 마취조합은 0.3$m\ell$ 의 Rompun(equation omitted)을 근육주사하고 5$m\ell$의 lidocaine 을 경막외 마취한 후 lidocaine 2$m\ell$을 자궁경에 도포하는 경우였다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.155-157
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• 1987

기관 절개술 후에 발생한 기관협착증 환자에 기관절제술을 하지 않고 천신마취 하에서 Trough method를 성공적으로 시행하였기에 이에 문헌적 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.195-199
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• 1996

Based on points of neuroendocrine physiology, stimulus developed at the acupuncture site can pass to the pituitary gland through somatosensory and activated descending inhibitory mechanism which originated in raphe magnus of midbrain. For the operation of mandible fracture, acupuncture anesthesia was performed at 6 points of both forearm and both feet by method taking point on distant segment. Acupuncture anesthesia deals with central analgesic mechanism and the theory of diffuse noxious inhibitory control.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2010

가쪽날개근은 턱의 기능을 수행하는데 기본적인 저작근 중의 하나이다. 이 근육은 저작계의 심부에 위치하기 때문에 손가락을 이용한 촉진검사가 어려우며 그 결과도 신뢰할 만하지 못하다. 이러한 이유로 임상의에게 가쪽날개근에 이환된 근육통 질환을 진단하는 것은 쉽지 않은 문제이다. 근육내 국소마취 주사는 통증의 근원지를 감별하는 목적으로서 가쪽날개근을 검사하는 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있다. 또한 근육통을 즉각적으로 제거함으로써 근육을 전체 길이만큼 신장하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 저자들은 근육내 국소마취 주사를 이용하여 가쪽날개근의 근육통을 성공적으로 진단하고 치료한 두 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 1995

Stellate ganglion block is a selective sympathetic blockade affecting the head and neck, and the upper extemity. It is an important method which has been used most frequently in neuro-pain clinic due to its wide range of indications. The authors attermpted to define the minimal volume of local anesthetic which need for successful stellate ganglion block by using 1% mepivacaine HCl mixed with dye. In 40 heathy volunteers, two different volumes, 3 ml in the group 1 (n=20) and 4 ml in the group 2 (n=20), were injected by an anterior paratracheal technique at the sixth cervical vertebral level. We compared the degree in sympathetic blockade by clinical sings and symptoms and also checked the spread range of dye by plain X-ray. With seven criteria for an effective block. mean score was 5.7 in group 2, while 3.4 in group 1. These results suggest that 4 ml of local anesthetic are adequate for a successful stellate ganglion block.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Periodontal procedures require adequate anesthesia not only to ensure the patient's comfort but also to enhance the operator's performance and minimize chair time. In the maxilla, anesthesia is often achieved using highly traumatic nerve blocks, apart from multiple local infiltrations through the buccal vestibule. In recent years, anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) field block has been claimed to be a less traumatic alternative to several of these conventional injections, and it has many other advantages. This critical review of the existing literature aimed to discuss the rationale, mechanism, effectiveness, extent, and duration of AMSA injections for periodontal surgical and non-surgical procedures in the maxilla. It also focused on future prospects, particularly in relation to computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery systems, which aim to achieve the goal of pain-free anesthesia. A literature search of different databases was performed to retrieve relevant articles related to AMSA injections. After analyzing the existing data, it can be concluded that this anesthetic technique may be used as a predictable method of effective palatal anesthesia with adequate duration for different periodontal procedures. It has additional advantages of being less traumatic, requiring lesser amounts of local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors, as well as achieving good hemostasis. However, its effect on the buccal periodontium appears highly unpredictable.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.399-403
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of electrode placement on procaine iontophoresis. Thirty-three healthy students with an age range of 19 to 34 years, were participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Each subjects received iontophoresis on the proximal 1/3 of volar surface of dominant forearm with soft cotton pad($3.5{\times}3.5cm$) soaked in 2 ml of 4% procaine hydrochloride (pH 5.1) at 4 mA for 10 minutes(total current 40 mA min) of anodal DC. In transversal electrode placement(TEP) group, dispersive electrode was placed on the proximal 1/3 of dorsal surface of the forearm. In longitudinal electrode placement (LEP) group and control group, dispersive electrode were placed on the distal 1/3 of volar surface of the forearm. After procaine iontophoresis, duration of anesthesia were evaluated at five minutes intervals on five random locations in the iontophoretically area using a 21-gauge sterile hypodermic needle pressed with 1 mm invagination until return the sharp pin-pricking pain sensation. The data were ana lysed with one-way ANOVA to determine signific~nt differences between groups. The results showed significantly differences in the local anesthetic duration between the 3 groups(p<0.001). The anesthetic durations of TEP group and LEP group were significantly longer when compared with control group(p<0.05). Anesthetic durations of TEP group and LEP group were not significantly difference, but anesthetic duration of LEP group tends to longer than TEP group. In view of these results, clinicians should consider the electrode placement method when performing the iontophoresis.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2016

Background: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) of the mandible is commonly used in the oral cavity as an anesthetic technique for dental procedures. This study evaluated the success rate of the first IANB administered by dental practitioners. Methods: Volunteer dental practitioners at Mahidol University who had never performed an INAB carried out 106 INAB procedures. The practitioners were divided into 12 groups with their advisors by randomized control trials. We recorded the success rate via pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Results: A large percentage of the dental practitioners (85.26%) used the standard method to locate the anatomical landmarks, injecting the local anesthetic at the correct position, with the barrel of the syringe parallel to the occlusal plane of the mandibular teeth. Further, 68.42% of the dental practitioners injected the local anesthetic on the right side by using the left index finger for retraction. The onset time was approximately 0-5 mins for nearly half of the dental practitioners (47.37% for subjective onset and 43.16% for objective onset), while the duration of the IANB was approximately 240-300 minutes (36.84%) after the initiation of numbness. Moreover, the VAS pain scores were $2.5{\pm}1.85$ and $2.1{\pm}1.8$ while injecting and delivering local anesthesia, respectively. Conclusions: The only recorded factor that affected the success of the local anesthetic was the administering practitioner. This reinforces the notion that local anesthesia administration is a technique-sensitive procedure.