• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2008

To find out the relationship between the experience of clinical practice and the performance confidence, some 2nd and 3rd grade students in D health college who completed clinical practice in 2008. Sept. were surveyed. The results are as follows. 1. During the clinical practice of the dental hygiene students, the performance experience was highest in the basic prep. part among every part. As for the dental hygiene part, the students showed more than 70%, rather higher performance experience in the following parts: arrangement before and after treatment, suction, basic instruments setup, local anesthesia setup, extraction setup, resin filling setup, temporary filling setup, cements mixing, and ligation and removal setup. 2. As for performance confidence, those with performance experience showed higher performance confidence than those with only observation experience or with no experience in every treatment field except basic prep. (p < 0.001). 3. It was proven that the hygiene students have seldom had performance experience in other treatment parts except in assisting treatment part in clinical practice. In order to improve future performance experience on dental hygiene activities, subsequent research is needed to set more specific and objective criterion about the dental hygiene students' clinical practice.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2006

When routine behavior control is impossible, midazolam is often used for sedation, because it has wide margin of safety, relatively few side-effects and multiple route of administration. Although intramuscular administration of all administration route is frequently used, it is a major source of anxiety, discomfort, and trauma in children. To the contrary, oral administration of midazolam is easily administered and accepted by children. But, it's therapeutic drug concentration has not been established. The purpose of this study was to compare sedation effect and physiologic parameter of oral midazolam which palliate demerits of intramuscular administration in sedating young pediatric patients with intramuscular midazolam Twelve negative children, mean age 62.5 months, who needed at least two separate restorative visits, requiring local anesthesia participated in this study On every visit, one of the following 2 different sedative regimen was given : (1) 0.30mg/kg midazolam by intramuscular administration (2) 0.75mg/kg by oral administration. Physiologic parameter(oxygen saturation, heart rate) was recorded by ten procedure and behavior was videotaped and rated using Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale and Automated Counting System by one investigator, blind to administration route The analyzed sedative effect of oral midazolam resulted in good sedative effect, comparing to intramuscular route, And there is no statistically difference between oral and intramuscular administration of midazolam (p>0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2012

Although the stainless steel crowns have been recognized as the most effective and durable form of restoration for primary molars, they have been regarded by many dentists as having definite demerits such as invasive nature of procedural complexity and behavioral aspects of children. As an alternative to conventional technique of stainless steel crown restoration, the Hall technique was first introduced in 1988, which is characterized by just pushing the pre-contoured, cement filled crown form onto the abutment molar with no local anesthesia, no caries removal, no tooth preparation. According to several reports, this can slow, arrest, or even reverse the progress of caries. In addition, its atraumatic feature gives less discomfort and stress to children than conventional one, which is thought excellent especially in younger children. Also, It has been reported to be effective and acceptable to dentist, child patients and their parents. In this case study, three children with age of 4 years 5 months, 4 years 10 months, 6 years 4 months were treated with stainless steel crowns using Hall technique on first primary molar respectively. The teeth were free from pulpal, periapical pathology. After follow up of about 3 to 6 months period, the results showed clinically successful outcomes without any marked complication in pulp, tooth or soft tissue till now. But, it should be kept in mind that this technique is not proper to every child, every carious molar, or every dentist. Thorough distinction of indicated cases and continuous follow-up check is highly required. Conclusively, Hall technique might be an effective and realistic minimally invasive alternative for the carious primary molars especially in younger or disabled children, despite potential doubts on its efficacy and some definite limitations.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.413-417
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• 2002

Mucocele is a mucous retention phenomenon which is caused by a laceration to the duct of minor salivary glands causing extravasation of mucin into the connective tissue forming a cyst-like space. Sialolithiasis of minor salivary glands and chronic obstruction of salivary glands may also cause such a phenomenon. Mucocele is a smooth, rounded sessile mass with diameters varying from 1 to 15mm of sudden appearance. Mucocele tying directly beneath the mucosa may rupture spontaneously and decrease in size, but frequently recurs. Lower lip is most frequently affected, and the mouth floor and buccal vestibule may also be affected. Enucleation of the cyst is needed and removal of minor salivary glands, marsupialization and cryotherapy may also be done. The mucocele frequently recurs after its removal. A 1-year-old female patient visited the hospital with a complaint of a swelling on the lower lip since 4 months before. She had no pain history but 4 months ago, fell and such symptom appeared since then. On her first visit, a bullous solid, opaque lesion of 5mm in diameter was noted. Treatment choice of surgical approach and nonsurgical approach were explained to the guardian. Considering the patient's age, the guardian agreed to a nonsurgical procedure. Treatment was carried out by tieing 3-0 silk to the base of the lesion. One week later, the tie loosened and was re-tied. A week later, the mucocele disappeared. Mucocele on the lower lip may be usually be treated by surgical removal, but this may traumatize the surrounding minor salivary gland causing it to recur. Also, surgicial removal may induce an ischemic change causing sialometaplasia. In case of young patients or children with management problems, non-surgical methods such as this tie method may be used. This tie method does not need any local anesthesia and has no pain, no secondary infection, and low bleeding tendency.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1977.06a
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• pp.9.2-9
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• 1977

A Statistical study was carried out on 64 cases of the foreign bodies in the food and air passages, who visited the Dept. of Otolaryng. of Korea General Hospital from Jan. 1971 to Dec. 1976. The following results were obtained. 1. The total number of foreign bodies were 64 cases, which is approximately 0.69% of the total number of new patients who visited the out patient department during the same period. Among them 55 cases were foreign bodies in the food passage and 9 cases were foreign bodies in the air passage. The ratio between the food and air passages was about 6.1 : 1. 2. The frequently encountered foreign bodies in the esophagus were coin, bone, meat and food particle in order. Bean and peanut were male and 31 case the most frequent foreign bodies in the air passage. 3. In sex distribution, 33 cases were male and 31 cases were female, and the ratio between male was 1.1:1. 4. In the age distribution, 35 cases (54.7%) of all foreign bodies were under 5-year-old, especially coin was 96.2%. 5. The most prevalent site of lodgement in the food passage was the 1st esophageal narrowing, which corresponds to 69.1%. 6. In duration of lodgement, 38 cases (69.1%) of foreign bodies in the food passage were removed within 24 hours, and the longest duration was 90 days. 7. Almost all of the foreign bodies in the food and air passages were removed under local or no anesthesia by esophagoscopy, laryngoscopy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.567-571
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose was to assess the usefulness of midazolam in patients undergoing minor oral surgery under conscious sedation. Materials and methods: Bispectral index was examined in 20 patients receiving oral minor surgery with conscious sedation supplemented with local anesthesia. All patients included were ASA I and had no contraindications to the study medications. The patients were escorted to the day surgery operation room where, before the commencement of the sedation and surgical procedures, routine monitoring was applied, including the noninvasive monitoring of arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and 3-lead electrocardiogram (Electrocardiogram). Bispectral index electrodes were applied on the frontotemporal region after cleansing the skin with alcohol. Bispectral index was calculated with the Electrocardiogram monitor (A-2000; Aspect Co.). Midazolam was then titrated (initially 3mg wait 2min and 2mg). Vital sign and Bispectral index checked every 5 minute until the end of the procedure. The results were then compared. Results: The Bispectral index index values throughout the sedation study period alter many level. The index was dropped at 5 minutes after administration, but raised at injection and odontomy procedure. During the operation, mean Bispectral index index was higher than conscious sedation index range($60{\sim}80$). The amnesic effect was shown 17 cases out of 20 cases(85%). Conclusion: Conscious sedation technique using midazolma is a safe and effective method of controlling behavior in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.461-471
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• 2006

In order to achieve a satisfactory esthetic result of periodontal surgery or implant in maxillary anterior area, periodontists must be aware of normal alveolar bone anatomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of alveolar bone morphology to tooth shape and form. 78(mean age : 25 yrs) periodontally healthy volunteers participated in this study. Two maxillary central incisor and one lateral incisor were selected to study. With minimal local anesthesia, gutta-percha cone inserted to labial gingival sulcus of selected teeth just after bone sounding with periodontal probe. Metal ball (4mm diameter) attached to palatal fossa of central incisor. Then, periapical radiograph was taken according to long cone paralleling technique. After film scan, labial alveolar bone profile reproduced along interproximal bone and apical ends of gutta-percha cones on computer screen. By utilizing computer program, the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest in central incisor-central incisor and central incisor-lateral incisor area was measured and converted to real distance by using vertical length of metal ball on film. After measuring crown length & width of central incisor, the 10 individuals ranked lowest GW/L ratio (crown width/length ratio) and the 10 ranked highest were selected as having a long-narrow(group N), or a short-wide(group W) form of the central incisors. Means of the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N, W were calculated and compared by means of independent t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest was $3.5{\pm}0.7mm$ between two central incisor, and $2.8{\pm}0.6mm$ between central and lateral incisor. 2. Mean GW/L ratio of group N was 0.57, and group W was 0.8. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N was higher than group W in both measured area(measurements of group N, W were $3.9{\pm0.2mm$ and $3.5{\pm}0.2mm$ between two central incisor, $3.0{\pm}0.2mm$ and $2.8{\pm}0.2mm$ between central and lateral incisor), but there were no statistically significant differences when the groups were compared. Within the limits of the present study, there was a tendency that subjects with long-narrow teeth have more scalloped alveolar bone profile than subjects with short-wide teeth in upper anterior area, but no statistically significant differences were found.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.11.2-11
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• 1981

Compared with other medical parts, there are relatively rare cases of the calculi in the Otolaryngologic field. The authors have recently experienced cases of the tonsillolith and huge rhinolith. They were removed successfully under the local anesthesia. Small quantities of calcareous or gritty particles are often found in the center of the caseous plugs filling the crypts of the tonsil in chronic follicular tonsillitis. The patients usually give a history of repeated tonsillitis in the earlier years. The patient may be aware of a constant sensation as of a foreign body in the throat. The breath is often fetid. The tonsillar calculi was found to be the accumulated keratohyalin masses in the crypts. The rhinoliths are rare in nasal cavity. They usualy have a foreign body nucleus of bacteria, blood, pus cells, mucus, crusts, or some foreign material from outside the body. They are largely composed of calcium and magnesium salts, principally carbonate with traces of sodium chloride. The condition is commonly found in adults and in female. They are usualy unilateral and are located, in the majority of instances, in the lower portion of the nasal cavity. The first well documented cases of rhinolithiasis, however, were reported by Bartholin in 1654. Since then over 400 cases have been reported.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2011

Purpose: Retro-orbicularis oculi fat (ROOF) and preseptal fat pad (PSF) are deep fat structures of frontal and supraorbital area, that encounter galeal fat pad (GFP). If galeal wall is weakened by aging process, GFP loses its anchoring structure, moved downward pushing ROOF and PSF. This especially occur in lateral brow area. As a result of drooping, eyebrow affects the eyelid covering PSF as a sac descended to a lateral hooding and ptotic eyelid simultaneously. Consequently, in the case of lateral hooding and brow ptosis, besides the skin, deep fat structures (ROOF and PSF) should be corrected as well. Methods: ROOF-PSF repositioning technique in subbrow resection were performed. 21 cases of patients from April, 2007 to January, 2008. Before surgery, all patients were examined carefully to evaluate the degrees of dermatochalasia, drooping of the eyebrow, marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), eyelid crease height. Surgery was performed under local anesthesia, then excised the drooped eyelid skin by lateral subbrow resection, removed proper amount of ROOF, repositioned ROOF-PSF at the supraorbital rim, and fix it on periosteum. During follow up periods, the patients were surveyed of the satisfaction of surgery, and postoperative MRD1 was evaluated. Results: One patient had a hematoma on left eyebrow, and another one patient had a numbness on left forehead for two months. Except for these two patients, all patients had good results without any significant complications. The mean follow up period was about 5 months, and the position of lateral eyebrow maintained above the supraorbital rim in all cases. Postoperatively, MRD1 increased by 0.8 mm in 5-months mean follow up period. Conclusion: In patient with lateral brow ptosis and lateral hooding, the ROOF-PSF repositioning technique in sub-brow resection could be a good operative option.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2011

Purpose: To correct the upper lip depression after the correction of unilateral cleft lip, autologous grafts such as bone, dermal, fascial grafts and fat injections or alloplastic implants are used. Transplanted bones, dermis and fascia have a tendency to be absorbed and have donor morbidity. Fat injections are absorbed inconsistently and alloplastic implants have problems such as foreign body reactions, protrusions and infections. Authors corrected the upper lip depression using conchal cartilage graft in unilateral cleft lip deformity and the results was analysed with photos. Methods: 26-unilateral cleft lip and 2-microform cleft lip cases, totally 28 cases were performed. Their mean age was 21.89 years. The male and female cases were 12 and 16, respectively. Under anesthesia (general: 18 cases and local: 10 cases), cavum conchae (n=8), cymba conchae (n=16) and whole conchae (n=4) were harvested. Transversely cut the margin of the obtained cartilage, we cut out the most bent portion and put a partial-thickness incision on concave surface in cases of excessive convexity. Then, we performed the onlay graft of the conchal cartilage via scar revision site in unilateral cleft lip and via the reconstruction site of the cupid bow in microform cleft lip. The augmentation of the upper lip was evaluated with photos. Adapting the baseline connecting between the both cheilions as a horizontal standard line, we measured the highest point among the tangents between the upper lip and nose (point a), the lowest point (point c), the middle point between a and c (point b) and the vertical line from the alare (point d) to the horizontal standard line. To assess the postoperative symmetry, we compared cleft side upper lip contour index (%) A,B,C,D=(a,b,c,d)-ch ${\times}$ 100/(ch-ch) and non-cleft side upper lip contour index (%) A',B',C',D'= (a',b',c',d')-ch ${\times}$ 100 / (ch-ch).h) Results: After the surgery, no complication was found except in one case which double layers graft performed in the cleft lip deformity, the lateral portion was protruded. The upper lip contour index, the difference of A and A' were-0.83%, and thus the mild depression was persisted. Difference of B and B', C and C', D and D' were 0.83%, 1.07%, 0.90%. There were statistically significant difference, and thus the depression of upper lip were improved generally. Conclusion: Authors performed the onlay graft of the conchal cartilage in unilateral cleft lip deformity and found that the depression of the upper lip was well corrected except the uppermost part when photogrammetrically analyzed.