• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.464-467
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• 2001

Aplastic anemia is a hematopoietic disorder characterized by marked reduction or absence of erythoid, granulocytic, and megakariocytic cells in the bone marrow with resultant pancytopenia. To control of infection & bleeding secondary to leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, the inflammatory lesions in oral & maxillofacial area should be removed. Material & Method: The extractions were performed on 21 patients with severe aplastic anemia. The initial, pre-operative and postoperative CBCs were checked up. Amount and kind of transfused platelet in each patient and increment of platelet level were recorded. The complications were documented. Result : A mean of 2.9 teeth were extracted from each patient(ranging between 1 and 13). Furthermore, surgical extractions including ostectomy and odontectomy of the third molar were performed on 11 patients. The preoperative WBC levels presented between $600/{\mu}L$ and $5000/{\mu}L$(mean $2376/{\mu}L$). The WBC values decreased by an average of $145/{\mu}L$ per patient after extractions had been performed. The teeth of 16 patients were extracted under 10.0g/dL, and the mean change in postoperative hemoglobin levels in comparison with preoperative hemoglobin levels was -0.06 per patient. The initial platelet levels were between 1000/(L and $81,000/{\mu}L$(mean $20,174/{\mu}L$). In five patients, extractions were performed with platelet levels less than $50,000/{\mu}L$. Conclusion : The results suggest that more active and preventive treatments in the oral and maxillofacial area are possible and are necessary to remove the infectious foci on the patients with severe aplastic anemia. We report the results of our experiences and literature reviews in treatment of the patients with severe aplastic anemia in our department.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.837-851
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• 1999

In order to inverstigate interactive effects of Samultang(SMT) and SMT composition and the principle of prescription, I examined the effects of SMT and combination of three components of SMT, In C57BL/6 mouse with oral administration of SMT and cyclophosphamide(CTX) treatment, white blood cells, platelet were counted. Also, those were anti-anemia effect for rat which have hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine. The results were summerized as follows : 1. In vivo analysis of the effect of the SMT by orally administrated C57BL/6 mice with the SMT and was treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX). When the number of white blood cell. platelet was counted, there was ameliorative effects of leucopenia or thrombocytopenia as a protection to CTX. 2. It was acknowledged that SMT and its composition increased RBC count and hemlytic significantly in rat which have hemolytic anemia. 3. Among SMT composition Angelicae gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma solution and among the combination group Rehmanniae Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma combination and SMT solution showed significant effects for hemoglobin and weight of spleen in mouse which have hemolytic anemia. Thus it was acknowledged that Rehmanniae Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma combination had effect to improve hemoglobin and weight of spleen. From above these results it was acknowledged that SMT has effects that ameliorative effects of leucopenia or thrombocytopenia as a protection to CTX and anti-anemic effect for the rat which have hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine and these effects depend upon its combination of SMT composition. Especially it was acknowleged, though there are the slight difference according to combination, that Paeoniae Radix Alba combination had improving effect for physical change. So it is though that Paeoniae Radix Alba is main material for this kind of disease and continuous study is needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.532-539
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to assess th iron nutritional status of pregnant women and to evaluate the appropriateness of the present cut off levels of hemoglobin(Hgb), hematocrit(Hct) and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) for assessing iron deficiency status. Pregnant women who were visiting public helath centers in Ulsan were interviewed and agreed to attend the study. Blood sample was taken and biochemical analysis of blood was performed. The collected data were classified into 3 trimesters by gestational age and then statistical analysis was performed. The prevalence of anemia in all subjects was 32.3% by WHO criteria(Hgb < 11.0g/dl) and 17.8% of all subjects was iron deficient anemia by CDC criteria(Hgb < 11.0/dl and serum ferritin < 12.0ug/l). Since the iron deficient anemia generally occures at the last stage of iron deficiency, it is not efficient to diagnose and prevent the iron deficient anemia in pregnant women by using the present cut off level of Hgb. Therefore, the new cut off level of iron status indices is necessary for assessing iron deficiency in early pregnancy before manifestation of anemia and for reducing the prevalence of anemia in later pregnancy. For this reason, the present cut off levels of iron status indices were estimated and compared by assessing the iron deficiency judged by serum ferritin level (<12.0ug/l)as true iron deficiency. It follows from the results of this research that present cut off levels of Hgb, Hct and TIBC were very insensitive in identifying the subjection with iron deficiency. The appropriate cut off levels of Hgb were 11.5g/dl for total period of pregnancy, 12.0g/dl for 1st and 3rd trimester, and 11.5g/dl for 2nd trimester. The cut off level of Hct was 34.0% for total period for pregnancy, 35.0% for 1st trimester, and 34.0% for 2nd and 3rd trimester. The cut off level of TIBC was 400ug/dl for total period, 360ug/dl for 1st 2nd trimester, and 450ug/dl for 3rd trimester.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.301-306
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• 2019

Purpose: Coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) are the most important complications of Kawasaki disease (KD). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent micronutrient deficiency and its association with KD remains unknown. We hypothesized that presence of IDA could be a predictor of CAA. Methods: This retrospective study included 173 KD patients, divided into 2 groups according to absence (group 1) and presence (group 2) of CAA. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a logistic regression model to estimate the association between CAA and other indicators. Due to collinearity between indicators of IDA, each indicator was paired with anemia in 3 models. Results: Serum iron, iron saturation, and ferritin concentration, the 3 indicators of IDA, were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. Three sets of models including anemia with iron indicators produced the OR of CAA of 3.513, 3.171, and 2.256, respectively. The 3 indicators of IDA were negatively associated with CAA, by OR of 0.965, 0.914, and 0.944, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of ferritin concentration, iron saturation, serum iron, anemia, and Kobayashi score were 0.907 (95% CI, 0.851-0.963), 0.729 (95% CI, 0.648-0.810), 0.711 (95% CI, 0.629-0.793), 0.638 (95% CI, 0.545-0.731), and 0.563 (95% CI, 0.489-0.636), respectively. Conclusion: Indicators of IDA, especially ferritin, were highly associated with CAA; therefore, they were stronger predictors of CAA than Kobayashi scores. IDA indicators can be used to predict CAA development and to suggest requirements for early interventions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.181-200
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bojungikgi-tang (BJIG) and its modifications for patients with anemia. Methods: The subject of analysis of this study was a parallel design randomized controlled trial in which BJIG or its modifications was administered orally to patients who met the World Health Organization's anemia criteria and the efficacy and safety were prospectively measured. Electronic databases were searched to retrieve eligible literature published from 1 January 2000 to 12 February 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted, and the risk of bias (RoB) and level of evidence of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool and GRADE method, respectively. Results: Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. When BJIG or its modifications was administered to anemia patients receiving conventional treatment, additional benefits compared to the non-administered group were found in terms of an increase in red blood cell count (mean difference (MD) 0.46 × 10¹²/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 0.74), hemoglobin concentration (MD 9.28 g/L, 95% CI 6.06 to 12.51), hematocrit (MD 2.57%, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.38), total effective rate (odds ratio 5.29, 95% CI 2.05 to 13.68), and traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores (standardized MD -1.51, 95% CI -2.79 to -0.24). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the clinical potential of BJIG and its modifications to provide additional benefits to patients with anemia receiving conventional treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.157-163
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• 2019

This study determines the difference in prevalence of anemia and hemoglobin concentration between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and control groups in the elderly. Moreover, this study also examines the prevalence of anemia and hemoglobin concentration according to the severity of COPD in the elderly. Medical records of 8150 participants who answered the 7th National Health and Nutritional Survey conducted in 2016 were reviewed, and a total of 694 participants was included in the analysis. Participants were classified into two groups: COPD and control groups. Laboratory studies on hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell concentration and prevalence of anemia were collected. Subgroup analysis was also conducted according to the severity of COPD. No significant differences were determined for the prevalence of anemia and hemoglobin concentration between both groups. Hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the COPD group. Although not statistically significant, there was a tendency for decrease in the prevalence of anemia and increase in the hemoglobin concentration as the severity of COPD increased. Our findings present specific data about the prevalence of anemia and hemoglobin concentration in elderly patients with COPD. Hence, we propose that occurrence of anemia in elderly patients with COPD requires further evaluation of the causes.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.820-826
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was conducted to evaluate the red cell indices and frequency of iron deficiency anemia based on the feeding patterns of nine-month-old infants. Methods : Blood tests were performed on 253 nine-month-old infants, who visited Il Sin Christian Hospital for health check-ups from January to December 2007. Their parents answered telephonic questions regarding their feeding patterns and weaning foods. Results : Three infants groups were created according to feeding patterns before they started weaning foods. One group was exclusively breast-fed (48.6%), another had mixed feeding (27.3%), and the third had artificial milk feeding (24.1%). Red cell indices (hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH) of the breast-fed group were comparatively lower than those of the other two groups (P<0.05). Twenty-five infants (9.9%) were diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. According to feeding patterns, the frequency of anemia was highest in the breast-fed group. Six infants who started weaning foods before six months of age (113 infants) were diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia (5.3%), and nineteen who started after six months of age (140 infants) were diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia (13.6%). Conclusion : When nine-month old infants visit hospitals for health check-ups, pediatricians must consider their feeding pattern and weaning foods histories, and then recommend screening blood tests for iron-deficiency anemia.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.3 s.19
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• pp.146-151
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• 2005

Purpose: We have preoperatively and postoperatively investigated the characteristics of anemia in patients with gastric cancer in order to provide optimal medical care for the patients. Materials and Methods: Preoperative hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum vitamin $B_{12}$, and serum folic acid were measured for 321 patients with gastric cancer. These were measured again for 287 patients 6 months postoperatively. Results: Ninety-four patients (29.3%) had preoperative anemia. Preoperative hemoglobin, serum iron, and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ levels were higher in the patients with early gastric cancer than in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Preoperative hemoglobin, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels were higher in male patients than in female patients. The patients who had preoperative anemia showed a high probability of having postoperative anemia (P<0.001), and the patients who had low serum ferritin levels preoperatively showed a high probability of having low serum ferritin levels and iron deficiency anemia postoperatively (P<0.004). Conclusion: Preoperative ferritin deficiency should be improved by iron supplement, even though the patient may not be anemic at that time. Periodic postoperative measurements of the hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum vitamin $B_{12}$, and serum folic acid levels are highly recommended because postgastrectomy anemia is not rare. Finally, if any low hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum vitamin $B_{12}$, or serum folic acid levels are found, they should be treated in an appropriate way.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2007

Increased risk of gastric cancer has been reported in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis that develops in conjunction with pernicious anemia. We report here a case of a gastric adenocarcinoma associated with pernicious anemia. A 40-year-old female patient had been diagnosed with anemia 6 years earlier at a local hospital. One month ago, she visited our hospital for aggravated dizziness and newly developed epigastric soreness. Her blood hemoglobin level was 4.2 g/dl, and a gastroscopic work-up for anemia discovered a 2.5-cm-sized, slightly elevated mucosal lesion at the anterior wall of the high body in the stomach. The biopsy of this lesion revealed a moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma. She underwent a total gastrectomy with a Roux en Y esophagojejunostomy with D2 lymph node dissection. The final stage of the gastric carcinoma was identified as T1N0M0. Based on this experience, we recommend that a follow-up gastroscopy be performed in patients with pernicious anemia with atrophic gastritis because of the increased risk of gastric cancer in patients with pernicious anemia.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.362-369
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• 2002

Background : Anemia is still the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide, especially in adolescence because of an insufficient supply of iron, an increased iron requirement due to accelerated physical growth and blood loss due to menstruation in girls. This study was designed to assess the anemia and serum iron status of middle school girls. Methods : Hematologic examinations, physical examinations and questionnaires were performed for middle school girls in 1990, 1997, 1999 and 2000. Anemia was defined as a serum hemoglobin level of less than 11.5 g/dL. Iron deficiency was defined as a serum ferritin level of less than 10 ng/mL. Iron deficiency anemia was defined as anemia plus one of the following; MCV less than 78 fL, Ferritin level less than 10 ng/mL or Transferrin saturation rate less than 10%. Results : There was no significant difference in mean Hb between urban and rural areas and decreases in mean Hb as with age. The prevalence of anemia decreased by year; 13.5% in 1990, 6.9 % in 1997, 6.0% in 1999, and 5.7% in 2000. It was high in high school girls(10.1% in 1997 and 12.6% in 2000). The prevalence of iron deficiency decreased by year; 36.1% in 1990, 13.9% in 1997, 13.3% in 1999, and 23.2% in 2000. It was 21.3% in 1997 high school girls and 37.8% in 2000. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia(IDA) decreased by year; 10.0% in 1990, 4.6% in 1997, 8.3% in 1999, and 6.1% in 2000. It was 11.6% in 1997 high school girls and 18.6% in 2000. Conclusion : Although the prevalence of iron deficiency decreased during this period, the prevalence of anemia in the elder adolescence girls was high. Two things are recommended; first, it is necessary to screen for anemia in middle school girls and high risk groups, second, it is important to evaluate the knowledge of nutrition and to enforce effective nutritional education, leading to subjects receiving adequate nutrition.