• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.125-129
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• 2009

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and Parkinson's disease, are caused by neuronal cell death. Apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, excitotoxicity or ischemia are discussed to play a role of neuronal cell death. In order to find the candidate of neuroprotective agent, neuroprotective activity of some medicinal plants was investigated with in vitro assay system using glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. The aqueous methanolic extracts of twenty-seven medicinal plants were evaluated the protective effects against glutamate-injured excitotoxicity in rat cortical cells at the concentration of 50 $\mu$g/ml and 100 $\mu$g/ml, respectively. Among them, extracts of Lonicera japonica, Taraxacum platycarpum, Polygonum aviculare, Gardenia jasminoides, Forsythia viridissima, Lygodium japonicum, Panax notoginseng, Akebia quinata, Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Phellodendron amurense showed significantly neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary rat cortical cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.618-619
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• 2006

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.360-371
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• 2018

Extracts and fractions of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge were prepared and their physiological activities and components were analyzed. Antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions were $78{\mu}g/ml$ and $31{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, for Staphylococcus aureus and $156{\mu}g/ml$ and $125{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and aglycone fraction of A. asphodeloides extracts were $146.2{\mu}g/ml$, $23.19{\mu}g/ml$, and $71.06{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity ($OSC_{50}$) in an $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) system were $17.5{\mu}g/ml$, $1.5{\mu}g/ml$, and $1.4{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The cytoprotective effect (${\tau}_{50}$) in $^1O_2$-induced erythrocyte hemolysis was 181 min with $4{\mu}g/ml$ of the aglycone fraction. The ${\tau}_{50}$ of the aglycone fraction was approximately 4-times higher than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}$, 41 min). Analysis of $H_2O_2$-induced damage of HaCaT cells revealed that the maximum cell viabilities for the 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and aglycone fraction were 86.23%, 86.59%, and 89.70%, respectively. The aglycone fraction increased cell viability up to 11.53% at $1{\mu}g/ml$ compared to the positive control treated with $H_2O_2$. Analysis of ultraviolet B radiation-induced HaCaT cell damage revealed up to 41.77% decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species in the $2{\mu}g/ml$ aglycone fraction compared with the positive control treated with ultraviolet B radiation. The findings suggest that the extracts and fractions of A. asphodeloides Bunge have potential applications in the field of cosmetics as natural preservatives and antioxidants.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2000

Interrelation between the antioxidative activity of hot-water extracts of 130 medicinal plants and their cellular antimutagenic activity was investigated. Antioxidative activity was evaluated by assaying electron-donation to DPPH free radical and scavenging of hydroxyl radical $({\cdot}OH)$ generated through Fenton rection, respectively. All medicinal plants examined in this study exhibited markedly electron-donating ability and radical scavenging ability in each assay system. The results demonstrated the fact that Pilbal (Piper longum L.) is the strongest in electron-donating activity, on the other hand, that Seokgok (Dendrobium moniliforme L.) is the strongest in ${\cdot}OH$ scavenging activity. When evaluated their antioxidative activities, 24 medicinal plants including Jimo (Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge) were found to be the medicinal plants carrying strong antioxidative activity, which exhibited more than 50% activity compared to the control group in both electron-donating and free radical scavenging. The experiment was also performed to examine whether 11 medicinal plants having significant antimutagenicity damage DNA in the presence of $Cu^{2+}$, showing the fact that all samples tested, except Taeksa (Alisma canaliculatum All. Br.), Paekjain (Nitraria sibirica Pall) and Ohyak (Lindera strychifolia Sieb. et Zucc. Villar) are capable of inducing DNA strand break. We also found that Taeksa and Paekjain strongly block DNA strand break induced by chemical mutagen mitomycin C.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1999

To explain the theory of KIMI which is the theory of therapeutics in oriental medicine, monoamine oxidase(MAO) activities were measured in the brain and liver of mice which were orally administered oriental medicinal herbs which were classified into cold and hot drugs. Rheum palmatum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Gardenia jasminoides, Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis japonica were considered as the cold drugs and Zingiber officinale, Aconitum carmichaeli, Asiasarum sieboldi, Evodia officinalis and Cinnamomum cassia were included in the hot drugs. The effects of cold and hot drugs on in vitro enzyme activities were measured and compared with the in vivo effects. Serotonin is important neurotransmetter involved in the control of body temperature. The MAO plays a central role in the metabolism of many neurotransmetter monoamines including serotonin. MAO is a flavoprotein found exclusively in the mitochondrial outer membrane, occuring in the MAO-A and MAO-B subtypes. MAO-A deaminates serotonin and noradrenaline, whereas MAO-B prefers phenylethylamine and benzylamine as substrates. Coptis japonica and Aconitum carmichaeli elevated the in vivo MAO activities and especialy, in vivo MAO-B activities were significantly increased. In vitro MAO-A activities were increased by hot drugs, whereas the in vitro MAO-B activities were inhibited. Cold drugs inhibited both enzyme activities in vitro.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.163-187
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• 2008

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment of precocious puberty in current traditional Chinese medical journals. Methods To figure out diagnosis methods, treatment methods, treatment effects of oriental medicine about precious puberty, Chinese medical journals from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) which was published from 1999 to 2007 were analyzed and precocious puberty was also been searched. Results 82 articles were selected. 1. Yin and purging Fire(滋陰瀉火) from traditional Chinese Medicine was usually used. 2. The herbs were almost used such as Rehmannia glutinosa(地黃), Anemarrhena asphodeloides (知母), Phellodendron amurense(黃柏), Thesium chinense(夏枯草), Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews(牧丹皮), Alisma canaliculatum(澤瀉), Testudinis Plastrum(龜板), Paeonia japonica(白芍藥), Bupleurum falcatum(柴胡), Genianae Scabrae Radix(龍膽草). 3. The total improvement rate was 72.50 to 100% Conclusions The oriental medical treatments for precocious puberty were presumed to be effective, but more studies are still needed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.347-355
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• 2006

Possible nematicidal effects of plant extracts of 25 species uninfected by M. hapla were observed at the 5 times dilutions in all treatments and at the 10 times dilutions in Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Acorus calamus, Achyranthes japonica, Agrimonia pilosa, Dianthus chinensis, Geum aleppicum, Houttuynia cordate, Rudbeckia bicolor, Ricinus communis, Scrophularia buergeriana, Sesamum iindicum, Sedum kamtschaticum, and Sanguisorba officinalis. The 13 species plant extracts of 5 times dilutions were evaluated for the suppression effects on reducing densities of M. hapla by treating to C. lanceolata sown and transplanted later in pots. All the plant extracts showed suppressive effects on M. hapla except for.A. pilosa. The suppressive effects of A. asphodeloides, A. japonica, A. calamus, D. chinensis, R. communis, and S. buergeriana were over 80%. When the selected plants had been incorporated into the soil before C. lanceolata was sown, the numbers of root galls, egg sacs and $J_{2}$ appeared lower in the treatment of 12 plant species than in control except for S. indicum. But the suppressive effects were lower than the effects of selected plants being cultivated simultaneously in the field. A. calamus and A. japonica exhibited over 70% suppressive effects, among the tested plants.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

The ability of 80% ethanol extracts from five medicinal plants, Aralia continentalis, Paeonia suffruticosa, Magnolia denudata, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia, to neutralize hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical and peroxynitrite was examined using the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Peroxyl radical was generated from thermal homolysis of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (ABAP); hydroxyl radical by an iron-ascorbate Fenton reaction; peroxynitrite by spontaneous decomposition of 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1). The oxidants generated react with $\alpha$-keto-$\gamma$-methiolbutyric acid (KMBA) to yield ethylene, and the TOSC of the substances tested is quantified from their ability to inhibit ethylene formation. Extracts from P. suffruticosa, M. denudata, and S. tenuifolia were determined to be potent peroxyl radical scavenging agents with a specific TOSC (sTOSC) being at least six-fold greater than that of glutathione (GSH). These three plants also showed sTOSCs toward peroxynitrite markedly greater than sTOSC of GSH, however, only P. suffruticosa revealed a significant hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. Seven major active constituents isolated from P. suffruticosa, quercetin, (+)-catechin, methyl gallate, gallic acid, benzoic acid, benzoyl paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin, were determined for their antioxidant potential toward peroxynitrite, peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Quercetin, (+)-catechin, methyl gallate, and gallic acid exhibited sTOSCs 40~85 times greater than sTOSC of GSH. These four components also showed a peroxynitrite scavenging capacity higher than at least 10-fold of GSH. For antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical, methyl gallate was greatest followed by gallic acid and quercetin. Further studies need to be conducted to substantiate the significance of scavenging a specific oxidant in the prevention of cellular injury and disease states caused by the reactive free radical species.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.638-649
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• 2016

In the previous study, the rhizome mixture of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Coptis chinensis (DW2007), improved TNBS-, oxazolone-, or DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating macrophage activation. Therefore, to understand the effect of DW2007 on the T cell differentiation involved in the adaptive immunity, we measured its effect on both Th17 and Treg cell differentiation in splenocytes, in the lamina propria of mice with DSS-induced colitis (DIC), and in the spleens of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Results showed that DW2007 potently inhibited the differentiation of splenocytes into Th17 cells, but increased Treg cell differentiation in vitro. In the colon of wild type and $TLR4^{-/-}$ mice with DIC, DW2007 potently suppressed DSS-induced colon shortening and myeloperoxidase activity. DW2007 also suppressed collagen-induced paw thickening, clinical index, and myeloperoxidase activity in CIA mice. Overall, DW2007 potently suppressed Th17 cell differentiation in mice with CIA and DIC, but increased Treg cell differentiation. Moreover, DW2007 strongly inhibited the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, as well as the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$. Based on these findings, DW2007 may ameliorate inflammatory diseases by regulating the innate immunity via the inhibition of macrophage activation and the adaptive immunity via the correction of disturbed Th17/Treg cells.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.339-346
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• 2006

Total 90 species of medicinal plants were surveyed to see if they have any suppressive effects on the dinsity of M hapla at the exhibition field in the Chinan medicinal herbs experiment station. In 70 species including Achyranthes japonica, root-knot and/or egg sac of M. hapla was not found and these plants were planted in C. lanceolata field to check the degree of M. hapla infection. In 26 species including A. japonica, M. hapla infection was not observed. Simultaneously, 30 species were planted in pots to find out degree of infection by M. hapla. Dianthus chinensis, Rudbeckia bicolor, Sedum kantschaticum, Ricinus communis, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Malva verticillate, Chelidonium majus, Sesamum indicum, Agrimonia pilosa, Geum aleppicum, Sanguisorba officinalis and Scrophularia buergeriana were free from infection. While the number of galls and density of M. hapla in soil were higher to high innoculation density, and the growth of C. lanceolata was rower.