• 보존과학연구
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• 통권25호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2004

The archeological remains usually exist in some excavated ancient soils. The ancients oils are buried in underground with the environmental, biological and social facts for circumstantial evidence at past times. Consequently, it is very important thing to carry out scientific analysis of the ancient soils side by side with archeological study. In this study, we accumulated some basic data for scientific analysis of 5 kinds of ancient soils excavated at Wanggung-ri, Iksan city. So we obtained some characterizations of organic chemical source, ancient parasite egg, and some seeds in the soils. The organic sources showed the content of high organic material as 7~22%, and strong acidic condition as pH 2~6. It is indicated that Wanggung-ri soils have included so many organic materials from the degradation of biological remains. Most of all, we searched a lot of eggs of parasite Trichuris trichiura and so it is possible that this area had been a ancient toilet at that times. The more scientific analysis of the soils will be showed us about the utility of the area, ancient dietary life style, ancient environment and ancient human diseases.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2012

본 연구목적은 대전지역에 있어서 선사 고대유적(이하 유적)의 입지환경을 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위하여 지금까지 조사지역에서 보고된 유적들 중에서 신석기시대-원삼국시대 유적들(총 22개소)을 대상으로 지리 지형분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 대부분의 유적들은 구릉 특히 구릉의 평탄면-준완경사지에 걸쳐 분포하고 있다. 유적들(21개소, 약 95%)의 기반암은 복운모화강암으로 구성되어 있다. 유적들(19개소, 86%)은 비교적 근거리에 소규모 하천(1-2차)과 중규모 하천(5차수 이상)을 동시에 보유하고 있다. 유적들의 평균 표고는 71m이며 대부분의 유적들은 표고 약 50-90m에 걸쳐 입지하고 있다. 유적들이 입지하고 있는 구릉 경사면의 평균 경사도는 $6.7^{\circ}$이며 대다수의 유적들이 경사도 약 $0-15^{\circ}$에 걸쳐 분포하고 있다. 그리고 유적의 경사도가 커질수록 유적들의 수가 적어지는 경향을 띠는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상을 종합해 보면, 대전지역에서 생활했던 당시 거주민들은 취락(또는 주거지군)의 입지를 선정할 때, 상대적으로 표고가 높지 않고 지표면의 경사도가 작은 구릉을 선호했으며 이와 더불어 물(하천)을 중요하게 인식했던 것으로 판단된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1141-1150
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• 2022

Objective: To understand the domestication and spread of horses in history, genetic information is essential. However, mitogenetic traits of ancient or medieval horses have yet to be comprehensively revealed, especially for East Asia. This study thus set out to reveal the maternal lineage of skeletal horse remains retrieved from a 15th century archaeological site (Gongpyeongdong) at Old Seoul City in South Korea. Methods: We extracted DNA from the femur of Equus caballus (SNU-A001) from Joseon period Gongpyeongdong site. Mitochondrial (mt) DNA (HRS 15128-16116) of E. caballus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Cloning and sequencing were conducted for the mtDNA amplicons. The sequencing results were analyzed by NCBI/BLAST and phylogenetic tool of MEGA7 software. Results: By means of mtDNA cytochrome b and D-loop analysis, we found that the 15th century Korean horse belonged to haplogroup Q representing those horses that have historically been raised widely in East Asia. Conclusion: The horse is unique among domesticated animals for the remarkable impact it has on human civilization in terms of transportation and trade. Utilizing the Joseon-period horse remains, we can obtain clues to reveal the genetic traits of Korean horse that existed before the introduction of Western horses.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2008

1980년대 이후 전 세계적으로 발굴지에서 출토되는 인골 분석에 대한 고고학적 중요성이 증가하면서 인골의 자연과학적 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 국내에서도 출토 인골의 고고유전학 연구가 점차 활성화 되어감에 따라 고대 DNA 연구를 위한 주요 방법 및 기술적 지식의 축적이 이루어지고 있다. 인골의 보존 상태는 매장환경과 밀접하게 연관되어 있는데 국내에서 출토되는 인골, 동물 뼈 등과 같은 생물유체의 보존 상태가 좋지 못한 주요 원인은 우리나라의 토성(土性) 및 기후적인 특성 때문이다. 그러나 조선시대 회곽묘(灰槨墓)에서는 대체로 보존 상태가 좋은 인골이 출토되고 있는데, 이는 회곽의 구조적 화학적 특성에서 기인된 것이다. 이것은 묘제(墓制)와 장법(葬法)이 피장자(埋葬者)의 매장 환경을 조절함으로써 인골이 잘 보존 될 수 있음을 보여주는 좋은 사례이다. 인골의 미생물에 의한 오염, 물리 화학적 손상 등 다양한 원인은 고대 DNA 분석에 많은 영향을 미치기 때문에 이를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 DNA 분석법이 요구된다. 특히, 고대 DNA가 사람 DNA에 의하여 오염되지 않았음을 증명하기 위한 실험 절차가 체계적으로 검증되어야만 연구결과의 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있다. 우리나라 고대 인류의 이동과 그들의 문화를 이해하기 위하여 고대 DNA 분석과 더불어 안정동위원소를 이용한 인골의 골화학 분석 등 인골에 대한 자연과학적 분석이 종합적으로 병행되어야 한다. 더불어 출토 인골의 고고유전학 연구는 형질인류학, 고고학과 같은 인문사회학적 연구와 동시에 수행될 때 가장 좋은 양질의 결과를 얻을 수 있으며 이러한 학제 간 연구는 더욱더 활성화 되어야 한다. 본고는 출토 인골 연구의 학문적 가치와 종합연구의 필요성을 자연과학적 연구의 입장에서 강조하였다. 또한 출토 인골의 DNA 연구 방법과 그 결과를 예로 소개함으로써 고고유전학 연구에 대한 이해를 돕고자 하였다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권22호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2001

DNA typing is often used to determine identity from human remains. Recently, the molecular biological analysis of ancient deposits has become possible since methods for the recovery of DNA conserved in bones or teeth from archaeological remains have been developed. In the field of archaeology, one of the most promising approaches is to identify the individuals present in a mass burial site. We performed nuclear DNA typing and mitochondrial DNA sequencing analysis based on PCR from a Korea ancient human remain excavated from Sa-chon Nuk-island and civilian access controlline(CACL). A femur bone were collected and successfully subjected to DNA extraction, quantification, PCR amplification, and subsequently typed for several shot tandem repeat(STR)loci. 4 types of STR systems used in this study were CTT multiplex(CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01), FFv multiplex(F13A01, FESFPS, vWA), Silver STRⅢ multiplex(D16S539, D7S820, D13S317), and amelogenin for sex determination. This studies are primarily concerned with the extraction, amplification, and DNA typing of ancient human bone DNA samples. Also, it is suggestive of importance about closely relationship between both fields of archaeology and molecular biology.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

A very unique case is found in the architectural remains related to the north and south square-platform at the lecture hall site of Hwangnyongsa, that of Anyangsa, and the estimated lecture hall site of Beopsusa as they are not observed in the other lecture halls. The platform has been discovered at only those three Buddhist temples from Goryeo, and its case has not been found in ancient Buddhist temples of China and Japan. This study thus set out to investigate the north and south square-platform at lecture hall sites by examining in details its architectural remains at the three Buddhist temples and reviewing the Buddhist literature about the lecture halls of ancient Buddhist temples. Based on the findings, it was estimated that the architectural remains of north and south square-platform at the lecture hall sites of Buddhist temples were those of platform for Buddhist sermons or those of high chair platform. While the north square-platform involved the remains of north high chair for the Lecturer that gave lectures on the Buddhist scriptures, the south one did those of south high chair for the Reader who recited the Buddhist scriptures.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권29호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2008

고고 유적지에서 출토된 뼈에서 추출한 DNA는 부식산과 풀빅산 등의 토양성분과 콜라겐 등 다양한 오염물질이 포함되어 있어 DNA의 추출 및 분석이 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 phenol 추출법, silica 추출법 등 두 가지 대표적인 고대 DNA 추출법의 효율을 DNA 증폭 결과에 의하여 비교하였다. 또한 울트라급의 초음파를 시료 용해에 적용한 후 silica 추출법으로 DNA를 분리한 방법이 기존의 phenol 및 silica 추출법에 비하여 미토콘드리아 DNA와 아밀로제닌 유전자 증폭 결과가 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2023

Lactase non-persistence (LNP), one of the causes of lactose intolerance, is related to lactase gene associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Since the frequency of LNP varies by ethnic group and country, the research to reveal the presence or absence of LNP for specific people has been conducted worldwide. However, in East Asia, the study of lactase gene associated SNPs have not been sufficiently examined so far using ancient human specimens from archaeological sites. In our study of Joseon period human remains (n=14), we successfully revealed genetic information of lactase gene associated SNPs (rs1679771596, rs41525747, rs4988236, rs4988235, rs41380347, rs869051967, rs145946881 and rs182549), further confirming that as for eight SNPs, the pre-modern Korean people had a lactase non-persistent genotype. Our report contributes to the establishment of LNP associated SNP analysis technique that can be useful in forthcoming studies on human bones and mummy samples from East Asian archaeological sites.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

This paper aimed to identify the architectural characteristics of the chimi excavated from ancient ruins, especially middle gate remains of Bunhwangsa Temple in the Unified Silla period. Middle gate had planned $3{\times}2$ with 295mm measuring unit and gabled building. Detailed study of the shape of chimi of the middle gate restored by related field experts reveals as follows. 1) Height of chimi is 4.5(130.6cm) of Tang's system of measurement classified as large one. 2) The front and back side square hole is made for transverse timber placement. 3) Position of chimi is not the end of the ridge of roof, it moved toward the center. 4) Construction method of chimi is structured with smaller beam and center column. 5) Width and height of the ridge is less than 38cm and 54cm to be approximately, Width and height of the gabled ridge is less than 38cm and 50cm. 6) This chimi is considered to be very unique when compared to existing ancient restored chimis, it is designed to be advantageous to the chimi construction.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2002

This research is the second attempt to illustrate the phases of ancient Korean architecture through a comparative study of historical materials such as historical ruins, relics, stone remains and art products. Among these the stone stupa (budo), contains many architectural aspects of old times, which give clues to trace the characteristics of the antient Korean structures. The study brings about following results: 1. The pillar employs an entasis technique, and the bracket system (gongpo) consists of cross beams (changbang) and small supporting blocks (soro) thereupon. A type of the bracket arm (chomcha) is also found on top of the pillar. 2. Windows and doors are assumed from the carved features on the stone stupa to be pair-doors which could be folded twice sideways and upwards. 3. There are two types of eaves; the single eaves and the double eaves consisting of a rafter and a flying rafter. 4. The roof has furrows formed by the concave tiles and the convex ones and also the tiles at the edge of eaves. And there are evidences that a variety of small images of animal and human figures were decorated along on top of the eaves.