• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.126-137
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• 2015

The study on the archaeological bronze artifacts in Korea has prompted much research through the analysis to determine the production technology. However, research on the smelting technology is not enough. This is associated with the lack of copper smelting and refining remains and literatures were not found. Copper smelting technology was probably developed independently, but also can not ignore the effect of the another country. Thus, many studies compared to estimate the country's copper smelting technology. In this study, smelting technology was provided and compared through the literature and smelting sites study of the domestic and foreign.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2022

Mongolian folk songs are inspired by Mongolian labor songs and are classified into long and short songs. Mongolian long songs have ancient origins, are rich in legends, and are a great source of folklore. So it was inscribed by UNESCO in 2008. Mongolian written literature is formed under the direct influence of oral literature. Mongolian long song has 3 classes: ayzam, suman, and besreg by their lyrics and structure. In ayzam long song, the world perfectly embodies the philosophical nature of world phenomena and the nature of human life. Suman long song has a wide range of topics such as the common way of life, respect for ancestors, respect for fathers, respect for mountains and water, livestock and animal husbandry, as well as the history of Mongolia. Besreg long songs are dominated by commanded and trained characters. In this paper, we proposed a method to classify their 3 types of long songs using machine learning, based on their lyrics structures without semantic information. We collected lyrics of over 80 long songs and extracted 11 features from every single song. The features are the name of a song, number of the verse, number of lines, number of words, general value, double value, elapsed time of verse, elapsed time of 5 words, and the longest elapsed time of 1 word, full text, and type label. In experimental results, our proposed features show on average 78% recognition rates in function type machine learning methods, to classify the ayzam, suman, and besreg classes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.418-428
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• 2022

Research on the birth (起源) and names (語源) of foods such as kimchi is important to understand traditional food culture. kimchi, an 'add flavored, fermented, pickled, vegetable food' was initially prepared with the simple purpose of increasing storage capabilities, but later, through a complex process of change, morphological diversification occurred. In addition to the basic name of 'kimchi', each variety has its unique name and history. This study was conducted through qualitative research using various research methods, such as oral records and interviews, as well as investigation of data from literature, including ancient literature, modern cookbooks, newspapers, magazines, papers, and videos. The study sought to investigate the context and the meaning of the name Chonggak kimchi. In addition, it is a compilation of how the name spread through the ages and evolved to its current name. The name Chonggak kimchi did not exist during the Joseon Dynasty and Japanese occupation and first appeared in the records in the late 1950s. Nevertheless, the original name of 'Altarimu kimchi' evolved and finally became a part of the standard Korean language (標準語) in 1988. In the process of the name spreading and becoming popular, the movie "Chonggak kimchi (1964)," starring Shin, S.I., and Eom, A.R. played a significant role. It was also confirmed that this was a meaningful and valuable case of contentization of traditional food culture, regardless of the intention behind the same.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.428-455
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• 2010

Radish kimchi is a typical side-dish in Korean traditional food and is a way of keeping vegetables for a extended period using fermentation. This study examined the classification, usage, eating history, variety, and recipes of Korean radish kimchi through ancient and modern era literature. The Korean radish kimchi were categorized into six groups: kkakttugi, seokbakji (or nabakkimchi), dongchimi, jjanji, jangachi, and jangkwa. According to the record, the eating history of radish kimchi comes from before the age of the Three Kingdom period. Radish was preserved in salt, vinegar, soybean paste or lees of fermented liquor in the early times. This pickled radish was not supposed to be watery. Radish kimchi was divided into watery kimchi (dongchimi) during the period of United Silla and the Koryo Dynasty. Kimchi was mixed with Chinese cabbage to make seokbakji or nabakkimchi. Up to the early Chosun Dynasty, the key ingredient of kimchi was radish. After the middle of the Chosun Dynasty, kimchi was mixed with red pepper powder, salted fish, soybean sauce, and various ingredients. There were many kinds of radish kimchi during the late Chosun Dynasty. In the 11 Korean recipe books published within the past 100 years, there are nine kinds of kkakttugi, three kinds of seokbakji, four kinds of dongchimi, three kinds of jjanji, nine kinds of jangachi, and five kinds of jangkwa. Kkakttugi (cubed, sliced or julienne radish) was pickled with salt, red pepper powder, garlic, green onion, oyster, sugar, salted fish, and more. Seokbakji and nabakkimchi were not as salty, so they could not be preserved as long. Dongchimi (watery radish kimchi without red pepper powder) was made of radish, water, salt, 18 side ingredients, 13 condiments, and seven garnishes. Jjanji was pickled to be very salty and was eaten during summer. Jangachi can be used as a regular side dish and is made of radish or dried radish slices pickled or seasoned with salt, soy sauce, vinegar, soybean paste, lees of fermented liquor, and spices. Jangkwa is used as a stir-fry method and has been segregated from jangachi relatively recently.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.539-565
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• 2009

T. S. Eliot attempted the combining of the liturgy of Anglican Church and a drama in Murder in the Cathedral (1935) and created a modern verse drama which comes most close to the regular tragedy like Greek tragedy today. Eliot chose the drama to deliver his religious insight because of its ritualistic origin and its potentiality to deliver a dramatic world which can contain a complete order. The central theme of this play is the martyrdom. The dramatic action of killing the archbishop Thomas Beckett in this play, however, is not treated as important event enough to be a dramatic climax. He is portrayed as a witness to the reality of God's will rather than a man who wills to give up his own life for any religious belief or cause. In Eliot, a martyr is nothing but "a witness" in its ancient sense. This paper purposes to review the language of this play. The various and new meters and rhythms of the language of this play function enough to bring its playwright to encounter 'the real audience' in 'a living theatre'. The interactions between different verbal models also play a big role to make this play a living theatre. Eliot found the poetry which crosses the various classes and levels of the tastes of audience is the most useful poetry. And the poetry of this play proves as the very thing which intensifies the theme of the play and gives the most powerful force to the play. Especially Eliot's poetry succeeds smost in the various and free meters of chorus, which makes Eliot the first playwright since Aeschylus, who could bring the chorus to undertake the function of extending the dramatic action of the play into the universal meaning. In the theatre the real audience identifies themselves with chorus. And the chorus leads the audience to respond to peace which passeth understanding beyond words and sounds of this play, which is the desired response in Eliot's conception of drama.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

The origin and description of the Herba Plantaginis was contemporarily analyzed (family names, scientific names, target regions, preparation, etc.) by comparison to enormous literature in addition to the external features written in the existing books on traditional Korean medicine. Also, galenical description were analyzed in connection with external morphology, internal morphology, microscopy and five senses. The official documents and ancient documents of other countries were reviewed. The technical books on herbage, published in the country and other countries, were compared with each other. Also, on-the-spot surveys were made to learn specialists' know-how. The description of the collected drugstuffs were analyzed in connection with external morphology (size, color, etc.), internal morphology and microscopy. The results of this study can be applied to the publicity and education of galenical test agencies; the effective management of foods and drugs; the improvement of public medical service; the publicity of galenical safety.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.871-878
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• 2014

This study deals with formlessness designs that indicate a variety of related shapes between the human body and clothes depending on the 2D shape of fabric rather than a cubic and clear shape of fabric proportional to the human body. There have been formlessness fashion designs since the 1980s; however, there has been no attempts to define the concept of formlessness fashion designs. This study focuses on how formlessness clothing was named for clothes with no specific shape due to recognizing the body as a flat surface as referred in various prior studies and how a formlessness design is expressed. This study reviews formlessness designs from the viewpoint of eastern concepts as well as from the viewpoint of ancient Greek clothes to understand how eastern and western designers approached formlessness designs. We also simultaneously utilize a literature research and a case study of actual work. The scope of the research focuses on the case of female clothing starting from the 1980s when the formlessness trend first appeared.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.530-539
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• 2020

In this paper, we implement a digital content that visualizes the ten kings of Hell kings appearing in Buddhist myths according to their keyword. The ten kings of Hell are called ShiWang, and can be found in ordinary temples as tangible cultural Heritage such as paintings of the Buddha. ShiWang is a great king who controls the underworld and has been passed on in various forms in shamanism and Buddhist culture. We analyze the ShiWang, who appears in ancient literature, analyzes its features by hell and categorizes keywords. When the public chooses keywords of interest from implemented digital content, digital content represents the ShiWang and Hell image and descriptions associated with the selected keywords. Applications of the digital content are as follows; development of games and cultural characters, digital storytelling using traditional culture, teaching Buddhist culture and doctrines, games, etc.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.68-77
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• 2001

Herbal medicines have been used since ancient times as medicines to treat and relieve the symptoms of many different human diseases. However, so far, relatively few herbal medicines have been evaluated scientifically to prove their safety, potential benefits and effectiveness. This study was conducted to provide the groundwork for improving the current registration regulations for herbal medicines in distinction from synthetic medicines. The study was performed based on the literature research and individual interviews with 5 experts who had extensive experience in registration of herbal medicines. When compared with synthetic drugs, herbal medicines exhibit some marked differences, namely the active principles are frequently unknown, standardization, stability and quality control are not easy, they are usually mixtures of complex compounds. Second, the current regulations for herbal medicines are reviewed by comparison of foreign regulation systems like the one in China. The regulation requirements of herbal medicine in China are in distinction from synthetic drugs. The authors conclude that new registration requirements for the herbal medicines should be changed as follows; the toxicity and efficacy data should be submitted as mixed herbal preparation and the documents and other research on the reproduction and generation toxicity need to be shown for the proof of reproduction and generation toxicity, if needed.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 2017

Aconitum Heterophyllum (A. Heterophyllum) is an indigenous medicinal plant of India and belongs to the family Ranunculaceae. A. Heterophyllum is known to possess a number of therapeutic effects. For very ancient times, this plant has been used in some formulations in the traditional healing system of India, i.e., Ayurveda. It is reported to have use in treating patients with urinary infections, diarrhea, and inflammation. It also has been used as an expectorant and for the promotion of hepatoprotective activity. The chemical studies of the plant have revealed that various parts of the plant contain alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, saponins, glycosides, quinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, etc. In the present study, a comprehensive phytochemistry and pharmacognosy, as well as the medicinal properties, of A. Heterophyllum are discussed. Scientific information on the plant was collected from various sources, such as electronic sources (Google scholar, Pubmed) and some old classical text books of Ayurveda and Ethnopharmacology. The study also presents a review of the literature on A. Heterophyllum, as well as the primary pharmacological and other important findings on this medicine. This review article should provide useful information to and be a valuable tool for new researchers who are initiating studies on the plant A. Heterophyllum.