• 건축역사연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.9-27
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• 1998

It could be said that the Kyongbok Palace, the main palace of the Chosun Dynasty which built in the early years of the Dynasty, had two main architectural characters. One ; the entire building complex was arranged under the influence of ancient Chinese building principle based on the Confucian ideas. Two ; building compositions and shape of each buildings were succeeded from the palace of the former Koryo Dynasty, especially on the latter periods of it. The architecture of the Kyongbok Palace had formed its own uniqueness by developing these two characters.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2023

Spherical trigonometry refers to the geometry related to spherical triangles. It has been an important tool for studying astronomy since ancient times. In trigonometry, concepts such as trigonometric functions naturally emerge from the relationship between arcs and chords of a circle. In this paper, we briefly examine the origin of spherical trigonometry. To introduce the basics of spherical trigonometry, we present fundamental and important theorems such as Menelaus's theorem, the law of sines and the law of cosines on a sphere, along with their proofs. Furthermore, we discuss the educational value and potential applications of spherical trigonometry.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제25호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2012

오랜 역사를 지닌 중국의 무용은 정치, 사회, 문화 환경의 변화에 따라 형식, 내용, 기능, 위상에도 많은 변화가 있었다. 따라서 중국의 전통 무용을 이해하려면 그 변천의 과정을 통시적으로 살펴보아야 한다. 또한 동아시아 전통 무용의 교류와 발전의 궤적을 이해하기 위해서도 중국의 전통 무용에 대한 통시적인 이해가 필요하다. 이를 위한 가장 편리한 방법은 중국 무용 통사를 개관하는 것이다. 지금까지 출간된 20종에 달하는 중국 무용사는 모두 중국의 학자들이 저술한 것이다. 중국학자들이 저술한 중국 무용 통사의 초기 무용사 기술에는 몇 가지 문제점이 발견된다. 첫째, 중국 고서(古書)의 무용 관련 기록을 사료(史料)로 수용함으로써 역사 기술의 객관성과 합리성을 훼손하고 있다. 따라서 신화와 전설의 기록과 역사의 기록을 구별하여, 적확하게 기술하여야 할 필요성이 지적된다. 둘째, 무용사 연구의 보조 자료로 이용되는 도기(陶器)의 문양이나 벽화(壁畵) 등 고고자료가 실증적 자료임에는 틀림없으나, 일부는 자료의 해석이나 시기의 특정(特定)에 있어서 논란의 소지를 안고 있다. 따라서 자료의 해석이나 시기 산정 등에 대한 문제가 먼저 해결되어야만, 완전한 실증 자료로 활용할 수 있다. 셋째, 무용의 기원과 기능에 대하여 현대 중국학자들의 정치적 관점 내지 민족주의적 태도가 자못 반영된다는 점이다. 즉, '노동'을 무용의 기원으로 선언하는 편협한 시각은 예술의 기원에 대한 균형감 있는 시각이라고 보기 어려우며, 보다 객관적이고 합리적인 시각이 요구된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

Arid areas have a significant problem with water supply due to climate change and high water demand. More than 3,000 years ago, Persians started constructing elaborate tunnel systems called Qanat for extracting groundwater for agriculture and domestic usages in arid and semi-arid areas and dry deserts. In this paper, it has been demonstrated that ancient methods of water management, such as the Qanat system, could provide a good example of human wisdom to battle with water scarcity in a sustainable manner. The purpose of this paper is twofold: Review of old wisdom of Qanat-to review the history of this ancient wisdom from the beginning until now and study the Qanat condition at the present time and to explore why (notwithstanding that there are significant advantages to the Qanat system), it will no longer be used; and suggestions for future water management-to suggest a number of new methods based on new materials and technology to refine and protect Qanats. With these new suggestions it could be possible to refine and reclaim this method of extracting water in arid areas. Also, a new multi-purpose water management model has been introduced based on rainwater infiltration management over the Qanat system as the model can be applied either in dry or wet cities to solve current urban water problems.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2016

Ginseng, a Korean native herb, has been a symbol of mystic cure-all which provides longevity benefits throughout Korean history. According to Chinese historical records, a major source of wild ginseng has been described as Korean peninsula, which is the most suitable ginseng production area, and the Manchu region near Mt. Baekdu and the Maritime Province. Since Tang dynasty period (618-917 CE), Chinese has also called ginseng as "Goryeo Ginseng", which is named after "Goguryeo" (37 BCE-668 CE), an ancient kingdom of Korea, from which they mainly imported the herb as the region was famous for its high quality of ginseng. To date, it refers to Korean ginseng. This study compares the medicinal properties of ginseng as stated in the ancient Korean medical books with the major Korean historical records regarding the usage of ginseng and its symbolism of longevity in everyday life. By contrasting these findings, we tried to figure out how the actual medicinal properties of ginseng and the anticipation of longevity are related. It was confirmed that the expectations about longevity were widely applied to everyday life. In addition, the study investigates the various usage of ginseng as a motive for decorative patterns and as an ingredient for daily products including snacks, health drinks, various types of food, clothing patterns, and so on. Finally, the usage of ginseng ingredients in the cosmetic products fulfilled the desire of Korean people to purchase, showing the aesthetic recognition and medicinal understandings about the herb. These findings suggest that ginseng is an important medicinal agent that not only symbolizes longevity and good health but also has a great influence on the lives of Koreans.

• 복식
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2011

This study examined how Chipogwan[緇布冠] with such a long history has been changed in China and Korea. With regard to the name, material, use and form of Chipogwan, the results of this study is summarized as follows. Chipogwan was mentioned continuously in ancient books of ceremonies and literature from the Tang dynasty [唐代], but from the Song dynasty [宋代] new name Chigwan [緇冠: a black hat] appeared besides Chipogwan. The two names were transmitted to Joseon dynasty [朝鮮] and used together until the mid Joseon dynasty, but from the 18th-19th centuries, Chipogwan was adopted according to ancient ceremonies and this name has been used continuously until today. The change of the name reflects the change of the material. Ancient Chipogwan was made of hemp [布] but when the term Chigwan appeared in the Song dynasty it was made of paper and Sa [紗: a 2-end simple gauze]. As other materials were added to hemp, po (布) was omitted from Chipogwan. As to the use of Chipogwan, it was a coronet used in purification ceremonies [齋冠] in ancient times. Then, it was used as Chogagwan [初加冠: a first hat putting on] in coming-of-age ceremonies [冠禮] from Zhou dynasty (周). During the Song and Joseon dynasty, Chipogwan was used in coming-of-age ceremonies as well as in daily life. As to the form, Chipogwan in ancient books of rites and the Song dynasty was a small coronet covering the topknot. In the Joseon dynasty, the form of Song dynasty was followed until the mid period, and then after the mid $18^{th}$ century, another form was proposed according ancient books of rites and an independent form of ceremonial coronet appeared that covered the entire head rather than covering only the topknot.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2008

"濟衆立效方" is the oldest Koryo dynasty medical document known to date. Despite its historical importance, due to the absence of its original copy, its true characters could not be understood. Through comparison of the many documents that cited 濟衆立效方, it could be found that 濟衆立效方 can be classified into two parts based on its contents and form. In Chinese medical texts, neither the name 交效散 nor any similar prescription is mentioned. 濟衆立效方 was the first in suggesting the usage of pine needles and salt for fomentation and not for internal use. Thus 交效散 can be thought of as the oldest indigenous prescription preserved in Korean history. 濟衆立效方 conveys records of the combination of the ancient origin pine needle fomentation and the creative addition of salt.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.77-89
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• 1998

중국 고대선의 신비스러움은 다음 여덟 가지의 점에서 두드러지게 나타난다. 즉 격벽의 고안, 물새를 닮은 수선면, 바텐을 댄 돛의 발명, 타의 발명, 다수의 돛과 돛대를 장비하는 방법, 외륜의 발명, 그리고 역풍 항해기술의 개발이다. 이 글에서는 중국 고대선의 신비스러움을 서양 고대선과 비교하여 설명하였다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.96-111
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• 2007

The tea culture is one of East Asia's traditional drink cultures and its variety, recipe, and effects are specifically recorded in East Asian documents. But the variety and applications of teas that are different from food and not entirely included in the medicine family has not been studied thoroughly yet. This study, through extracting and organizing the variety of teas and their recipes, aims to revive the methods of improving health by using ancient tea.

• 인문언어
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• 제6권
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• pp.169-183
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• 2004

So far I have reviewed the two controversial opinions of the North Korean and the South Korean linguists concerning the position of the Koguryeo language in the formation of Korean. Many South Korean scholars in favor of the Altaic Language Family Hypothesis argue that the ancient Korean language consisted of two different languages, one of which was the northern dialect including four languages such as the Koguryeo language (the largest one within the area), the Puyo language, the Okche language, the Yemaek language, and the other was the southern dialect, the largest language of which is the Shinla language. On the other hand, the linguists of North Korea claim that in Koguryeo and Shinla the same language was spoken and that modern Korean is formed based on the Koguryeo language. Before evaluating which of these claims is correct I would like to turn to the scarcity of the linguistic data of the Koguryeo language. Compared with the pragmatic methodology of the South Korean linguists in the studies on the Altaic affinity of Korean, the North Korean scholars need to present still more evidences in order to support their argument. In Chung (1993) I argued that studies on the genealogy of the Korean language or history had to be performed regardless of tile political purpose or for the purposes. We should admit the historical fact that there had been many tribal states in the Korean peninsula before the ancient Korean stage, those of which had been emerged to become three kingdoms. Those kingdoms were unified by Shinla, which was connected to Koryeo Dynasty. We cannot disregard the fact that the Korean language has been developed hand in hand with these historical process with those steps related with each age. The first thing we should do right now is to collect the remaining data of the Koguryeo language recorded in the old written materials, which have been found in North Korea as many as possible. Also, 1 hope that the linguists of South Korea achieve more academic success in the comparative studies of the Paekjae language, the Shinla language, and other adjacent Altaic languages.