The present study was undertaken to investigate the morphological characteristics of trigeminal nerve in the Korean native goat by macroscopic methods. Trigeminal nerve was originated from the lateral side of pons, and extended shortly forward to form trigeminal ganglion at the opening of oval foramen. Thereafter this nerve was divided into maxillary, mandibular and ophthalmic nerve. Ophthalmic nerve gave off the zygomaticotemporal branch, frontal nerve, frontal sinus branch, and was continued as the nasociliary nerve. Maxillary nerve gave rise to the zygomaticofacial branch, accessory zygomaticofacial branch, communicating branch with oculomotor nerve, pterygopalatine nerve, caudal superior alveolar branch, malar branch and was continued as the infraorbital nerve. Mandibular nerve was divided into the masseteric nerve, buccal nerve, lateral pterygoid nerve, medial pterygoid nerve, nerve to tensor tympani m., auriculotemporal nerve, and furnished the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve as terminal branches. The course and distribution of the trigeminal nerve in the Korean native goat appeared to be similar to that in other small ruminants such as sheep and goat. But the main differences from other small ruminants were as follows : 1. There was no accessory branch of the major palatine nerve. 2. The caudal superior alveolar branch was directly branched from the maxillary nerve. 3. The communicating branch with oculomotor nerve was originated from maxillary nerve or common trunk with zygomaticofacial branch. 4. The malar branch arose from the maxillary nerve at the rostral to the origin of the caudal superior alveolar branch. 5. The inferior alveolar nerve originated in a common trunk with the lingual nerve. 6. The mylohyoid nerve arose at the origin of the inferior alveolar nerve. 7. The zygomaticotemporal branch was single fascicle, and gave off lacrimal nerve and cornual branch. 8. The base of horn was provided by the cornual branches of zygomaticotemporal branch and infratrochlear nerve of nasociliary nerve.
Baik, Ran;Kim, Nam Kyun;Park, Han Ki;Park, Young Hwan;Yoo, Byung Won;Choi, Jae Young
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
/
v.53
no.2
/
pp.248-252
/
2010
Anomalous origins of coronary arteries are a rare type of disease among children. These anomalies can be categorized into 3 types according to the anatomical relationship of the aorta and pulmonary trunks. Among these types, the interarterial type, as observed in our case, needs early diagnosis and treatment, because it can increase the risk for the patient, causing sudden cardiac death in young individuals. Although there are controversies concerning the management of anomalous origins of the left coronary artery (LCA) in children, the result can be very beneficial, if treated accurately. Three well-known methods for correction of anomalous origins of LCA are re-implantation, coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG), and unroofing. We report on the case of a 12-year-old girl who had chest discomfort and syncope with physical exercise and was later diagnosed with an anomalous origin of LCA by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and heart computed tomography (CT). She underwent a corrective operation by re-implantation, CABG, and unroofing.
Jung, In-Ho;Yoon, Kyeong-Wook;Kim, Young-Jin;Lee, Sang Koo
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
/
v.61
no.5
/
pp.625-632
/
2018
Objective : Because the anatomical structure of the brachial plexus is very complex, surgical treatment of tumors in this region is challenging. Therefore, a lot of clinical and surgical experience is required for successful treatment; however, many neurosurgeons have difficulty accumulating this experience owing to the rarity of brachial plexus tumors. The purpose of this report is to share our surgical experience with brachial plexus tumor with other neurosurgeons. Methods : The records of 18 consecutive patients with brachial plexus tumors who underwent surgical treatment between January 2010 and December 2017 in a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical approach was determined according to the tumor location and size, and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) was used in most of cases to prevent iatrogenic nerve injury during surgery. In addition, to evaluate the differences in tumor characteristics according to pathologic diagnosis, the tumors were divided twice into two groups, based on two separate classifications, and statistical analysis was performed. Results : The 18 brachial plexus tumors comprised 15 (83.3%) benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors including schwannoma and neurofibroma, one (5.6%) malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, one (5.6%) benign tumor of non-neural sheath origin (neurogenic cyst), and one (5.6%) metastatic tumor (papillary carcinoma). The authors analyzed relationship between tumor size/location and tumor characteristic parameters such as age, size, right-left, and pathology. There were no statistically significant differences except a tendency of bigger tumor size in young age. Conclusion : For a successful surgical outcome, an appropriate surgical approach is essential, and the appropriate surgical approach is determined by the location and size of the tumor. Furthermore, applying IONM may prevent postoperative complications and it is favorable option for brachial plexus tumors surgery.
Kim, Hwan-Tae;Kim, In-Ho;Lee, Bong-Choon;Kang, Chang-Il;Yoon, Hye-Kyoung
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
/
v.40
no.3
/
pp.301-307
/
1993
Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor is now recognized as a pulmonary form of hemangioendothelioma(HE). HE is an unusual tumor of adult life which is characterized by proliferation of an "epithelioid" or "spindle" endothelial cell. In the lung it usually presents as multiple bilateral slowly growing nodules less than 2 cm in diameter. The aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease are unknown. Spindle cell HE occurs at any age, but approximately one half of patient are 25 years of age or younger and males are affected twice more frequently than females. On light microscopic examination, the tumor show mild cellular atypia, nearly absent mitoses and electron-microscopic studies reveal evidence of endothelial cell differentiation. Intracytoplasmic localization of Factor VIII-related antigen is demonstrated on immunohistochemical study, which confirmed the endothelial origin of the tumor. No effective therapy is yet known for HE, but survival of this tumor can be quite long. However, one half of the patient have died, usually of progressive pulmonary insufficiency. This 19-yr-old male complained of Rt. chest pain and intermittent hemoptysis. Simple chest film and chest CT scan showed the Rt. pleural effusion, variable sized bilateral pulmonary nodules, irregular large heterogenous tumor with well enhancement and extensive necrosis in the anterior mediastinum. The mediastinal mass was biopsied and diagnosed as spindle cell HE by light microscopic finding and immunohistochemical studies.
This experiment was carried out to observe the origin and developmental pattern of somatic embryos of Oenanthe javanica ($B^{L}.$) DC. The experiment included observation of embryogenic cells and their development stages by light microscope, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The embryogenic cells, which were smaller than non-embryogenic cells in size with expanded nucleus and dense cytoplasm. When stained with hematoxylin, the embryogenic cells were readily distinguished from the non-embryogenic cells of which cell walls were stained with safranin. It was observed at somatic embryos developed from single cells on the epidermis of developing embryos or in the surface or inside of embryogenic clumps by segmentation pattern. Observation with a transmission electron microscope revealed that the embryogenic cells had dense cytoplasm expanded nucleus, small vacuoles, large amyloplasts containing starch grains, and abundant organelles including lipid bodies. Under a scanning electron microscope, embryogenic callus was shown to consist of very smaller cells than non-embryogenic cells in an orderly arrangement and covered with a net-like structure, while the non-embryogenic callus consisted of large cells, irregular in size and arrangement, and covered with a gelatin-like material.
The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
/
2009.03a
/
pp.43-43
/
2009
Glenohumeral ligaments play an important role in stabilizing the shoulder. However, it is impossible to know how they function in vivo during shoulder motion. To help elucidate this stabilizing role, we conducted in vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the normal shoulder joint using a markerless bone-registration technique. Magnetic resonance images of 14 shoulder joints of 7 healthy volunteers were acquired for 7 isometric abduction positions between $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. We then calculated three-dimensional shortest paths between the origin and insertion of each ligament based on anatomical study in each abduction position. At $0^{\circ}$ of abduction, the posterior band of the coracohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. At $30^{\circ}$ of abduction, the superior glenohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. At $60^{\circ}$ of abduction, the anterior band of the coracohumeral ligament and the middle glenohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. At $120^{\circ}$ of abduction, the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. We think that the maximum length of these results is an important influence on the function of the soft tissue stabilizer.
Park Yoon-Kyu;Yoo Bong-Ok;Seel David J.;Lee Young-Sik;Chun Kyung-Doo
Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
/
v.3
no.1
/
pp.15-24
/
1987
This study is limited to epidermoid carcinoma arising in the larynx. The 623 patients in this series comprised 1.6% of all malignant neoplasms seen during the 20-year period .from 1965 to 1984 ; it comprised 13.2% of all cancers of the head and neck registered during this period. The male: female ratio was 11:1, and the highest incidence was in the fifth decade of life. Analysis by anatomical site revealed that 51.7% were supraglottic, 36.1% glottic, and 6.8% subglottic in oriain. One-hundred eighty-nine(79%) were clinically Stage III or Stage IV lesions at the time of the first visit. Of the total of 263 cases, 113 refused treatment, 4 definite radiation for $T_1$. lesion,21 underwent palliative therapy only, and 125 underwent surgical management with intent to cure. This surgical category included 53 patients who had surgical treatment only and 72 who underwent combined therapy(preoperative radiation, postoperative radiation, or inductive chemotherapy followed by surgery and postoperative radiation). The surgical management varied from partial laryngectomy to widefield laryngectomy and ipsilateral neck dissection. In 14.4% pathologically positive node or nodes were found in the clinically negative contralateral neck nedes. Such contralateral spread was most common in supraglottic site of origin(222%). Combined modality of management was compared to single therapy. Although results at three years showed no difference in determinate disease-free survival between patients treated by surgery only and those treated by surgery followed by postoperative radiation therapy at 5 years a statistically significant difference emerged, only 36% of those receiving surgery alone surviving as compared to 65.4% in the surgery with radiation group.
Park, Soo Ho;Shim, Jeong Su;Lee, Sang Kon;Park, Dae Hwan
Archives of Plastic Surgery
/
v.35
no.4
/
pp.379-384
/
2008
Purpose: Currently, using perforator artery flaps especially anterolateral thigh flaps are widely used for reconstruction of extremities, head and neck. Obtaining a precise anatomical picture prior to operation will translate to a more accurate, efficient and safe procedure. Authors used 3D-image work up via 64-slice MDCT to make a more precise preoperative plan. Methods: A total of 10 patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap from December 2006 to December 2007. The 64-Channel MDCT (LightSpeed VCT, GE, USA) was used and 3D images were reconstructed. Findings from MDCT were applied to the preoperative planning and confirmed with intraoperative findings. Results: The average number of perforator arteries from lateral circumflex femoral artery was 2. The average lengths of vascular pedicle from the origin of lateral circumflex femoral artery to the first and second perforator artery were 11.0 cm and 20.0 cm, respectively. The average diameter of the pedicle artery was 2.2 mm. The locations of the perforator arteries were mapped and localized on the body surface based on the MDCT result. These were confirmed through direct visualization intraoperatively. Conclusion: MDCT has an advantage of obtaining accurate images of the general anatomy and even fine structures like perforator arteries. By using this state-of-the-art diagnostic imaging technique, it is now possible to make an operative plan safely and easily.
Septic pulmonary embolism is the process in which an infected thrombus becomes detached from its site of origin and lodges in a pulmonary artery, and is usually associated with infective endocarditis, especially right-sided, or infection-associated with indwelling catheters, peripheral septic thrombophlebitis, and periodontal diseases, etc. Here, we report a case of septic pulmonary embolism associated with tricuspid valve infective endocarditis. A 23-year-old female was admitted to our hospital, due to fever, sore throat, and myalgia. In her past medical history, she had undergone a surgical operation for closure of a ventricular septal defect, but was informed that the operation resulted in an incomplete closure. The initial chest radiograph demonstrated multiple rounded, parenchymal nodules in various sizes; several nodules had central lucency suggesting cavitations. Echocardiography demonstrated a large vegetation attached to the septal tricuspid valve leaflet, extending from right ventricular inflow tract to outflow tract. Computed tomography of thorax revealed bilateral peripheral nodules and wedge-shaped consolidation at various sizes, mostly accompanied by cavitations.
This experiment was undertaken to examine the injurious environment conditions for occuring of the virus disease, grasserie and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis in rearing of silk worms, to observe of cytoplsamic polyhedrosis diseased silkworms with histological preparation and to define the virus origin on the gattine and the disease of shrinked form after moulting (Okichijimi). The results obtained are as follows. 1) The grasserie in spring season rearing was remarkably infected in highly percent with 20.1 % in high temperature condition during 3rd to 4th instar, the high temperature during 1st to 2nd instar and 5th instar in 16.5% and 16.3%, respectively. In the fall season rearing, the disease was infected by the feeding of soft leaves plot in 5.3% and 4.8%, respectively with significant difference in 5% level, accordingly, it was thought to the nutritional condition is a factor in occuring of the disease. 2) In spring season rearing, the number ofl infected silk worms of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis was increased in the high temperautre and high humidity conditions, and in fall season rearing, order of the low temperature and high humidity plot, first feeding plot and feeded with hard leaves plot were found insome high infected ratio of the disease than control plot. 3) The occuring of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis was observed even in control rearing plot with the examining of anatomical and histological preparation in spring and fall. 4) It was found that the high diseased ratio of the gattine and disease of shrinked form after moulting in 21.8% of control and 93.2% in feeded with inocylated plot in the biosassay of inoculum. It was defined as a virus flacherie acoording to the Danaka and Shimizu's examine method.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.