• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2001

Purpose : To identify occult intra-articular pathologies in the acute ankle fracture using arthroscopy and to investigate the factors to predict its possibility of occult injuries that could be occurred. Materials and Methods : This prospective study included fifty patients who got operation for the ankle fractures. Ankle arthroscopy was performed to document the type and anatomical location of occult lesion. We investigated the correlation between incidence of occult injuries and specific fracture type. Results : Of fifty ankles, 37 ankles had occult lesion. Twenty five loose bodies including displaced fragments were found and various cartilage lesions were found in 31 ankles. Tibial avulsion fragment by anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament was occurred in 6 cases. There was no correlation between the incidence of occult lesion and various factors including age, sex, injury mechanism and fracture type(p>0.05). Conclusion : The ankle arthroscopy had an effective role for the detection and treatment of occult injuries and it was difficult to predict the occurrence or associated accurately in all of th ankle fractures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.515-519
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• 2010

Introduction: Bone defects in the jaw are frequently observed after odontogenic cyst enucleation. The success of bone healing appears to be related to the size of the bone defect, the anatomical location, the patient's age and other parameters. The use of bone grafting material is dependent on the operator's preference. No evidence-based definite treatment protocol has been established. This study evaluated the effect of a bone graft into the defect after odontogenic cyst enucleation. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 patients, who had been treated for an odontogenic cyst with cyst enucleation from 2000 to 2009 at the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, were included in this study. Patients who were followed-up for more than 1 year were included. Two groups were defined according to the bone graft (with or without a bone graft) after cyst enucleation. The differences in the healing periods and patterns of bone healing were compared clinically and radiologically. The postoperative 1 year radiographs were analyzed for bone healing and density. Statistical analysis was performed using a Pearson chi square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: More infection signs were observed in the bone graft group than in the other group, but there was no statistically significant difference. Radiographically, there was also no significant difference in the size of the radiolucent lesions between the two groups. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in healing between the groups with a bone graft and without bone graft after cyst enucleation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

Objective : Standard of measurement in Korean Medicine has been changed in dynasty and location. Thus, cun (寸) and chi (尺) as unit of measurement for meridians and acupoints could be recognized as the length of equally divided portions of a certain long bone or the distance between two anatomical landmarks and as an symbolical meaning to date. The goal of this study is to propose a new standard measurement in the metric system for the relative measurement of cun and chi as unit of measurement for meridians and acupoints in normal male legs. Methods : This study was conducted by gauging each parts of normal male legs in the metric system and comparing to the relative measurement of cun and chi as follows; to calculate 1 cun, the length of each parts was divided into the unit of cun referred to Measurement of the Bone in Neijing Lingshu (靈樞 骨度篇); it was compared the unit of cun referred to Measurement of the Bone in Neijing Lingshu with cun which was calculated by dividing subject's height into 75 cun, respectively. Result : There has no significant difference in length of 1 cun among each leg's areas based on a standard of subject's height. The unit of cun by the metric length in the legs was similar to the unit of cun referred to Measurement of the Bone in Neijing Lingshu based on each subject's height. Conclusion : It is suggested that an unit of cun as the measurement for meridians and acupoints in the male legs should be considered to the ranges from 2.4cm to 2.6cm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.451-455
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• 2001

Objectives : There have been several studies documenting the changing level of the conus throughout infancy and childhood, but there is only a little detailed study that documents the range of conus positions in a living adult population, especially in Korean, without spinal deformity. Methods : we made a sequential study of magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine to determine the variation in position of the conus medullaris in 650 living korean adults population without spinal deformity who checked MRI to identify the cause of low back pain. The study population consisted of patients over the age of 16 years. A T1-weighted, midline, sagittal image was reviewed for identifying the postion of conus. This location was recorded in relation to the upper, middle, or lower third of the adjacent vertebral body or the adjacent intervertebral disc. Results : The study group consisted of 305 men(47%) and 345 women(53%) with a mean age 45.9 years(range, 16-79 years). The conus existed commonly at the middle third of L1(131cases, 20.2%), at the L1-2 intervertebral space(129cases, 19.8%), and the lower third of L1(123cases, 18.9%). The mean position of conus was the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). Conclusions : The mean position of conus was at the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). This results was same as that of foreign study. Our results of living korean adult population could allow for safe clinical procedures such as lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia, and help to explain the differences among observed neurologic injuries from fracture-dislocation at the thoracolumbar junction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.775-779
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• 2008

Vallecular cyst is an uncommon but potentially dangerous condition causing stridor and has been associated with sudden airway obstruction resulting in death due to its anatomical location in neonates. It may also present with various degrees of feeding problems resulting in failure to thrive. When a vallecular cyst is suspected clinically, endoscopic laryngoscopy is necessary to visualize it. Other conditions leading to neonatal stridor such as laryngomalacia and other laryngotracheal abnormalities should be ruled out. Marsupialization with a $CO_2$ laser is the most effective and safest treatment to prevent recurrence. We report a case of a 1-month-old male infant with a vallecular cyst synchronous with gastroesophageal reflux, and failure to thrive. He was referred to our hospital because of hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, feeding-cyanosis, chest retraction and failure to thrive. Diagnostic workup revealed a cyst at the tongue base, suggesting a vallecular cyst. The cyst was removed by laryngomicrosurgery with $CO_2$ laser. After the surgery, the symptoms improved and the body weight increased steadily. We report a successfully treated case of neonatal vallecular cyst with symptoms of upper respiratory obstruction, gastroesophageal reflux, and failure to thrive.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.281-292
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• 2004

Periodontal defects of the furcation are characterized by several inherent anatomic factors that can make successful periodontal therapy difficult and results unpredictable. The severity and rate of occurrence of periodontal disease are directly related to the location of the furcation relative to the cementa-enamel junction and anatomical form of the root by limiting the accessibility and effectiveness of the periodontal instrumentation. This study investigated the reliability and accuracy of panoramic radiograph diagnoses of the periodontal state of mandibular molars, particularly regarding the diagnosis of furcation area periodontal defects, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction. This study examined a total of 110 teeth belonging to 33 subjects (19 male, 14 female) presenting with incipient to moderate periodontitis 4-7mmpocket depth. The alveolar bone level, length and width of the root trunk, and root separation angle were measured using the panoramic radiograph and compared to the results taken directly by retracting a full-thickness flap. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Data regarding the alveolar bone level of the mandibular first molar showed that the directly taken surgical measurements resulted in $5.1{\pm}0.9mm$ that was slightly deeper than the corresponding panoramic measurement resulted in $4.8{\pm}0.8mm$, but these differences were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). 2. The data of the directly taken surgical measurement of the mandibular second molar $(5.1{\pm}1.1mm)$ was slightly deeper than the corresponding panoramic measurement $(4.7{\pm}1.2mm)$, but these differences were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). 3. The measured values of the length and width of the mandibular first molar root trunks were determined to be $4.1{\pm}0.6mm$ and $7.3{\pm}0.9mm$, respectively, while the values of the mandibular second molar root trunks were determined to be $4.6{\pm}1.3mm$ and $7.6{\pm}0.9mm$ respectively. The differences between these values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). 4. The measured values of the root separation angle showed that the mandibular first molars averaged $34.5{\pm}4.4^{\circ}$, while the mandibular second molars averaged $23.0{\pm}10.0^{\circ}$. The differences between these values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.389-396
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• 2020

A pyramidal molar is which has completely fused roots with a solitary enlarged canal. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of pyramidal molars among adolescent. A total of 1,612 patients' panoramic radiographs were screened. A total of 12,896 first and second molars were evaluated. The relative incidence and the correlations regarding the location of pyramidal molar (maxillary versus mandibular) and gender were analyzed using the chi-square test. The overall incidence of patients with pyramidal molars was 1.49%. 24 patients were found to have a pyramidal molar and it was more prevalent in women (18 women and 6 men). The prevalence of pyramidal molars from all first and second molars examined was 0.31%. 88 percent of pyramidal molars occurred in maxilla. All pyramidal molars were second molar. Pyramidal molar has a relatively poor periodontal prognosis compared with common multi-rooted teeth and it is important to understand the structural characteristics of root canal during pulp treatment. Clinicians should be able to understand the anatomical properties of pyramidal molar and apply it to treatment and prognostic evaluation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2004

Purpose: The most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer is the depth of invasion of the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis. The nodal staging of the 5th edition of the Union Internationale Contrala Cancrums (UICC) TNM classification in 1997 was changed based on the number of metastatic lymph node. We attempted to evaluate the prognostic significance of N2 group metastasis in pT3pN1 gastric cancer patients by comparing two different nodal staging systems. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was made for 352 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection, including D2 dissection, from 1991 to 1997 at Asan Medical Center. A clinicopathologic comparison between two groups by using a nodal staging systems was summarized into a table. Cumulative survival rates were calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. The difference between the two groups was evaluated by using the log rank test with SPSS 11.5 for Windows Results: There were no statistical differences in clinicopathologic factors. However, there was a significant difference in survival rate between the two groups (P=0.0009). This suggests that N2 group metastasis in pT3pN1 gastric cancer patients has a clinical significance for predicting prognosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest a possibility of prognostic significance of N2 group metastasis. Therefore, anatomical location of the lymph node should be described.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.214-218
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• 2006

Purpose: We describe a new technique of arthroscopic medial plication using pull-out suture with consideration of anatomical location of medial patellofemoral ligament for the treatment of acute or recurrent patellar dislocation. Operative technique: Under arthroscopic examination, sutures are passed through the medial capsule, at which medial patellofemoral ligament is located, from outside to inside of knee joint. Three guide wires are inserted from anterior surface of the patella to upper half of its medial border. Intraarticular portions of sutures are pulled out toward anterior surface of the patella through bony tunnels. Under appropriate tension, the sutures are tied after performing lateral retinacular release. Conclusion: As suturing medial patellofemoral ligament, this technique can maximize the effect of medial plication and can correct subluxation and tilt of the patella. It seems to be a minimally invasive, easy and effective method for the treatment of acute or recurrent patellar dislocation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5111-5116
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• 2013

Background: Early in the 21st century, cancers are the second cause of death worldwide. Colon cancer is third most common cancer and one of the few amenable to early diagnosis and treatment. Evaluation of factors affecting this cancer is important to increase survival time. Some of these factors affecting all diseases including cancer are social determinants of health. According to the importance of this disease and relation with these factors, this study was conducted to assess the relationship between social determinants of health and colon cancer survival. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study for patients with colon cancer registered in the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, from April 2005 to November 2006, performed using questionnaires filled by telephone interview with patients (if patients had died, with family members). Data was analyzed with SPSS software (version 19) for descriptive analysis and STATA software for survival analysis including log rank test and three step Cox Proportional Hazard regression. Results: Five hundred fifty nine patients with ages ranging from 23 to 88 years with mean${\pm}$standard deviation of $63{\pm}11.8$ years were included in the study. The five year survival was 68.3%( 387 patients were alive and 172 patients were dead by the end of the study). The Cox proportional hazard regression showed 5-year survival was related to age (HR=0.53, p=0.042 for>50 years versus<50 years old) in first step, gender (HR=0.60, p=0.006 for female versus male) in second step, job (HR=1.7, p=0.001 for manual versus non manual jobs), region of residency (HR=3.49, p=0.018 for west versus south regions), parents in childhood (HR=2.87, p=0.012 for having both parents versus not having), anatomical cancer location (HR=2.16, p<0.033 for colon versus rectal cancer) and complete treatment (HR=5.96, p<0.001 for incomplete versus complete treatment). Conclusions: Social determinants of health such as job, city region residency and having parents during childhood have significant effects in 5-year survival of colon cancer and it may be better to consider these factors in addition to developing cancer treatment and to focus on these determinants of health in long-time planning.