• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.832-835
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• 2000

A case of unruptured cerebral aneurysm at the junction of accessory middle cerebral artery and the distal portion of the $A_1$ segment of the anterior cerebral artery is reported. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of cerebral aneurysm developed at the junction of accessory middle cerebral artery, demonstrated on magnetic resonance angiography(MRA). The accessory middle cerebral artery is a rare vascular variant of middle cerebral artery. Furthermore, it is extremely rare for an aneurysm to be developed at the origin of the accessory middle cerebral artery. The development of the accessory middle cerebral artery is very important in surgery of cerebral aneurysm and collateral circulation of cerebral infarction. Review of the literature regarding the genesis and anatomical variation of the accessory middle cerebral artery is also presented.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2000

Tape measurement for evaluating edema is frequently used by clinicians. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the intertester and intratester reliability of tape measurement carried out by two physical therapists on lower extremities. The intertester and intratester reliability of six anatomical landmarks measurements were determined in six healthy subjects. The measurements were taken in five sessions by each tester. The intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) were between .87 and .99 for intertester reliability. Intratester reliability was .93 and .99 for A tester and .82 and .99 for B tester. The average range of variation was .13 to .54 in six landmarks. The reliability of six volume measurements was very high. These results support the use tape measurement as a reliable tool for measuring limb girth.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.114-115
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• 2007

As a carrier of malaria and sneak of blood, mosquitoes are regarded as an unpleasant insect. However, there are novel phenomena that happen inside a mosquito. Among them, we focused on the blood sucking function of a female mosquito. The main objective of this study was to investigate the mosquito's pumping mechanism in order to resolve the problem encountered when we inject or transport biologic fluids into a micro-chip. To analyze the pumping mechanism, we visualized the blood sucking process inside a female mosquito. Flow characteristics of blood flow in a proboscis were investigated experimentally using a micro-PIV velocity field measurement technique. The anatomical variation of head, thorax, abdomen which work as pumps and valves, was visualized using the syncrotron X-ray micro-imaging technique.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1979

Anatomical measurements were made at the necoropsy and sacrifice in a group of 41 adult female Rhesus monkey to determine the 34 characteristcs found in tracheas snd bronchus. Table 1, 2, 3, 4, and figure 1 were therefore prepared as a guide in the further use for illustrating monkey lung research. Summary of this report is as follows: 1. Accurate Knowledge of these measurements may have some value in pulmonary dissection and reconstructive procedures. 2. These studies may provide a more accurate determination of the monkey lungs. 3. The right and left bronchus length of the monkey is shorter than fornd in man. 4. The left bronchus length is more longer than the rrght bronchas. 5. There were large variation among the weight of adult female Rhesus monkey.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.40-43
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• 2012

Two cases of the posterior fossa dissecting aneurysm associated with a double origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (DOPICA) causing subarachnoid hemorrhage are presented. After observing a relationship between the aneurysm and DOPICA on a three dimensional rotational angiogram (3DRA), the dissecting aneurysms were successfully obliterated by surgical trapping and endovascular internal trapping, respectively. This report warrants suspecting DOPICA of an associating anomaly predisposing to dissecting aneurysm in the vertebral artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory and highlights the role of 3DRA in pretreatment evaluation of unusual aneurysms accompanying a particular anatomical variation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.243-248
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• 1999

There is substantial evidence that anatomical connections and functional interactions exist between vestibular and autonomic systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) including mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), power spectrum was analyzed for evaluation of the physiological role of the vestibular system on control of heart rate in rabbits. In anesthetized rabbits, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by increasing HF. On the cervical sympathetic nerve increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF. Atropine, cholinergic blocker, increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by reducing HF, and propranolol, ${\beta}$-adrenergic blocker, decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by reducing LF> In unanesthetized rabbits, stimulation of the vestibular system induced by rotation or caloric increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF> Also electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve produced the same of effects as rotation or caloric in anesthetized rabbits. These results suggest that Stimulation of the vestibular system increased heart rate not by inhibiting the parasympathetic nerve but by activating the sympathetic nerve.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2016

The flexor digitorum accessorius longus (FDAL) is the most common accessory muscle found in the posterior compartment of the ankle area. The accessory muscle in this area such as the FDAL may be incidentally identified on magnetic resonance images (MRI). There are some case reports about the FDAL in cadaver researches. However, the MRI findings about the FDAL have been reported in a few cases. In this paper, we report a case of the FDAL incidentally identified on MRI with review of the literature about the FDAL.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2008

The crossing laminar screw fixation might be the most recently developed approach among various fixation techniques for C2. The new construct has stability comparable to transarticular or transpedicular screw fixation without risk of vertebral artery injury. Quantitative anatomical studies about C2 vertebra suggest significant variation in the thickness of C2 lamina as well as cross sectional area of junction of lamina and spinous process. We present an elderly patient who underwent an occipito-cervical stabilization incorporating crossed C2 laminar screw fixation. We preoperatively recognized that she had low profiles of C2 lamina, and thus made a modification of trajectory for the inferiorly crossing screw. We introduce a simple modification of crossing C2 laminar screw technique to improve stability in patients with low laminar profiles.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.305-308
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• 2018

Anatomical variations of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) have been observed to occupy multiple origins and insertion points and have supernumerary heads, sometimes varying in thickness. During routine dissection, a SCM was observed to have six distinct insertions that interface with the course of the superior nuchal line, ending at the midline, bilaterally. This variation was also seen to receive innervation from the accessory nerve as well as the great auricular nerve. To our knowledge, this variant of supernumerary insertions and nerve innervations has not yet been reported. These variants may pose as problematic during surgical approaches to the upper neck and occiput, and should thus be appreciated by the clinician. Herein we discuss the case report, possible embryological origins, and the clinical significance of the observed variant SCM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.468-473
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• 2024

Superficial radial neuropathy is a purely sensory neuropathy, usually caused by nerve entrapment in the distal forearm. We report a case of superficial radial neuropathy caused by the anomalous course of the superficial radial nerve, which was found to be spirally encircling the brachioradialis tendon in the distal forearm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an anatomical variant of the superficial radial nerve that causes neuropathy.