• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the influencing factors and clinical course of pathologically proven cases of radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI). Materials and Methods: The pathologic records of twelve patients were reviewed; these patients underwent surgery following radiotherapy due to disease progression found by follow-up imaging. However, they were finally diagnosed with RIBI. All patients had been treated with 3-dimensional conventional fractionated radiotherapy and/or radiosurgery for primary or metastatic brain tumors with or without chemotherapy. The histological distribution was as follows: two falx meningioma, six glioblastoma multiform (GBM), two anaplastic oligodendroglioma, one low grade oligodendroglioma, and one small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis. Results: Radiation necrosis was noted in eight patients and the remaining four were diagnosed with radiation change. Gender (p = 0.061) and biologically equivalent dose $(BED)_3$ (p = 0.084) were the only marginally influencing factors of radiation necrosis. Median time to RIBI was 7.3 months (range, 0.5 to 61 months). Three prolonged survivors with GBM were observed. In the subgroup analysis of high grade gliomas, RIBI that developed <6 months after radiotherapy was associated with inferior overall survival rates compared to cases of RIBI that occurred ${\geq}6$ months (p = 0.085). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that RIBI could occur in early periods after conventional fractionated brain radiotherapy within normal tolerable dose ranges. Studies with a larger number of patients are required to identify the strong influencing factors for RIBI development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.6059-6062
• /
• 2012

Regional cancer epidemiology is an important basis for determining the priorities for cancer control in different countries worldwide. There is no reliable information about the pattern of head and neck cancer in western Nepal and hence an attempt was here made to evaluate the situation based on hospital data, which provide the only source in the western region of Nepal. A clinicopathological analysis of head and neck cancers treated between 2003 and 2006 in Manipal Teaching Hospital affiliated to Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Western Development Region, Nepal was performed. A total of 105 head and neck cancer cases were identified with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The median ages of male and female patients were 62 and 64 years, respectively. Ninety-seven (92.4%) of the cancer patients were suffering from carcinoma, three (2.9%) had blastoma, three (2.9%) had sarcoma, and two (1.9%) had lymphoma. The majority (61.9%) of carcinoma cases were squamous cell carcinoma followed by anaplastic carcinoma (7.2%). Of the carcinoma cases, the most common site of primary lesion was larynx (19.6%), followed by the thyroid (14.4%), the tongue and hypopharynx with 10.3% cases each. Comparative analysis among males and females did not reveal any sex difference in type of head and neck cancers. The head and neck cancer pattern revealed by the present study provides valuable leads to cancer epidemiology in western Nepal and useful information for health planning and cancer control, and future research in western Nepal.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 1986

Clinical features of 406 patients with histologically verified thyroid carcinomas were investigated from May, 1978 to April, 1985 at the Seoul National University Hospital with the following results. 1) The incidence of thyroid cancer according to their histological classification was 79.8% of papillary carcinoma, 14.5% of follicular carcinoma, 1.5% of medullary carcinoma, 2.2% of anaplastic carcinoma, 2 cases of squamous carcinoma and 3 cases of lymphoma. 2) The age distribution showed the peak incidence in the fourth decade (25.1%), followed by the fifth and the third decade. 3) The ratio of male to female patients was 1 : 6.1. The ratio is 1 : 5.9 in papillary carcinoma and 1 : 8.8 in follicular carcinoma. 4) The mean age was 40.2 year in papillary carcinoma, 37.4 year in follicular carcinoma. 36.5 year in medullary carcinoma, 60.3 year in anaplastic carcinoma, 62.0 year in squamous carcinoma, 59.7 year in lymphoma. 5) The diameter of the thyroid masses was smaller than 1.5cm in 19.9% of the patients, from 1.5cm to 5cm in 50.5%, from 5cm to 10cm in 25.4% and larger than 10cm in 25.4%. 6) Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes at diagnosis was noted in 44.2% of total patients, and distant metastasis was 5%, and local infiltration was 44.2%. 7) The clinical staging was revealed 42.1% of the patients in stage I, 9.1% in stage II, 35.7% in stage III, 5.2% in stage IV, and 7.9% in undetermined stage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.190-193
• /
• 2008

Objective : Cancer-testis (CT) genes are considered promising candidates for immunotherapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate which CT genes should be targeted in immunotherapy for brain tumors. Methods : We investigated the expression of 6 CT genes (MAGE-E1, SOX-6, SCP-1, SSX-2, SSX-4, and HOMTES-85) using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in 26 meningiomas and 32 other various brain tumor specimens, obtained from the patients during tumor surgery from 2000 to 2005. Results : The most frequently expressed CT genes of meningiomas were MAGE-E1, which were found in 22/26 (85%) meningioma samples, followed by SOX-6 (9/26 or 35%). Glioblastomas were most frequently expressed SOX-6 (6/7 or 86%), MAGE-E1 (5/7 or 71%), followed by SSX-2 (2/7 or 29%) and SCP-1 (1/7 or 14%). However, 4 astrocytomas, 3 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 3 oligodendroglial tumors only expressed MAGE-E1 and SOX-6. Schwannomas also expressed SOX-6 (5/6 or 83%), MAGE-E1 (4/6 or 67%), and SCP-1 (2/6 or 33%). Conclusion : The data presented here suggest that MAGE-E1 and SOX-6 genes are expressed in a high percentage of human central nervous system tumors, which implies the CT genes could be the potential targets of immunotherapy for human central nervous system tumors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.4889-4895
• /
• 2012

Background and Aim: The incidence of extra nodal non Hodgkin lymphoma (ENL) is rising throughout the world. However, data regarding ENL as a group is limited. The aim was to study the epidemiological and histomorphological trends of primary ENL (pENL) in India. Material and Methods: The biopsy materials from sixty eight patients with pENL (45 male, 23 female, M:F= 1.9:1), diagnosed over a five year period (2005-2009), were analysed and pathologically reclassified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, 2008 criteria. Results: Primary extra nodal non Hodgkin lymphomas constituted 22.0% (68/308) of all non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The mean age at presentation for pENL and primary nodal NHL was 43 years and 58 years, respectively with a male predilection (M: F=2:1). Central nervous system (CNS) constituted the most common extranodal site (20/68, 29.5%) followed by gastrointestinal tract (17/68, 25%), and nose/nasopharynx (8/68, 11.8%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, not otherwise specified), extranodal marginal lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, and B cell NHL unclassified (U) were the three most common histological types observed. T-cell phenotype was rarely noted (4%). Follicular lymphomas and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, seen among nodal NHL, were absent at extra nodal sites. Majority (41/68, 60%) of the patients with pENL were immunocompetent and 55% were in stage I-II with favorable prognosis. Conclusion: Central nervous system was the most common site of ENL, followed by gastrointestinal tract. Majority of pENL occurred in immunocompetent hosts with a favorable prognosis.

• Clinical Pain
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.120-123
• /
• 2020

Rapidly destructive arthrosis is a rare syndrome characterized by narrowing of the joint space and rapid joint destruction within 6~12 months. A 62-year-old woman with anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer presented with both knee pain and varus deformity. She was treated with crizotinib 500 mg/day for more than 2 years, with partial tumor response. Initial plain radiography showed Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) grade 1. After 10 months, varus deformity was worsened and plain radiography aggravated to K-L grade 4 despite conservative treatment including activity modification. Diffuse synovitis with massive joint effusion and destruction of anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, medial collateral ligament, and lateral collateral ligament were shown in magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was diagnosed with rapidly destructive arthrosis of knee and underwent a both total knee arthroplasty.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.551-561
• /
• 2021

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancers, such as papillary and follicular cancers, have a favorable prognosis. However, poorly differentiated thyroid cancers, such as medullary, squamous and anaplastic advanced thyroid cancers, are very aggressive and insensitive to radioiodine treatment. Thus, novel therapies that attenuate metastasis are urgently needed. We found that both PDGFC and PDGFRA are predominantly expressed in thyroid cancers and that the survival rate is significantly lower in patients with high PDGFRA expression. This finding indicates the important role of PDGF/PDGFR signaling in thyroid cancer development. Next, we established a SW579 squamous thyroid cancer cell line with 95.6% PDGFRA gene insertion and deletions (indels) through CRISPR/Cas9. Protein and invasion analysis showed a dramatic loss in EMT marker expression and metastatic ability. Furthermore, xenograft tumors derived from PDGFRA geneedited SW579 cells exhibited a minor decrease in tumor growth. However, distant lung metastasis was completely abolished upon PDGFRA gene editing, implying that PDGFRA could be an effective target to inhibit distant metastasis in advanced thyroid cancers. To translate this finding to the clinic, we used the most relevant multikinase inhibitor, imatinib, to inhibit PDGFRA signaling. The results showed that imatinib significantly suppressed cell growth, induced cell cycle arrest and cell death in SW579 cells. Our developed noninvasive apoptosis detection sensor (NIADS) indicated that imatinib induced cell apoptosis through caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, we believe that developing a specific and selective targeted therapy for PDGFRA would effectively suppress PDGFRA-mediated cancer aggressiveness in advanced thyroid cancers.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.178-182
• /
• 2005

Insular carcinoma(poorly differentiated thyroid cancer) is defined as a aggressive, follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma with behavior intermediate between follicular/papillary and anaplastic carcinomas. It was described by Carcangiu in 1984, but its prognosis, classification and the origin is not yet clear. And preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology of insular carcinoma has not been satisfactory. We experienced a case of advanced thyroid insular carcinoma with invasion of the sternum. So we intend to present the case with a review of the related literatures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.2649-2653
• /
• 2016

Background: Genetic alterations in gliomas have increasing importance for classification purposes. Thus, we are especially interested in studying IDH mutations which may feature potential roles in diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment. Our aim was to investigate IDH mutations in diffuse glioma patients diagnosed in university hospital centre of Fez in Morocco. Materials and Methods: IDH1 codon 132 and IDH2 codon 172 were direct-sequenced in 117 diffuse glioma samples diagnosed and treated in University Hospital Hassan II between 2010 and 2014. Results: The R132H IDH1 mutation was identified in 43/117 tumor samples and R172K IDH2 mutation was detected in only one anaplastic oligodendroglioma. IDH mutations were observed in 63.2% of astrocytomas, 73.3% of diffuse oligodendrogliomas and 12.90% of glioblastomas. Conclusions: Our results confirmed other studies published earlier for other populations with some small discrepancies.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 1996

When thyroid carcinoma invades the larynx or trachea, the proper treatment is needed because of significant morbidity and mortality due to airway obstruction. Hemoptysis and dyspnea are the result of intraluminal extension of the tumor and call for immediate investigation with endoscopic examination and CT. If the thyroid carcinoma with extracapsular spread invades only outer perichondrium of the tracheal or laryngeal cartilage, the shaving operation would be sufficient, but if the tumor invades the cartilage or if there is intraluminal invasion, it is mandatory to remove partial or total part of some aerodigestive tract structures. We retrospectively analyzed 14 surgical cases of the thyroid cancer with laryngotracheal invasion(12 papillary carcinomas and 2 anaplastic carcinomas) at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. The analysis was focused on clinical manifestation, pathologic findings, types of management and results. Survival result was not adequately analyzed due to some recently operated cases.