• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.613-619
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• 1993

As developing surgical techniques and postoperative cares, a pneumonectomy is a relatively popular surgical method in disease which is not treated completely with other type of pulmonary resection, but a postpneumonectomy complication is a life-threatening serious problem if it occurred. We performed one hundred twenty-five cases of pneumonectomy for treatment of various causes of pulmonary diseases in Kosin Medical College during about ten years, and we experienced 41 cases of postoperative complications in 29 patients, so we analyzed them. The most common complication is an empyema thoracis in 13 cases[10.4%], of which one case combined with bronchopleural fistula died on early postoperative day. Of them except one case, the early postoperative empyema thoracis[within 30 days] were 6 cases, and the late postoperative empyema thoracis[above 30 days] were 6 cases. The main etiologic pathogens were a staphylococcus in early postoperative empyema and a streptococcus in late postoperative empyema, but the most cases were mixed infections with pseudomonas, klebsiella, acinectobacter, and candida. The treatment of postoperative empyema thoracis were that 4 cases were treated with open drainage using chest tube, 7 cases with Clagett`s operation, and 1 case with thoracoplasty. The next common complication was a postoperative serious respiratory insufficiency in 7 cases. And the other complications were massive postoperative bleeding in 5 cases, of which 2 cases advanced to occurrence of postoperative empyema thoracis, and wound disruption in 4 cases, cardiac arrhythmia in 3 cases, contralateral pneumothorax and pneumonia in each of 2 cases, esophagopleural fistula in 1 case. The postoperative deaths were 9 cases[7.2%] of 125 cases, the causes of death were respiratory insufficiency in 6 cases, sepsis in 2 cases, and cardiac arrhythmia in 1 case.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 1982

As of today, the frequency of primary lung cancer is one of the improved problems in modern medicine and is increasing rapidly year by year. This study dealed with 138 cases of primary lung cancer proved by histopathologic examination in Thoracic & Card iovascular Surgery Dept. of N.M.C. from Sept. 1966 through June 1981. The majority of patients belong to 5th and 6th decade. Ratio between male and female was 3.7: 1. Initial symptoms were cough, blood tinged sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea and duration of symptoms before admission was within 6 months [60%] and 12 months [78%]. Histopathologically, 64 cases [61%] of them were the squamous cell carcinoma, 21 cases [15%] were the adenocarcinoma, 20 cases [14.8%] were the anaplastic carcinoma. Fifty-six cases were resectable: 43 cases were subjected to pneumonectomy and 13 cases were to lobectomy. The remaining 82 cases were nonresectable, but exploratory thoracotomy was performed in 22 cases of them. Among 56 resected cases, 33 cases were radically operated and 17 cases were subjected to palliative operation and 6 cases were subjected to extended operation. [Concomitant pericardium resection in 1 case and concomitant chest wall resection in 5 cases]. Surgical mortality was 10.7% and causes of death were aspiration of contralateral lung, respiratory insufficiency, postop. empyema with B.P.F, cardiogenic failure. This study analysed the cancer stage between preop clinical T.N.M. stage and postop. T.N.M. stage in 78 cases; resectable 56 cases and non-resectable 22 cases.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.6 s.53
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• pp.665-674
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cephalometric characteristics of the open-bite patients with DJD of TMJ. The DJD open-bite cases were compared with normal samples and Class II open-bite cases with normal TMJ respectively. Twenty three open-bite patients with bilateral DJD of TMJ($13.9\~35.3$ yens old, Group I) were selected from the Department of Orthodontics, SNUDH. Group ll consisted of thirteen Class II open-bite cases($13.2\~27.4$ years old) with no TMD signs/symtoms and good condylar shapes. Group III samples were the forty eight healthy dental students who have Class I molar relationships with no history of orthodontic treatment, good facial balance and no TMD symptoms($20.0\~26.8$ years old). First, sixty measurements in the lateral cephalometric radiographs and analysis of variance(P<0.05, Scheffe) were used to compare these three groups. The seven measurements showed significant difference(p<0.05) between Group I and Group II. After analysis of variance, six of them were used for the discriminant analysis(Wilks' stepwise analysis) and the discrminant function for Group I/Group II was obtained. The results and conclusions were as follows : In most of the measurments, Group I and Group II showed the same skeletal and dental characteristics. But seven of the sixty measurements(FH-PP angle, SNB, FH-ArGo angle, articulare angle, genial angle, upper gonial angle and Ar-Go length) were significantly different(p<0.05) between Group I and Group II. These differences may be explained by the fact that in DJD cases the mandible rotated backward due to the shortening of the ramus following the degenerative destruction of condylar head and its surrounding structures. The resulting discriminant function was : $D={-0.120X}_1+{0.066X}_2+{0.144X}_3-{0.058X}_4+2000,\;where\;X_1=ArGo\;length(mm),\;X_2=SArGo\;angle(degree),\;X_3=FH-PP\;angle(degree),\;X_4=Gonial\;angle(degree)$. Mean of the group centroids was -0.555 and percent of the 'grouped' cases correctly classified was $88.89\%$.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2001

Objective : The spinal cord tumors(including vertebral tumors) are increasingly diagnosed and operated due to development of refined diagnostic and therapeutic tools. It is necessary to re-evaluate clinical features and surgical results of spinal cord tumors with increasing cases and developing treatment modalities. The authors reviewed the spinal cord tumor cases to evaluate their clinical characteristics. Material and Methods : The retrospective review of 654 cases of spinal cord tumors between 1973 and 1999 was done. The clinical features, pathological analysis and surgical results were analyzed and compared to the literature. The results of the study are analyzed with a more detailed consideration of each of major pathologies : neurogenic tumors, meningeal tumors, neuroepithelial tumors, and metastatic tumors. Results and Conclusion : The spinal cord tumor was most common in the 5th decade of age(145 cases, 22.1%) and 78 cases(11.9%) were found in children under 15 years of age. The ratio of male to female was 1.2 : 1. The pathologic diagnosis was neurogenic tumor in 266 cases(40.7%), neuroepithelial tumor in 131(20.0%), metastatic tumor in 118(18.0%), and meningeal tumor in 94(14.4%) in the order of frequency. The tumor was located most frequently in the thoracic area(36.5%) and in the intradural extramedullary space(38.1%). The most common initial presentation was pain(40.1%) and the mean duration for presentation to operation was 14.8 months. The total or gross total removal was possible in 404 cases(61.7%) and the surgical result on the postoperative one month was recovery or improvement in 424 cases(64.8%), stationary in 188(28.7%), progression in 42(6.4%). As a surgical complication, there was a spinal deformity(12 cases), wound infection(5 cases), aspiration pneumonia(5 cases) etc. Neurogenic tumors and menigiomas showed good surgical results, whereas neuroepithelial tumors(except ependymoma) and metastatic tumors showed relatively poor prognosis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to present nurses' legal conflicts and legal basis through the precedent analysis of a crime of professional negligence resulting in death and injury for the past 20 years and provide vital references to cultivate the correct and high-level legal consciousness of nurses. Methods: This study was conducted in five stages of the systematic content analysis method. It amalyses the precedents of a crime of nurses' professional negligence resulting in death and injury from 2000 to 2020. The application system for the provision of the written judgment was used to collect precedents. A total of 67 cases were analyzed in this study, and they were classified according to the type of nursing error, and the contents were systematically analyzed. Results: A total of 52 cases (77.5%) of nursing errors were caused by independent nursing practices. They were classified as 38 cases (A1) in the violation of patient supervision obligations, 12 cases in the violation of progress observation obligations (A2), one case in the violation of medical equipment inspection obligations (A3), and one case in the violation of explanation and verification obligations. Among the non-independent nursing practices (code B), B1 was 10 cases related to administrative acts, one blood transfusion accident (B2), and one anesthesia accident (B3). Conclusion: To prevent nurses from being involved in legal confits, the advocation of systematic training such as nurses' legal obligations and judgment grounds through case-based learning from the recent precedent analysis and promote nurses' legal perspective, and preventive activities are essential.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 1998

Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) has been used effectively as the initial modality in evaluating various thyroid lesions. We correlated cytologic and histopathologic features to investigate the diagnostic pitfalls of FNAC of the thyroid. A total of 1,593 FNACs of the thyroid were diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Hospital, from January 1993 to December 1997 There were 963 cytologically benign cases(60.5%), 97 suspicious cases(6.1%), and 75 malignant cases(4.71%). The remaining 458 cases(28.8%) were unsatisfactory. Subsequent surgical resection was done in 192 cases. Seventy-two cases(37.5%) were cytologically diagnosed as benign, 45 cases(23.4%) suspicious, 56 cases(29.2%) malignant, and 19 cases(9.9%) unsatisfactory. Histopathologically, 101 cases were benign(11 thyroidites, 52 adenomatous hyperplasias, 34 follicular adenomas, and four Hurthle cell adenomas), and 91 cases malignant(72 papillary carcinomas, 16 follicular carcinomas, one medullary carcinoma, one anaplastic carcinoma, and one granular cell tumor). After excluding 19 unsatisfactory cases, 63 were misdiagnosed. They included 17 benign(three thyroidites and 14 adenomatous hyperplasias), 27 suspicious(10 follicular adenomas, four Hurthle cell adenomas, and seven follicular carcinomas), and 19 malignant(16 papillary carcinoma, one medullary carcinoma, one anaplastic carcinoma. and one granular cell tumor) lesions. The accuracy rates in the benign, suspicious, and malignant categories were 54.9%, 49.8%, & 92.8%, respectively. The cytological pitfalls were as follows: (1) background, (2) crowded follicular cell clusters indistinguishable between follicular neoplasia and adenomatous hyperplasia, (3) papillary structure, irregular nuclear membrane and pleomorphism mimicking those of papillary carcinoma, (4) indistinct eosinophilia in follicular epithelial cells, (5) unusual cellular components not commonly seen in FNACS of the thyroid.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2007

Objective : Thoracoscopic spinal surgery provides minimally invasive approaches for effective vertebral decompression and reconstruction of the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine, while surgery related morbidity can be significantly lowered. This study analyzes clinical results of thoracoscopic spinal surgery performed at our institute. Methods : Twenty consecutive patients underwent video-assisted thoracosopic surgery (VATS) to treat various thoracic and thoracolumbar pathologies from April 2000 to July 2006. The lesions consisted of spinal trauma (13 cases), thoracic disc herniation (4 cases), tuberculous spondylitis (1 case), post-operative thoracolumbar kyphosis (1 case) and thoracic tumor (1 case). The level of operation included upper thoracic lesions (3 cases), midthoracic lesions (6 cases) and thoracolumbar lesions (11 cases). We classified the procedure into three groups: stand-alone thoracoscopic discectomy (3 cases), thoracoscopic fusion (11 cases) and video assisted mini-thoracotomy (6 cases). Results : Analysis on the Frankel performance scale in spinal trauma patients (13 cases), showed a total of 7 patients who had neurological impairment preoperatively : Grade D (2 cases), Grade C (2 cases), Grade B (1 case), and Grade A (2 cases). Four patients were neurologically improved postoperatively, two patients were improved from C to E, one improved from grade D to E and one improved from grade B to grade D. The preoperative Cobb's and kyphotic angle were measured in spinal trauma patients and were $18.9{\pm}4.4^{\circ}$ and $18.8{\pm}4.6^{\circ}$, respectively. Postoperatively, the angles showed statistically significant improvement, $15.1{\pm}3.7^{\circ}$ and $11.3{\pm}2.4^{\circ}$, respectively(P<0.001). Conclusion : Although VATS requires a steep learning curve, it is an effective and minimally invasive procedure which provides biomechanical stability in terms of anterior column decompression and reconstruction for anterior load bearing, and preservation of intercostal muscles and diaphragm.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1986

The author performed radiographical analysis of the third molar dentition and characteristic relation to anatomical oral structure. For this purpose 506 orthopantomagraph film, male 283cases and female 223 cases, aged from 15 to 30 years were evaluated by means of Winter's classification in conjunction with some other methods. Through the study following results were obtained; 1. The eruption of(equation omitted) were found in 229 cases followed by 61 cases of(equation omitted) and 45 cases showed no evidence of eruption. 2. The classification based on the relation of ramus to distal portion of the 2nd molar revealed class Ⅱ, 460 cases (61.8%) and 182 cases (24.5%) were class Ⅲ. 3. Parallelism between long axis of mandibular third molar and the second molar were found in 302 cases (40.8%) and mesial inclination of the third molar were 280 cases (37.6%). 4. Average inclination degree among these cases showed 138.62±12.56°.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1286-1291
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• 1992

We have experienced 456 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax from January, 1981 to December, 1991 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital. Of these, 102 cases were recurrent pneumothorax. These 102 cases were based on the retrospective clinical analysis, and the results were as follows: The ratio of male to female was 6.2: 1 in male predominance and the old aged patients, over 50 years old, occupied 46.8%a of all patients. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax was 43 cases[42.6%] and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax was 59 cases. The underlying pathology in secondary spontaneous pneumothorax was tuberculosis: 31 cases[30.4%], emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 27 cases[26.1%], Most frequent operative and pathologic findings in the primary and the secondary spontaneous pneumothorax was bullae and blebs at apex. The employed managements were only closed thoracostomy in 41 cases, open thoracot-omy in 61 cases. The operative procedures at thoracotomy were bullectomy or bullae ligation in 37 cases, bullae resection with wedge resection in 8 cases, bullae resection with segmentectomy in 6 cases, bullae resection with decortication in 3 cases, lobectomy in 5 cases, decortication in 2 cases. Complications were subcutaneous emphysema[5 cases], wound infection[1 case], and temporary pulmonary insufficiency[1 cases]

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-12
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• 2019

Medical disputes can always arise in the medical environment. We aimed to decrease the medical disputes by analysis for causes and results of cases of medical disputes. The cases of medical dispute were found on the homepage of the Supreme Court based on the judgment data which was searched using the keyword 'Jeju, Medical accident' and it was described as the area related to each medical accident. There was total of 13 cases related medical disputes in Jeju. The final states of the patients were different in each causes, but death accounted for 10 cases (76.92%), comatose state for one and disability for two respectively. The cases were 2 related with an injury from a fall. The major cause was violation of medical care obligation. Physician have to learn recent medical knowledge, have competence, and explain the detailed procedures and complications before the procedures dependent on patient autonomy.