• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.139-152
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• 2004

The main objective of this research is to investigate the color coordination types and their characteristics of contemporary female fashion by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' of four collections (i.e., cities) - Paris, Milan, New York, London - from the periods of 2000 S/S to 2002/3 A/W. Through the review of various books and articles written on the subject, the color coordination types and their characteristics were categorized and defined. The data was collected by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' magazine and total 4,269 observations were made. These in turn were categorized into eight color coordination and three color tone categories through the content analysis. Frequency analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings are as follows; First of all, there were 8 observable color coordination categories in contemporary women's fashion. The most used color coordination was chromatic & achromatic color coordination. It was followed by chromatic identical, and then by achromatic identical color coordination. These three color coordinations were the majority, comprizing 73.4％ of the total. The rest were in the order of complementary, gradation, similarity, accent. And the most used tone type was contrasting tone and followed by similar and identical. Next, the analysis of each coordination categories shows that; The chromatic identical coordination focused on presenting its own unity or break it using the contrasting color tone. Meanwhile, the achromatic identical coordination project a clean and strong feeling through black and white combination or a subtle feeling through the different material combination. The chromatic & achromatic coordination showed strong colors and contrasting tones of clear and bright colors. Meanwhile, the characteristics of complementary coordinations are that these coordinations seem to free the colors and show the subtle changes in tones very clearly. The gradation coordination was used to create a cool and lively feeling. Next, the similarity coordination seems to create feminine and warm feeling by taking advantage of similar color feelings, often through the use of warm to warm, cool to cool color matching. Lastly, the accent coordination, through the use of contrasting tones emphasizes the differences in colors, while separation coordination mostly uses black and white on various color coordinations.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.111-124
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to conduct a comparison analysis of color in the characteristics and image of Korea/China/Japan airline uniforms. Research subjects for this research included 19 Korean, Chinese and Japanese airlines servicing the Incheon International Airport in South Korea. The analysis methods are based on the Munsell Color Order System and PCCS (Practical Color Coordinate System) tone classification in order to examine the color characteristics. For the color image analysis, the present research performed a positioning on Shigenobu Kobayashi's color images scale with adjectives in order to compare the resulting differences. As a result of the analysis, this research discovered the following; First, achromatic colors were found to be used most frequently in flight attendant uniforms of Korea/China/Japan. In Korean flight attendant uniforms, YR/Y, GY and B/PB/P; in Chinese, R/PB, RP, YR/Y/GY and BG/P; in Japanese, RP, R/P/PB and Y/BG were found in order. As for the main uniform colors, Korean flight attendant uniforms were found to be in the colors YR, and R/GY/B/P; Chinese flight attendant uniforms, R, PB, and P/B; and Japanese flight attendant uniforms, R, BG, B, RP and N. Second, Korean flight attendant uniforms used W and It most frequently; China flight attendant uniforms, W; and Japanese flight attendant uniforms, W and v. Regarding the main colors, Korean flight atteddant uniforms used lt/g and v/p; Chinese flight attendant uniforms, v, dp and s/d/dkg; and Japanese flight attendant uniforms, v/dkg and Bk. Third, after positioning each country's uniform color combination bars on the Kobayashi image scale, Korean flight attendant uniforms showed classic images along with casual/pretty/elegant/chic images; Chinese flight attendant uniforms displayed, casual images as well as, dynamic/gorgeous/chic/cool casual/dandy images; and finally, Japanese flight attendant uniforms converyed dandy images along with casual/gorgeous images. This research findings indicate that Korea/China/Japan airlines' flight attendant uniforms seek for differentiated image establishment by reflecting their own CIs and unique national cultures in the uniform color marketing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2009

This study is to help make-up and coordination for image-making after analysis of facial color and shape of elderly women. The data was analyzed 55-75 years old 212 elderly women's face color and pictures by means of SPSS 12.0 statistics package. On the basis of the colorimetric data on face by Minolta CM2500D, this research considered the analysis of facial color, patternization of facial color and its analysis by age group; for the analysis of facial shape, this research patternized facial shape and analyzed its characteristic using both contour-based facial shape analysis and Kamata facial shape analysis. As for facial color, it was found that the lower age bracket has bright and reddish face, looking fine, while the higher age bracket has a conspicuously yellowish face, looking bad. The community of facial color is classified as 3 types and it was found out that the facial color of the subjects belonging to Type 3, whose L value is the largest, looked the brightest; the face of the subjects belonging to Type 2, whose a value is the largest, was much tinged with red, and the face of the subjects belonging to Type 1, whose b value is the largest were tinged with yellow. According to the analysis of facial shape, there appeared oval & long forms in the classification by contour, while there appeared a lot of downward-directed power and inner-directed power in the classification by Kamata, which is believed to reflect the phenomenon that their chin line becomes roundish and the facial length also tend to be longer due to aging.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1628-1630
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to see the method of the analysis of EEG(Electroencephalography) whcih is a nonlinear system, to quantize human emotion under color stimulation using the analysis of EEG. The result of this study would be used clinical study and development fo image instruments with color. In this study, the method of the analysis of EEG is power spectrum using FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) and the modelling of EEG under color stimulation base on back propagation Neural Networks ond of AI(Artfical Intellignece) skills. First, input layer make a match to relative power which get analyzing s in 4 channels, and output layer make a match to color stimulation which is measured human emotion. Finally, weights of each neurons determine by learing back porpagation Neural Networks.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.256-262
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• 2007

Image processing systems have been used to measure the plant parameters such as size, shape and structure of plants. There are yet some limited applications for evaluating plant colors due to illumination conditions. This study was focused to present adaptive methods to analyze plant leaf color regardless of illumination conditions. Color patches attached on the calibration bars were selected to represent leaf colors of lettuces and to test a possibility of health monitoring of lettuces. Repeatability of assigning leaf colors to color patches was investigated by two-tailed t-test for paired comparison. It resulted that there were no differences of assignment histogram between two images of one lettuce that were acquired at different light conditions. It supported that use of the calibration bars proposed for leaf color analysis provided color constancy, which was one of the most important issues in a video color analysis. A health discrimination equation was developed to classify lettuces into one of two classes, SOUND group and POOR group, using the machine vision. The classification accuracy of the developed health discrimination equation was 80.8%, compared to farmers' decision. This study could provide a feasible method to develop a standard color chart for evaluating leaf colors of plants and plant health monitoring system using the machine vision.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.24-31
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• 2011

Double-color Injection molding machine is the assembly of many kinds of mechanical, fluid power part and electric electronic control system. From in these, fluid power is a part where becomes the first core of this machine. Fluid power systems of double-color injection molding machine are modelled and analyzed using a commercial program AMESim. Partial system models which is divided according to functional operation are made and its analysis results shows how design parameters work on operational characteristics like pressure, flow rates, displacement at each node and so on. Analysis modeling and compared the data which gets from experiment and the analysis result which has a reliability got data. The results made by analysis will be used design of fluid power circuit for developing a double-color injection molding machine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide color information in order to planning and merchandising in china fashion through the color of Beijing opera. In objective study, we collect total 302 Beijing opera images. The collecting method of source data is to extract digital color data by color picker. We transform RGB color data to H V/C, CIE L*a*b and analyze the attributes of color and tone, three-dimensional analysis. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The color distrbution of Beijing opera is R(26.9%)>YR(18.2%)>PB(11.6%)>Y(9.6%). Traditional preference color, red is most popular color as 26.7%:, the practice of vivid tone red is numerous. 2. The tone distribution of Beijing opera costume is P(16%)>It(13.9%)>d(11%)>5(9.6%)>4kg (8.2%)>b(7.1%:). The value o# Beijing opera costume distribute medium and medium-high and the chroma of those distributes low. 3. High chroma yellow is restrictive color as the symbol of emperor in china but medium-low chroma yellow is very frequently used. 4. Blue is often used in china costume. Especially in Beijing opera costume blue is symbol of bravery, dignity, cruel character 5. White in Beijing opera costume is much used for symbol of righteous loyalist. Black is less used than white in Beijing opera costume and black is authority color for symbol of the prime minister.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the industry foodservice management practices and to suggest guidelines for the effective foodservice management. The survey for the analysis was conducted through the questionnaires to dietitians. They were divided into two groups : the site color worker and the blue color worker. The questionnaires were received for a response rate of 73.2%. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS programs for descriptive analysis, $x^2$ test, T-test, F-test, and Fisher's LSD. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1) The level of education of dietitians and food cost in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker was lower than the employee feeding operations for the white color worker. 2) The labor productivity indices were not significantly different according to types of workers. But in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker, full-time foodservice employees worked more than 10.7 hour per week than their counterpart. This indicates the full-time foodservice employees in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker performed more loaded work compared to the employee feeding operations for the white color worker. 3) Equipped rate of facilities in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker was low especially in the food preparation and cooking processes.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.365-374
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the color characteristics and color sensibility of mulberry/cotton blended fabrics dyed with indigo, the natural dye, and analyze effects of them on color preferences. The values of CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ $C^*$, h were calculated for the color characteristics of indigo-dyed fabrics, and their hue, value, and chroma were calculated according to the Munsell color system. Fifty male and female college students evaluated the color sensibility of nine types fabrics dyed with indigo on a seven-point scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Kruscal-Wallis test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The mulberry/cotton blended fabrics naturally dyed with indigo showed the characteristics of PB color tones, low value, and low chroma. The color sensibilities of fabrics dyed with indigo were classified into four factors: 'classic', 'sporty', 'elegant' and 'natural'. There were significant differences according to the fibers and the repeating times of dyeing in the color sensibility for the fabrics. Cotton fabrics were evaluated to be more classic, sporty, elegant, and natural than the mulberry/cotton blended fabrics, and the deeper the color, the more classic, sporty, and elegant the fabric was evaluated. The students preferred the indigo dyed fabrics which have more classic, sporty, and natural sensibility. There were significant relationships between the color sensibilities and colorimetric properties of the fabrics dyed with indigo. The color preferences of the dyed fabrics with indigo were found to be influenced by the 'classic', 'sporty', 'natural' of color sensibility.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.31-44
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• 2009

This study aims at clarifying the influence that color, tone, dot size, the combination of area ratios exercise on the harmony in dot necktie, and revealing the harmony differentiation according to the cues of various factors for pattern design. The conclusion is drawn as below, in the result that the cues which can exercise influence on the harmony of dot necktie, was analyzed by 54 stimuli. In the result of analysis of variance in order to clarify the influence which color, tone, dot size, and color area ratio exercise on dot necktie harmony, color and dot size operate appeared to be independent cues which exercise significant influence with main effect. In the result of the harmony difference analysis on color, tone, dot size, and color area ratio combination by multiple comparison, the cyan color in vivid tone was estimated to be most inharmonious in the analysis by color and tone. Viewing the harmony difference according to color and dot size, the dot size of 0.5cm in cyan was perceived to be most harmonious. Viewing the harmony difference according to color and color area ratio combination, both magenta and cyan were estimated to be positive, regardless of area ratio combination, and particularly, the case that the background was in cyan and the dots were in grey was perceived more harmonious compared to the contrary case. Viewing the harmony difference according to tone and dot sizes, the case when the dot sizes were 0.5cm, was perceived to be most positive, regardless of tone. Viewing the harmony difference according to color area ratio combination and tone, the case that the chromatic colors, cyan, magenta, and yellow was used as background, was estimated to be more harmonious, compared to the case that the achromatic color, grey was used as background. Viewing the harmony difference according to dot size and color area ratio combination, in case that the dots were in chromatic color and the background was in grey, the harmony showed difference by dot size, and the case of the dot size of 0.5cm was estimated to be most harmonious.