• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.226-240
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• 2022

Local governments over a certain size in Republic of Korea may conduct Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) considering regional characteristics if it is necessary, in accordance with Article 42 of the 「Environmental Impact Assessment Act」. However, it was investigated that the number of local government EIA operation in many local governments was less than initial expectations. In order to improve it, the status of ordinances and consultation guidelines which are different for each local government need to be compared, and the institutional issues forthe relevant local governments must be found considering regional characteristics. Furthermore, detailed regulation and guidance on the local government EIA procedure should be included in the consultation guidelines and related information need to be provided. In this study, focusing on the case of Incheon Metropolitan City, the status of local government EIA ordinances in metropolitan cities and provinces with a similar condition was investigated, and the types and scope of target projects were compared and analyzed. In addition, consultation guidelines forIncheon Metropolitan City were written, and improvements on the procedure flow and overall schedule designation derived from the process were presented. In the case of Incheon Metropolitan City, there were no detailed information officially announced regarding the regulations of the local government EIA ordinance and follow-up management, so the administrative system of the local government needed to be reinforced in this field. Meanwhile, considering the status of local environment and geography, some target project types were deemed necessary to be added: port construction projects, water resource development projects, railroad construction projects, and military facilities installation projects. The results of this study will provide useful information to local governments which want to improve their operation effectiveness by reorganizing the local government EIA system and preparing specific guidelines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2022

The 3D spatial model is an analysis framework for solving urban problems and is used in various fields such as urban planning, environment, land and housing management, and disaster simulation. The utilization of drones that can capture 3D images in a short time at a low cost is increasing for the construction of 3D spatial model. In terms of building a virtual city and utilizing simulation modules, high location accuracy of aerial survey and precision of 3D spatial model function as important factors, so a method to increase the accuracy has been proposed. This study analyzed location accuracy of aerial survey and precision of 3D spatial model by each condition of aerial survey for urban areas where buildings are densely located. We selected Daerim 2-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul as a target area and applied shooting angle, shooting altitude, and overlap rate as conditions for the aerial survey. In this study, we calculated the location accuracy of aerial survey by analyzing the difference between an actual survey value of CPs and a predicted value of 3D spatial Model. Also, We calculated the precision of 3D spatial Model by analyzing the difference between the position of Point cloud and the 3D spatial Model (3D Mesh). As a result of this study, the location accuracy tended to be high at a relatively high rate of overlap, but the higher the rate of overlap, the lower the precision of 3D spatial model and the higher the shooting angle, the higher precision. Also, there was no significant relationship with precision. In terms of baseline-height ratio, the precision tended to be improved as the baseline-height ratio increased.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of side vent heights on temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the single-span plastic greenhouse (W: 7 m, L: 40 m H: 3.9 m) during natural ventilation. Four different heights (120, 100, 80, 60 cm) of the side vent were used as an experimental condition. Variations of temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouse and the differences between heights were compared by using one-way ANOVA. In the daytime, the difference in temperature between inside and outside the greenhouse was dropped from 14.0℃ to 7.1℃ as the side vent height increased. The temperature difference in the nighttime was less than 0.2℃ regardless of the height. One-way ANOVA on the temperature difference between heights presented that the statistical significance was founded between all of the combinations of height in the daytime. The difference in relative humidity between inside and outside the greenhouse was grown from -13.8% to -22.2% with a decrease in the side vent height. The humidity difference in the nighttime was less than 1% regardless of the height. One-way ANOVA on the humidity difference revealed that most of the side vent heights showed significance in the daytime but between 100 and 80 cm was not significant. It seemed because the external air became cooler during the experiment with a height of 80 cm. Conclusively, this study empirically demonstrated that the higher side vents resulted in the decrease of differences in temperature and relative humidity between inside and outside the greenhouse, and also the effect of side vent height was statistically significant. This study may be helpful for deciding the height of the side vent effective for controlling temperature and relative humidity in a single-span greenhouse during natural ventilation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine relation of oral health awareness, knowledge and behavior in department dental hygiene, health-related majors and health-unrelated majors in attempt to provide basic data of oral health promotion and oral health education. This study were 591 female H university students in Gwangju. The interests of oral health, the recognition of importance for oral health, and recognition of one's own oral health status were highest in dental hygiene students, followed by health-unrelated majors and health-related majors. The level of oral health knowledge by the major was highest in dental hygiene students(9.73), followed by health-related majors(9.14) and health-unrelated majors(9.05). In the oral health behavior by major, students who brushed more than three times a day, used the oral care products and received regular dental examinations within 1 year were the highest in the dental hygiene major, followed by health-related majors and health-unrelated majors. The experience of scaling within 1 year was the highest in the dental hygiene major, followed by health-related majors and health-unrelated majors. The higher the oral health knowledge, increased awareness of oral health concern and the importance of oral health. Also, the higher the degree of interest in oral health, the greater the recognition that oral health is important and the more the oral health condition is perceived as healthy, It was found that the number of brushing increased. In this results, the higher the oral health knowledge, the higher the oral health awareness and the oral health behavior. It is necessary to find ways to develop or utilize various oral health education for university students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.955-964
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• 2022

According to the statistics of maritime accidents statistics that have occurred in Korea over the past five years, maritime accidents caused by fishing boats have increased every year from 1,646 in 2016 to 2,100 in 2020. In particular, of the 378 capsizing accidents that have occurred in the past five years, 252 capsizing accidents of fishing boats account for a high proportion of 66.7%, therefore, it is urgent to come up with countermeasures. In this study, to determine the cause of the capsizing accident of fishing boat No. 66 poongsung, data such as stability and seawater inflow routes were collected, and the effects of waterproof, additional wood decks, and windbreakers on stability on were quantitatively analyzed. Additional decks, windbreakers, and waterproof installed in No. 66 poongsung cause initial list, deteriorate stability, and fail to meet fishing boat structural standards. In addition, it was analyzed that the stability was weakened due to the characteristics of the hull shape of No. 66 poongsung. To estimate the stability at the time of the accident, the stability at the time of the working in the fishing ground condition, amount of seawater inflow according to the change in sea conditions, hull oscillation situation, and change in stability due to the hull factor were calculated. As a result, the minimum GoM was satisfied at the time of working in the fishing ground, but it could not be restored at the maximum wave height of 4 m, and the minimum GoM was not satisfied at the maximum wave height of 4 m owing to the influence of seawater inflow and oscillation due to the hull list. However, the minimum GoM was satisfied if additional decks and windbreakers installation was excluded among the factors affecting the stability of No. 66 poongsung.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

This study measured the antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of 192 Boehmeria nivea var. tenacissima (Gaudich.) Miq. collected from six regions in order to identify the possibility of its industrial application. Two antioxidant activity assay (DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity) and two phytochemical content assay (total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC)) of 192 samples were analyzed. The results showed that the DPPH radical scavenging activity of 192 samples was ranged from 0.02 to 1.35 mgAAE/g, and among them, the samples collected from Goheung (0.53 ± 0.37) and Ulleungdo (0.52 ± 0.28) showed the highest activity. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was showed the ranged from 0.07 to 1.81 mgAAE/g, and the samples collected at Ulleungdo (0.47 ± 0.36) showed the highest activity. The total polyphenol content of 192 samples was 18.6 to 234.8 ugGAE/g, and the samples collected at Mokpo (93.4 ± 34.7) and Jindo (90.4 ± 24.5) showed the highest content. The total flavonoid content was 0.10 to 1.22 mgQE/g and the samples collected at Ulleungdo (0.49 ± 0.31) showed the highest content. In the correlation analysis, there was no significant relationship between the environmental conditions and the antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol content showed a positive correlation with daily temperature difference, and negative correlation with average wind speed and average humidity, and total flavonoid content showed negative correlations with the average temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature. This result can be used as a basic data establish the cultivation conditions of B. nivea var. tenacissima (Gaudich.) Miq. as a functional raw material to increase the usefulness of B. nivea var. tenacissima (Gaudich.) Miq..

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.12-27
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• 2023

In this study, among the construction-type parks in Gangdong-gu, targeting parks with high environmental and ecological value located on the urban green axis, a plan was prepared for the ecological renewal of urban parks, and a design that applied to them was proposed. The renewal target site was selected by analyzing the general condition of Gangdong-gu and urban parks, the land use and green area ratio, park green area, and the green axis of Gangdong-gu. Gangdong-gu has 54 parks, including 2 neighborhood parks and 52 children's parks. In the first stage of the current status review, 17 parks were extracted through locational value analysis, such as location and adjacency to the natural axis and green axis. In the second stage, eight parks were selected among the first-stage extraction parks based on the ratio of green spaces and open spaces within each park service area. In the third stage, two of the second stage extraction parks were selected based on whether the legal standard of the park area was met, and in the fourth stage, one of the third stage extraction parks was selected through an aging survey of the park. As for the urban ecological status of the renewal target site, the status of land use in the aspect of entropy reduction, the status of soil cover in the aspect of water circulation, and the status of planting structure in the aspect of biodiversity were investigated. As for the status of the three renewal sites, the green area was insufficient at 18.3-45.3%, and the facility area was 54.7%-81.7%, which was judged to have low urban temperature reduction effects. The impervious pavement area accounted for 34.5% to 48.9% of the park area, accounting for most of the facility area, and it was judged that the water circulation function was insufficient. The planting structure consisted of a single layer and a double layer structure, and although the tree layer was good, the lower vegetation was poor, and there was no planting site of edible plants or large hardwood trees, so the biodiversity was low. After the ecological renewal design of Seonrin Children's Park, Dangmal Children's Park, and Saemmul Children's Park, which were selected as the renewal targets in this study, the ecological area ratio of each park increased by 1.4 to 3 times than before the renewal. If the urban parks located on the urban green axis are examined from the perspective of the urban ecosystem and renewed ecologically, it is judged that the expected effect will be high in reducing entropy, improving water circulation, and laying the foundation for biodiversity in terms of the urban ecosystem.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.239-247
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• 2023

The FIDIC Red Book is an international standard contract condition in which the Employer designs and the Contractor performs the construction. The Engineer of FIDIC Red Book shall agree or determine any matter or Claim in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.7 neutrally, not as an agent of the Employer. This study aimed to derive Key Risk Sub-Clauses out of 49 Sub-Clauses that the Engineer of FIDIC Red Book recently revised in 18 years shall agree or determine according to Sub-Clause 3.7 using the Delphi method. A panel of 35 experts with more than 10 years of experience and expertise in international construction contracts was formed, and through total three Delphi surveys, errors and biases were prevented in the judgment process to improve reliability. As for the research method, 49 Sub-Clauses that engineers shall agree on or determine according to Sub-Clause 3.7 of the FIDIC Red Book were investigated through the analysis of contract conditions. In order to evaluate the probability and impact of contractual risk for each 49 Sub-Clause, the Delphi survey conducted repeatedly a closed-type survey three times on a Likert 10-point scale. The results of the first Delphi survey were delivered during the second survey, and the results of the second survey were delivered to the third survey, which was re-evaluated in the direction of increasing the consensus of experts' opinions. The reliability of the Delphi 3rd survey results was verified with the COV value of the coefficient of variation. The PI Risk Matrix was applied to the average value of risk probability and impact of each of the 49 Sub-Clauses and finally, 9 Key Risk Sub-Clauses that fell within the extreme risk range were derived.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.195-210
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• 2023

Additional deposition and erosion in large rivers in South Korea have continued to occur toward morphological stabilization after massive dredging through the four major river restoration project, subsequently requiring precise bathymetry monitoring. Hyperspectral bathymetry method has increasingly been highlighted as an alternative way to estimate bathymetry with high spatial resolution in shallow depth for replacing classical intrusive direct measurement techniques. This study introduced the conventional Optimal Band Ratio Analysis (OBRA) of hyperspectral bathymetry method, and evaluated the performance in a domestic large river in normal turbid and flow condition. Maximum measurable depth was estimated by applying correlation coefficient and root mean square error (RMSE) produced during OBRA with cascadedly applying cut-off depth, where the consequent hyperspectral bathymetry map excluded the region over the derived maximum measurable depth. Also non-linearity was considered in building relation between optimal band and depth. We applied the method to the Nakdong and Hwang River confluence as a large river case and obtained the following features. First, the hyperspectal method showed acceptable performance in morphological mapping for shallow regions, where the maximum measurable depth was 2.5 m and 1.25 m in the Nakdong and Hwang river, respectively. Second, RMSE was more feasible to derive the maximum measurable depth rather than the conventional correlation coefficient whereby considering various scenario of excluding range of in situ depths for OBRA. Third, highly turbid region in Hwang River did not allow hyperspectral bathymetry mapping compared with the case of adjacent Nakdong River, where maximum measurable depth was down to half in Hwang River.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 2022

In this study, Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was first reported as a natural enemy of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg collected from corn fields in Korea, and its biological characteristics was studied. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, the parasitoid emerged from S. frugiperda eggs was identified as T. remus. We found that T. remus can attack the eggs of S. frugiperda, Spodoptera litra and Spodoptera exigua under a laboratory condition. The longevity of T. remus female adult was longer than that of male adult. The egg-to-adult period of T. remus was not affected by the host age and sex. T. remus female adult laid at least 1-3 eggs a day to a maximum of 37 or more eggs, and the most oviposited on the 3^rd to 4^th day after emergence. The host preference for oviposition of T. remus adult was high in the order of S. litura>S. exigua>S. frugiperda. T. remus preferred to parasitize 1- and 2-day-old host egg rather than 3-day-old host egg. When compared to the sex ratio of T. remus progeny, the rate of female progeny was higher at the initiation time of oviposition, while the proportion of male progeny increased significantly with female adult age, especially after 8-day-old adult. This information may be useful for improving T. remus mass rearing system and developing a biological control program to control S. frugiperda.