• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.154-157
• /
• 2003

In the present study, the roots of Sesbania grandiflora L. Poiret (Papilionaceae) were successively extracted with petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CE), methanol (ME) and water (AE) by soxhlet extraction. The extracts were vacuum dried and screened for analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antibacterial (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumonia) and antifungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) activity. All the extracts exhibited potent, dose dependant (40 and 80 mg/kg) and significant analgesic and antidiarrhoeal activity in the order of AE>PE>CE>ME and ME>PE>AE>CE respectively. AE at the experimental dose was found to exhibit more potent analgesic activity than standard drug. All the extracts exhibited significant antibacterial $(100\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and antifungal activity $(50\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/ml)$. ME exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.271-274
• /
• 1997

Symplocarpus renifolius, a folk medicinal herb has been used for treatment of hypertension, rheumatis, tetanus, ringworm, cough and epilepsy in north and middle part of Korea. The extracts from the root of S. renifolius were evaluated for antibacterial, antihypertensive and analgesic activities. The crude extract of the root of S. renifolius showed antibacterial activity against Gram(+) bacteria and dose dependantly decrease the blood pressure of SHR. The chloroform extract of the roots of S. renifolius was also exibits analgesic action in mice.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.57 no.6
• /
• pp.755-760
• /
• 2013

The present study is synthesis of derivatives of N'-(4-amino-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)-2-(1H-benzimidazole-2-ylsulfanyl) acetohydrazide (IV). Antibacterial activity tested against the E. coli and A. Substilis. Biological activities conducted by disc diffusion method. Compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_3$, $2MB_5$ inhibit the appreciable microbial growth while rest of the compound possess the moderate activities. Anti-inflammatory activity tested by reduces local edema induced in the rat paw by injection of phlogestic agent. Compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_8$, $2MB_5$, $2MB_3$ and $2MB_6$ exhibit satisfying anti-inflammatory activity while analgesic activity conducted by acetic acid induced writhing effect in mice while compound $2MB_1$, $2MB_4$ and $2MB_7$ having the good analgesic activity. The chemical structures of all newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their IR, $^1H$ NMR and mass spectral data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.2235-2240
• /
• 2007

3-Aryloxy methyl-4-(N-pyrazin-2'yl carboxamido)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles (3a1-a14) were prepared starting from potassium dithio carbazinates (2a1-a14). These triazoles were then employed in the synthesis of 3-aryloxy methyl-4-(N-pyrazin-2'yl carboxamido)-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazoles (4a1-a14). All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical, IR, NMR spectral studies. The compounds were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Most of the compounds have shown significant antifungal activity while few have shown excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. An attempt is made to study the structure activity relationship (SAR).

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.395-399
• /
• 2008

Methanol and aqueous extract of leaves of Trema orientalis Linn. were subjected to the potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The pharmacological interest of this plant coupled with traditional use (antidiarrhoeal, antiseptic, analgesic etc) prompted to test for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract was determined on the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical. $IC_{50}$ of the methanol extract of T. orientalis was $110.25\;{\mu}g/ml$ which indicated the strong antioxidant activity of the plant. However the aqueous extract showed mild antioxidant activity. In case of antibacterial activities test, the extract was subjected for its effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in agar diffusion method. The zones of inhibition produced by the crude methanol and aqueous extract against few sensitive strains were measured and compared with those of standard antibiotic Gentamycin. It is evident that both extracts are active against the bacteria at low concentrations. The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine and suggest its further advance investigation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.72-79
• /
• 2023

MRSA is Staphylococcus aureus resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and is a worldwide infectious disease. Even with the discovery of new antibiotics, resistance develops rapidly, so new alternatives are needed. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) is a combination of Jakyak and Gamcho, and has been mainly used as an antispasmodic and analgesic in oriental medicine. This study was conducted to find out whether there is an effect on MRSA in relation to the anti-inflammatory effect of JGT and the antibacterial effect of Jakyak and Gamcho found in previous studies. In this study, in order to investigate the antibacterial activity of JGT and the combined effect of existing antibiotics, after extracting JGT with 70% EtoH, the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), drug combination effect (FICI), and time-kill analysis (Time-kill assay), metabolic inhibition, Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis were used to confirm the antibacterial activity mechanism of MRSA of JGT. As a result of the experiment, all of MRSA showed antibacterial activity in JGT's disc diffusion method, and the MIC was 250-1000 ㎍/mL. When existing antibiotics and JGT were combined with drugs, most had synergy or partial synergy. In addition, it was confirmed that the degree of bacterial growth was suppressed over time when simultaneous administration for 24 hours. JGT showed a synergistic effect when administered together with the ATPase-inhibitor DCCD, suggesting that it affected the inhibition of ATPase. As a result of observing the expression of PBP2a, and hla protein in the JGT-treated group and the untreated control group through wstern blot, it was confirmed that the protein expression of the JGT-treated group was significantly suppressed, and the expression levels of mecA, mecR1 and hla genes were also suppressed during JGT treatment. was observed by qRT-PCR. Combining the results of the experiment, it can be seen that JGT has antibacterial activity in MRSA, and when combined with existing antibiotics, the effect was increased compared to treatment with the drug alone. This suggests that JGT can be an alternative to treatment for antibiotic resistance of MRSA.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2017

Fruits of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.), (English: mangrove apple, Bengali: keora) both seeds and pericarps, are largely consumed as food besides their enormous medicinal application. The fruit seeds have high content of nutrients and bioactive components. The seeds powder of S. apetala was successively fractionated using n-hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The fractions were used to evaluate antibacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, analgesic, and cytotoxic activities. Methanol fraction of seeds (MeS) stronly inhibited Escherichia coli strains, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus except Vibrio cholerae at $500{\mu}g/disc$. All the fractions strongly inhibited castor oil induced diarrhoeal episodes and onset time in mice at 500 mg extract/kg body weight (P<0.001). At the same concentration, MeS had the strongest inhibitory activity on diarrhoeal episodes, whereas the n-hexane fraction (HS) significantly (P<0.05) prolonged diarrhoeal onset time as compared to positive control. Similarly, HS (P<0.005) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing in mice at 500 mg extract/kg, more than any other fraction. HS and diethyl ether fractions of seed strongly increased reaction time of mice in hot plate test at 500 mg extract/kg. All the fractions showed strong cytotoxic effects in brine shrimp lethality tests. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of HS led to the identification of 23 compounds. Linoleic acid (29.9%), palmitic acid (23.2%), ascorbyl palmitate (21.2%), and stearic acid (10.5%) were the major compounds in HS. These results suggest that seeds of S. apetala could be of great use as nutraceuticals.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2009

Baicalin is a flavonoid purified from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis. It has been reported that baicalin exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The present study was undertaken to determine the underlying cellular mechanisms of baicalin action in preosteoclasts. The effects of this flavonoid on preosteoclasts were determined by measuring osteoclast generation and osteoclast activity in macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent bone marrow cells (MDBMCs) and in co-cultures of MDBMCs and osteoblasts. Osteoclast generation was assayed by measuring the number of tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (+) multinucleated cells after culture. Osteoclast activity was assayed by measuring the area of the resorption pit after culture. We found that osteoclast generation was induced by M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), and by the 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in our cultures. Baicalin decreased both osteoclast generation and activity in MDBM cultures and co-cultures indicating that it may inhibit bone resorption.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2008

Baicalin is a flavonoid compound isolated from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis. It is known to affect multiple biological functions, including of antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Baicalin can inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB activation. It has been reported that some flavonoids possess the effects of bone metabolism. The present study was undertaken to determine the possible cellular mechanism of action of baicalin in osteoblasts. The effects on the osteoblast were determined by measuring cell proliferation, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteoprotegerin secretion. Baicalin has no effect on the osteoblastic cell proliferation and cell viability. Baicalin treatment showed increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoprotegerin secretion of osteoblasts. Thus, baicalin may be a regulatory protein within the bone.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.323-349
• /
• 1996

Gamitonggyutang has been used for treatment of rhinitis in oriental medical science. It is reported that Gamitonggyutang has a good effect on sinusitis in clinical medicine. So this study analysed the effect of Gamitonggyutang on anti-inflammatory, analgenic, anti-Allergic effect and Antibacterial Activity. The result were summerised as follows; 1. Gamitonggyutang extract decreased the edema indused by Carregennin at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. 2. Gamitonggyutang extract decreased the protein exudation indused by CMC-pouch at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. 3. Gamitonggyutang extract showed the ataralgesia at 800mg/kg by measurement of writhing syndrome, paw licking time and escape time induced by the i.p. infection of acetic acid and hot plate. 4. Gamitonggyutang extract decreased the effluent of vascular permeability indused by Evans blue at 600mg/kg and 800mg/kg. 5. Gamitonggyutang extract decreased the acute edema indused by Carregennin about 2 and 4 hours but didn't show useful effect. 6. Gamitonggyutang extract decreased the death rate, resulted from the effect of active systemic anaphylaxis reaction indused by CGG, but didn't show useful effect.. 7. Gamitonggyutang extract showed the growth inhibitory effect of each bacterias at $52mg/m{\ell}$. 8. Gamitonggyutang extract suppressed the growth of Streptococcus mutans 10449, and showed the supression of acid fabrication in case of 1:10 more than 1:100.