• 제목/요약/키워드: Anaerobic $H_2$ fermentation

검색결과 128건 처리시간 0.028초

혐기성 회분식 배양에서 양돈폐수의 NH$_4$-Nitrogen이 혐기성 미생물에 미치는 영향 (The Influence of Ammonium-Nitrogen on Anaerobic Microorganisms in Swine Wastewater by Batch-Fermentation.)

  • 김연옥
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.173-178
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구에서는 양돈폐수의 생물학적 처리의 난점 중 하나인 NH$_4$-N이 혐기성 미생물에 미치는 영향을조사하기 위해 폐수를 여러 가지 비율로 희석하여 혐기성 회분식 배양을 시도하였으며 COD제거율과 NH$_4$-N의 농도를 측정 비교하였다. 또한 MgO를 첨가하여 폐수내의 NH$_4$-N를 $MgNH_4PO_4{cdot}6H_2O$의 결정체로 형성시킨 후 침전 제거하고 같은 조건에서 배양하였다. 3개월 이상 원폐수에서 적응된 master culture는 75%의 폐수와 25%의 희석수에서 빠른 COD 제거율을 보였으며, MAP법으로 NH$_4$-N를 60% 제거한 폐수에서는 200시간 후 80%이상의 COD 제거율을 보였다. 같은 조건에서 NH$_4$-N를 함유하고 있는 폐수는 50%정도의 COD 제거율을 보여, MAP법으로 NH$_4$-N를 제거한 폐수의 혐기성소화가 월등함을 알 수 있다. 특히 중요한 결과는 NH$_4$-N 농도가 혐기성 미생물에 미치는 영향보다는 C:N의 비율이 2이하일 때 치명적인 영향을 줌을 규명하였으며 MAP법에 의해 형성된 struvit는 혐기성 미생물에 독성 영향을 주지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

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Effects of Non-ionic Surfactants on Enzyme Distributions of Rumen Contents, Anaerobic Growth of Rumen Microbes, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Performances of Lactating Cows

  • Lee, S.S.;Ahn, B.H.;Kim, H.S.;Kim, C.H.;Cheng, K.-J.;Ha, J.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.104-115
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    • 2003
  • A series of experiments was carried out to determine the possibility for the non-ionic surfactant (NIS) as a feed additive for ruminant animals. The effect of the NIS on (1) the enzyme distribution in the rumen fluids of Hereford bulls, (2) the growth of pure culture of rumen bacteria and (3) rumen anaerobic fungi, (4) the ruminal fermentation characteristics of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), and (5) the performances of Holstein dairy cows were investigated. When NIS was added to rumen fluid at the level of 0.05 and 0.1% (v/v), the total and specific activities of cell-free enzymes were significantly (p<0.01) increased, but those of cell-bound enzymes were slightly decreased, but not statistically significant. The growth rates of ruminal noncellulolytic species (Ruminobacter amylophilus, Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella ruminicola and Selenomonas ruminantium) were significantly (p<0.01) increased by the addition of NIS at both concentrations tested. However, the growth rate of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) were slightly increased or not affected by the NIS. In general, NIS appears to effect Gram-negative bacteria more than Gram-positive bacteria; and non-cellulolytic bacteria more than cellulolytic bacteria. The growth rates of ruminal monocentric fungi (Neocallimastix patriciarum and Piromyces communis) and polycentric fungi (Orpinomyces joyonii and Anaeromyces mucronatus) were also significantly (p<0.01) increased by the addition of NIS at all concentrations tested. When NIS was administrated to the rumen of Hanwoo, Total VFA and ammonia-N concentrations, the microbial cell growth rate, CMCase and xylanase activities in the rumen increased with statistical difference (p<0.01), but NIS administration did not affect at the time of 0 and 9 h post-feeding. Addition of NIS to TMR resulted in increased TMR intake and increased milk production by Holstein cows and decreased body condition scores. The NEFA and corticoid concentrations in the blood were lowered by the addition of NIS. These results indicated that the addition of NIS may greatly stimulate the release of some kinds of enzymes from microbial cells, and stimulate the growth rates of a range of anaerobic ruminal microorganisms, and also stimulate the rumen fermentation characteristics and animal performances. Our data indicates potential uses of the NIS as a feed additive for ruminant animals.

Comparison of Rabbit Caecal Content and Rabbit Hard Faeces as Source of Inoculum for the In vitro Gas Production Technique

  • Bovera, Fulvia;D'Urso, Simona;Di Meo, Carmelo;Piccolo, Giovanni;Calabro, Serena;Nizza, Antonino
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권11호
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    • pp.1649-1657
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    • 2006
  • In order to find an alternative source of inoculum to caecal content for studying the fermentation activity of rabbit hindgut, caecal content and faeces of 25 hybrid Hyla rabbits were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. About 1 g of three substrates (dehydrated alfalfa meal, dehydrated beet pulp, barley) was weighed, in quadruplicate per inoculum, in 120 ml bottles; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of reducing solution were added and bottles were placed at $39^{\circ}C$. Caecal content and faeces were diluted respectively 1:2 (CI) and 1:8 (FI) with anaerobic medium and were introduced in the respective bottles (10 ml). Gas production was recorded 20 times at 2-24 h intervals throughout fermentation (96 h). The fermentation characteristics (i.e. degraded organic matter, OMd; potential gas production, A; fermentation rate, Rmax; time at which it is reached, Tmax; pH, volatile fatty acid, VFA) were studied by inoculum and feedstuffs. The feedstuffs, according to their chemical composition, showed very different fermentation characteristics. In particular, OMd, A and Rmax allowed feedstuff classification as follows: barley>beet pulp>alfalfa. The inocula differ (p<0.05) in Tmax, were higher for CI (15.53 vs. 11.96 h) and in VFA production. In particular, CI produced higher levels of acetate (38.9 vs. 33.4 mM/g OM incubated, p<0.01) and isobutyrate (0.72 vs. 0.42, p<0.01) but less propionate (7.1 vs. 10.3, p<0.01) and butyrate (11.3 vs. 14.0, p<0.01). However, the trend of gas production, similar for the inocula according to the fermented substrate, and the good regression equation to estimate some caecal fermentation parameters from faeces suggest that, after standardisation, the faeces could be used as an alternative inoculum for gas tests in rabbit.

Xylose 발효효모의 분리 및 성질 (Isolation and Identification of Xylose fermenting Yeast)

  • 김남순;서정훈
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.505-509
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    • 1988
  • Xylose 발효효모를 토양에서 분리하였으며 (X-6-41) 이는 Lodder씨 분류기준에 따라 Candida 속으로 동정되었다. 삼각플라스크 정치배양법에 의한 xylose 발효시 2% xylose, N원 asparagine, pH 4에서 발효율 약 80%로 나타났고 Mini-Jar for mentor를 이용하여 glucose와 xylose를 1 : 1로 혼합한 총당 5% 기질에서 발효를 시켜 본 바 발효율은 총당에 대해 약 72.3%(alcohol 2.3%(v/v)였다. 본 균주에 의한 xylose 발효는 일반적으로 보고된 바와 같이 호기적 발효과정이였으며 glucose와 xylose 혼합기질의 경우 glucose가 먼저 이용되고 xylose가 나중에 이용되는 것으로 나타났다. 5% xylose를 기질로 하여 Mini-Jar fermentor에서 발효시켰을 때 최대 발효율 69%(alcohol 2.2%(v/v)로 나타났으며 발효중에 xylitol이 생성되었다.

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혼합 젖산균을 이용한 밀가루 용액의 반복 유가식 발효 (Repeated Fed-Batch Fermentation of Wheat Flour Solution by Mixed Lactic Acid Bacteria)

  • 김상용;노봉수;오덕근
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.343-347
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    • 1997
  • Lactobacillus brevis, L. fermentum과 L. plantarum의 혼합젖산균을 사용하여 배양조건이 밀가루 용액의 발효에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 온도변화에 따른 pH와 총적정산도의 변화를 살펴본 결과 pH의 감소와 총적정산도의 증가가 가장 크게 나타난 $35^{\circ}C$를 밀가루 발효의 최적온도로 선정하였다. 5L발효조에서 질소가스를 1.0 vvm으로 첨가한 혐기적 조건보다 공기를 첨가한 호기적 조건에서 총적정산도의 증가와 pH의 감소가 더 크게 나타났다. 최적 산소공급 조건을 찾기 위하여 통기량을 1.0 vvm으로 고정하고 교반속도를 달리하여 밀가루 용액의 발효한 결과 총적정산도가 가장 크게 나타난 교반속도 250 rpm에 해당되는 산소 전달속도상수 $60\;hr^{-1}$에서 최적이었다. 선정된 최적 배양조건에서 밀가루 발효액의 생산성을 높이기 위하여 반복비율을 변화시키면서 pH-stat를 이용한 반복 유가식 배양을 수행하였다. 반복비율이 증가할수록 반복 간격시간은 증가하였으나 밀가루 발효의 최대 작동시간은 감소하였다. 최적 반복비율을 결정하기 위하여 단위시간 당 배양부피 당 생산된 밀가루 발효액의 부피와 최대가동시간 동안 배양부피 당 생산된 총 밀가루 발효액의 부피를 살펴본 결과 20%의 반복비율에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 혼합젖산균을 이용한 밀가루용액의 유가식 배양에서 최적조건은 배양온도 $35^{\circ}C$, 통기량 1.0 vvm, 산소전달속도 $60\;hr^{-1}$, 반복비율 20%로 나타났다.

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환원제 첨가가 쌀당화액의 Bifidobacterium발효에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Reducing Agents on Bifidobacterium Fermentation of Saccharified Rice Solution)

  • 이주연;목철균;박종현;장학길
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.230-235
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    • 1999
  • This study was intended to develop a new rice product by the fermentation of saccharified rice solution using Bifidobacterium and to select an appropriate reducing agent to provide the anaerobic condition for the growth of Bifidobacterium during fermentation. The enhancement of the growth of Bifidobacterium in saccharified rice solution was achieved by the treatment of reducing agents such as ascorbic acid and cysteine. The physical and chemical properties of the fermented product were evaluated, and the effect of the reducing agents were compared between ascorbic acid and cysteine. The fermented product with the addition of ascorbic acid shows the lower pH and the higher titratable acidity comparing the product with the addition of cysteine. This indicated that ascorbic acid was more appropriate reducing agent than cysteine for the fermentation of the saccharified rice solution. The number of viable Bifidobacterium in the fermented product with the addition of ascorbic acid(2.2$\times$108~3.4$\times$108CFU/ml) was greater than that with the addition of cysteine (8$\times$107~2.8$\times$108CFU/ml). Ascorbic acid supplement also contributed better sensory properties, such as flavor, taste and overall acceptibility than cysteine supplement did.

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Succinic Acid Production by Continuous Fermentation Process Using Mannheimia succiniciproducens LPK7

  • Oh, In-Jae;Lee, Hye-Won;Park, Chul-Hwan;Lee, Sang-Yup;Lee, Jin-Won
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.908-912
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    • 2008
  • To achieve a higher succinic acid productivity and evaluate the industrial applicability, this study used Mannheimia succiniciproducens LPK7 (knock-out: ldhA, pflB, pta-ackA), which was recently designed to enhance the productivity of succinic acid and reduce by-product secretion. Anaerobic continuous fermentation of Mannheimia succiniciproducens LPK7 was carried out at different glucose feed concentrations and dilution rates. After extensive fermentation experiments, a succinic acid yield and productivity of 0.38 mol/mol and 1.77 g/l/h, respectively, were achieved with a glucose feed concentration of 18.0 g/l and $0.2\;h^{-1}$ dilution rate. A similar amount of succinic acid production was also produced in batch culture experiments. Therefore, these optimal conditions can be industrially applied for the continuous production of succinic acid. To examine the quantitative balance of the metabolism, a flux distribution analysis was also performed using the metabolic network model of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.

The Influences of Addition of Sugar with or without L. buchneri on Fermentation and Aerobic Stability of Whole Crop Maize Silage Ensiled under Anaerobic Silos

  • Guan, Wu-tai;Driehuis, F.;van. Wikselaar, P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제15권8호
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    • pp.1128-1133
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    • 2002
  • The whole plant of crop maize was chopped and ensiled in airtight 1-L capacity glass jars to determine the influence of residual sugar on anaerobic yeast growth and on the fermentation of lactic acid by L. buchneri in whole crop maize silage. There were a total of six treatments used in this experiment as follow: added 25 g de-mineralised water per kg chopped maize serving as control (con), 37.5 g glucose solution containing 12.5 g glucose ($g_1$), 75 g glucose solution containing 25 g glucose ($g_2$), 25 g L. buchneri suspension intended for $10^6$ cfu $g^{-1}$ (L.b.), $g_1+L.b.$ and $g_2+L.b.$ All silos were stored in the dark at $20^{\circ}C$ until end of experiment. Jars were opened on duplicates at day 2, 7, 14, 28, 56 or triplicates at day 91 after ensiling for measuring the pH, microbiological enumeration and fermentative products. Results indicated that acidification rates for all silages were very fast, no difference occurred among treatments before day 28. After day 28 the pH values for silages inoculated by L. buchneri. with or without sugar tended to increase especially for treated only with L. buchneri, resulting in higher (p<0.01) finial pH than uninoculated silages. Compared with control silage, the added sugar significantly (p<0.01) increased dry matter (DM) loss, L. buchneri enhanced (p<0.01) DM loss further at different sugar existence. Silages inoculated by L. buchneri only or in combination with sugar addition contained less (p<0.01) lactic acid than the correspondent silages without inoculation with L. buchneri. In comparison with control, ethanol production is about 3 or 6 fold higher due to addition 12.5 or 25 g glucose per kg chopped maize at ensiling. The added sugar resulted in less acetic acid concentration (p<0.01) than control, but inoculation with L. buchneri increased (p<0.01) acetic acid than correspondent uninoculated silages at different sugar levels. No butyric acid and propionic acid were found in uninoculted silages, silages inoculated with L. buchneri. produced more propionic acid, 1-propanol and butyric acid. Lactobacilli counts were not influenced by added sugar, but increased (p<0.01) with inoculation of L. buchneri. The added sugar increased significantly (p<0.01) the yeast count, whereas L. buchneri showed the contrary effect. No differences were found in the aerobic stability among all treatments. In conclusions, 1) the added sugars encourage the growth of yeast and yeasts convert extra sugar into ethanol in maize silages. 2) The added sugars and L. buchneri do not influence the aerobic stability of silages stored in anaerobic silos.

폐지를 이용한 혐기성 산 발효 및 메탄발효 특성 (Anaerobic Acid and Methane Fermentation using Paper Wastes)

  • 조건형;김중곤;김성준;김시욱
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.318-323
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 셀룰로오스 성분의 분해가 용이하지 않은 폐지 를 이용하여 유기산 및 메탄으로 전환시킬 수 있는지의 여부 에 대하여 연구하였다. 유기산 생성 회분식 실험에서 초기 건조중량 15 g의 폐신문지와 종이박스를 음식페기불 산 발 효액과 1 1로 혼합하여 주입하였을 때 생성된 유기산의 총량은 신문지와 종이박스가 각각 2461과 4978 mg/L로 나 타났다. 메 탄발효 회분식 반응에서 초기 건조중량 15 g의 신 문지와 종이박스 폐지를 주입하였을 때 24일 후 tCOD 제거 율은 각각 60.9와 62.4%를 나타내었고 생산된 바이오 가스양 은 각각 6.95와 6.43 L이었다. 총 고형불 (TS)의 변화는 신문 지와 종이박스가 각각 34.8 과 33.4% 정도 감소함을 알 수 있었고, 휘발성 고형물 (VS)의 변화는 신문지와 종이박스가 각각 40.0 과 39.2% 정도 감소함올 알 수 있다 pH는 20일 이후부터 7.5로 일정하게 유지되어 메탄발효가 적절히 진행 되는 것으로 확인되었다. 반 연속식 실혐의 경우 산 발효조 에서 2일, 메탄 발효조에서 12일간 체류하변서 신문지와 종 이박스의 tCOD 제거 효율은 각각 64.7과 65.0%를 나타냈다. 각각의 일일 바이오 가스 생산량은 g당 0.31과 0.30 L로 나 타났으며 바이오 가스 중 메탄함량은 57.3과 56.2%로 나타났 다. 공정의 안정화가 이루어졌다고 판단되는 25일 이후의 pH 는 혐기성 산 발효조와 메탄 발효조에서 각각 5.0과 7.5로 일 정하게 나타났다

수소발효의 유기성 폐수 분해 특성 (Characteristics of Organic Wastewater Degradation on Hydrogen Fermentation)

  • 이영준
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2000
  • 연속형 혐기성처리 반응조에서 배양된 수소발생 슬러지를 이용하여 증온 조건에서 회분식 혐기성 처리방법으로 유기성 폐수로부터 전환되는 수소가스 및 대사산물들에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 수소발생에 대한 기질로는 sucrose를 이용하였다. 처리과정에서 발생된 누적수소가스, 휘발성지방산(VFAs) 및 solvents는 Gompertz equation을 이용한 비선형회귀분석을 통하여 계산하였다. 처리과정 중 수소가스는 반응초기에 발생하였고, 발생된 가스내 수소가스가 차지하는 비율은 약 20%이었다. 반응 전과정에서 메탄가스는 발생하지 않았다. 비수소가스발생율은 sucrose 농도가 40 g/l일 때 0.956 ml/g VSs/h이었으며, sucrose 농도가 300g/l의 경우는 0.011 ml/g VSS/h이었다. 수소가 발생하는 기간 동안 VFAs의 생성은 acetate, butyrate의 순으로 높게 생성되었으나, propionate로의 전환은 발견되지 않았다. solvents의 경우 butanol이 가장 높게 발생하였다.

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