• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.09a
• /
• pp.51-52
• /
• 2006

[ $Ti_{45}Zr_{38}Ni_{17}$ ] powders were thermally sprayed onto mild steel substrates in air and under a reduced pressure of argon. Several oxides were formed after thermally-spraying the mechanically-alloyed powders in air. After spraying in a reduced pressure of argon, the coating layers obtained from the gently mixed powders consisted of the elemental metals, but an amorphous phase primarily appeared in the thermally-sprayed mechanically-alloyed powders, which transformed into the icosahedral quasicrystal phase and a minor $Ti_2Ni-type$ crystal phase after annealing at 828 K. The Vickers hardness and the contact angle with pure water for the quasicrystal layers were about 7 GPa and $92^{\circ}$ respectively.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.142-147
• /
• 2010

Nano-sized $BaNd_2Ti_5O_{14}$ powders were prepared by the spray pyrolysis process. Sucrose used as the organic additive enabled the formation of nano-sized $BaNd_2Ti_5O_{14}$ powders. The powders prepared from the spray solution without sucrose had a spherical shape, dense structure and micron size before and after calcination. However, the precursor powders prepared from the spray solution with sucrose had a large size, and hollow and porous morphology. The precursor powders had an amorphous crystal structure because of the short residence time of the powders inside the hot wall reactor. The complete decomposition of sucrose did not occur inside the hot wall reactor. Therefore, the precursor powders obtained from the spray solution with sucrose of 0.5M had a carbon content of 39.2wt.%. The powders obtained from the spray solution with sucrose of 0.5M had a slightly aggregated structure of nano-sized primary powders of $BaNd_2Ti_5O_{14}$ crystalline phase after calcination at $1000^{\circ}C$. The calcined powders turned into nano-sized $BaNd_2Ti_5O_{14}$ powders after milling. The mean size of the $BaNd_2Ti_5O_{14}$ powders was 125 nm.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2016

10 wt.% and 20 wt.%$Li-TiO_2$ composite powders are synthesized by a sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and $Li_2CO_3$ as precursors. The as-received amorphous 10 wt.%$Li-TiO_2$ composite powders crystallize into the anatase-type crystal structure upon calcination at $450^{\circ}C$, which then changes to the rutile phase at $750^{\circ}C$. The asreceived 20 wt%$Li-TiO_2$ composite powders, on the other hand, crystallize into the anatase-type structure. As the calcination temperature increases, the anatase $TiO_2$ phase gets transformed to the $LiTiO_2$ phase. The peaks for the samples obtained after calcination at $900^{\circ}C$ mainly exhibit the $LiTiO_2$ and $Li_2TiO_3$ phases. For a comparison of the photocatalytic activity, 10 wt.% and 20 wt.% $Li-TiO_2$ composite powders calcined at $450^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$, and $750^{\circ}C$ are used. The 20 wt.%$Li-TiO_2$ composite powders calcined at $600^{\circ}C$ show excellent efficiency for the removal of methylorange.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1986

Pure submicron $SrTiO_3$ powders had been synthesized with chemical wet process that $5N-NH_4OH$ solution was sprayed into the mixed solution of $SrTiO_3$, $TiCl_4$ and $H_2O_2$ with $N_2$ carrier gas. The characteristic properties of powders obtained from this experiment were as follows. The optimum synthesis condition in reaction bath was above PH 8.5 and under $25^{\circ}C$ The particle size of precipitated SrTiO(OH) powders dried at 6$0^{\circ}C$ was under 0.01${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and uniform. Amorphous precipitated complex powders emitted adsorbed water at 15$0^{\circ}C$ less that and crystalline $SrTiO_3$powders was produced from calcining the complex at 30$0^{\circ}C$. Sintered body of SrTiO3 fired at 133$0^{\circ}C$ showed that relative dielectric constant was 228 at 1MHZ and bulk density was 4.73g/$cm^3$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.501-512
• /
• 1990

Al2O3 and 0.25wt% MgO-doped Al2O3 powders were made from the alcohol solution of Al(NO3)3.9H2O and Mg(NO3)2.6H2O by spray pyrolysis method. Each powder was prepared at 900 and 100$0^{\circ}C$. Powders prepared at 90$0^{\circ}C$ were amorphous phase, but prepared at 100$0^{\circ}C$ wre mainly ${\gamma}$-Al2O3 crystalline form. Particle size of the MgO-doped Al2O3 powders was in the range of 0.2-2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, but undooped powders shwoed comparatively wider range of particle size. All the powders prepared at 900 and 100$0^{\circ}C$ were transformed to $\alpha$-Al2O3 crystalline form by calcination at 110$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hr. Each powder was sintered at 1600, 1650 and 1$700^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs. MgO-doped Al2O3 body sintering at 1$650^{\circ}C$ showed 99% of relative density but undooped Al2O3 showed 95% of relative density, even sintered at higher temperature of 1$700^{\circ}C$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2005

Gallium nitride (GaN) powders and nanowires were prepared by using tris(N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamato)gallium(III) (Ga(DmDTC)$_3$) and tris(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamato)gallium(III) (Ga(DeDTC)$_3$) as new precursors. The GaN powders were obtained by reaction of the complexes with ammonia in the temperature ranging from 500 to 1100 ${^{\circ}C}$. The process of conversion of the complexes to GaN was monitored by their weight loss, XRD, and $^{71}$Ga magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Most likely the complexes decompose to $\gamma$ -Ga$_2$S$_3$ and then turn into GaN via amorphous gallium thionitrides (GaS$_x$N$_y$). The reactivity of Ga(DmDTC)$_3$ with ammonia was a little higher than that of Ga(DeDTC)$_3$. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of asprepared GaN powders exhibited the band-edge emission of GaN at 363 nm. GaN nanowires were obtained by nitridation of as-ground $\gamma$ -Ga$_2$S$_3$ powders to GaN powders, followed by sublimation without using templates or catalysts.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2001

Mechanical alloying technique was applied to prepare hard magnetic $Sm_2Fe_{17}N_x$ compound powders. Staring from pure Fe and Sm powders, the formation process of hard magnetic $Sm_2Fe_{17}N_x$ phase by mechanical alloying and subsequent solid state reaction was studied. As milled powders were found to consist of Sm-Fe amorphous and $\alpha$-Fe phases in all compositions of $Sm_xFe_{100-x}$(x = 11, 13, 15, 17). The effects of starting composition on the formation of $Sm_2Fe_{17}$ intermetallic compound was investigated by heat treatment of mechanically-alloyed powders. When Sm content was 15 at.％, heat-treated powders consisted of nearly $Sm_2Fe_{17}$ single phase. For preparation of hard magnetic $Sm_2Fe_{17}N_x$ powders, additional nitriding treatment was performed under $N_2$ gas flow at 45$0^{\circ}C$. The increase in the coercivity and remanence was proportional to the nitrogen content which increased drastically at first and then increased gradually as the nitriding time was extended to 3 hours.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.659-665
• /
• 2015

The self-propagating high temperature synthesis approach was applied to synthesize amorphous boron nano-powders in argon atmospheres. For this purpose, we investigated the characteristics of a thermally induced combustion wave in the $B_2O_3+{\alpha}Mg$ system(${\alpha}=1.0-8.0$) in an argon atmospheres. In this study, the exothermic nature of the $B_2O_3-Mg$ reaction was investigated using thermodynamic calculations. Experimental study was conducted based on the calculation data and the SHS products consisting of crystalline boron and other compounds were obtained starting with a different initial molar ratio of Mg. It was found that the $B_2O_3$ and Mg reaction system produced a high combustion temperature with a rapid combustion reaction. In order to regulate the combustion reaction, NaCl, $Na_2B_4O_7$ and $H_3BO_3$ additives were investigated as diluents. In an experimental study, it was found that all diluents effectively stabilized the reaction regime. The final product of the $B_2O_3+{\alpha}Mg$ system with 0.5 mole $Na_2B_4O_7$ was identified to be amorphous boron nano-powders(< 100 nm).

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.158-163
• /
• 1997

Properties of $Al_{86}Ni_6Ce_4Mg_4$ alloy powder produced by helium gas atomization process were investigated by using DSC, XRD, SEM and TEM. The powders below 32 ${\mu}m$ in diameter were identified as an amorphous phase mixed with a ${\alpha}-Al$ phase. $Al_{86}Ni_6Ce_4Mg_4$ bulk alloy was manufactured by hot extruding the alloy powders at various temperatures, and the estimation of its mechanical properties was carried out subsequently. As a result, the bulk alloy extruded at the temperature below $450^{\circ}C$ exhibited the microstructure in which the near-spherical shape of some powders below 20 ${\mu}m$ were nearly unchanged and fine voids between matrix and powders were formed during extrusion process. On the other hand, the tensile strength and elongation at room temperature for $Al_{86}Ni_6Ce_4Mg_4$ bulk alloy extruded at $450^{\circ}C$ were 750 MPa and 7.5%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.46 no.10
• /
• pp.634-645
• /
• 2008

In this study, surface composites were fabricated with Fe-based amorphous alloy powders and VC powders by high-energy electron beam irradiation, and the correlation of their microstructure with hardness and fracture toughness was investigated. Mixture of Fe-based metamorphic powders and VC powders were deposited on a plain carbon steel substrate, and then electron beam was irradiated on these powders without flux to fabricate surface composites. The composite layers of 1.3~1.8 mm in thickness were homogeneously formed without defects and contained a large amount (up to 47 vol.%) of hard $Cr_2B$ and $V_8C_7$ crystalline particles precipitated in the solidification cell region and austenite matrix, respectively. The hardness of the surface composites was directly influenced by hard $Cr_2B$ and $V_8C_7$ particles, and thus was about 2 to 4 times greater than that of the steel substrate. Observation of the microfracture process and measurement of fracture toughness of the surface composites indicated that the fracture toughness increased with increasing additional volume fraction of $V_8C_7$ particles because $V_8C_7$ particles effectively played a role in blocking the crack propagation along the solidification cell region heavily populated with $Cr_2B$ particles. Particularly in the surface composite fabricated with Fe-based metamorphic powders and 30 % of VC powders, the hardness and fracture toughness were twice higher than those of the surface composite fabricated without mixing of VC powders.