• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ammonium sulfate

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Changes of Tomato Growth and Soil Chemical Properties as Affected by Soil pH and Nitrogen Fertilizers (토양 pH와 질소 관비 비종에 따른 토마토 생육 및 토양화학성 변화)

  • Kang, Yun-Im;Roh, Mi-Young;Kwon, Joon-Kook;Park, Kyoung-Sub;Cho, Myeong-Whan;Lee, Si-Young;Lee, In-Bok;Kang, Nam-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.328-335
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to determine effects of soil pH and form of nitrogen fertilizers on tomato growth and chemical properties of greenhouse soil using ferigation system. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Superdoterang) were grown for three months in 18 L pots filled with two soil (pH 6.8 and pH 8.7). 4 different nitrogen fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and potassium nitrate) were fertigated with different concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 100 mg N/L during tomato cultivation. Soil pH 8.7 decreased yield and chlorophyll fluorescence compared with soil pH 6.8. Yield at soil pH 8.7 increased by ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertigation. Soil pH 6.8 induced increment of yield by nitrogen concentration than form of nitrogen fertilizers. Soil pH after cultivation of tomato decreased by application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. Soil EC by 100 mg N/L application of ammonium sulfate was twice as much as other fertilizers. Form of nitrogen fertilizer had less effect on concentration of soil $NH_4^+$-N and $NO_3^-$-N in soil but the concentrations slightly reduced at pH 8.7. These results indicate that application of urea and ammonium nitrate for a nitrogen source of fertigation has little affects on soil chemical properties before and after tomato cultivation.

The Effects of Nitrogen Type and Fertilized Depth on Leaching and Absorption of Nitrogen in Paddy Soil and Growth and Yields of Rice (질소비료(窒素肥料)의 형태(形態)와 시용심도(施用深度)가 질소(窒素)의 용탈흡수(溶脫吸收) 및 수도(水滔) 생육수량(生育收量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Maeng, D.W.;Cho, C.Y.;Lee, D.S.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.43-60
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    • 1968
  • In order to find the effects of nitrogen type (ammonium sulfate and urea fertilizer) and fertilized depth, (0~10cm, 0cm, 5~10cm, 10~15cm, 15~20cm, and 20cm below) on leaching and absorption of nitrogen in paddy soil, and growth and yields of rice, the pot culture experiment was carried out, using the variety Jaekun, one of the Korean leading variety. Experimental results were Summarized as follows: 1. No variations of the pH of percolating water were induced by the differences of nitrogen types and their fertilized depth (Table. 2). 2. The leaching of nitrogen was less in ammonium sulfate and top soil fertilizing plots than in urea and subsoil fertilizing plot, and the growth of rice in early stage was more promoted in ammonium sulfate and topsoil fertilizing plots (Table. 1, 7 and 8). 3. Leachng of nitrogen through the percolating water almost came to an end at the most numerous tiller stage (Table 1). 4. The absorption of nitrogen of each part of the rice plant in the harvesting stage correlated closely with the yields of each part (Table 5, 6, 9 and 10) and the leaching of nitrogen in the early stage was inversely proportion to the absorption of nitrogen of rice plant in the harvesting time (Table 1, 5, 6, 9 and 10). 5. The number of spikes was more numerous in ammonium sulfate plots than in urea plots on an average, so that the yields were higher in the ammonium sulfate plots than in urea plots although no differences in the grain number per spike were found in above two plots. The number of spikes was more numerous in topsoil fertilizing plots than in subsoil fertilizing plots, but the grain number per spike was less in former than in latter, so that no difference in yields was found. The absorption of nitrogen correlated closely with the yields in complete paddy grains (Table 5, 9, and 10). 6. At the ammonium sulfate fertilizing plots, the number of spikes was more numerous in topsoil fertilizing plots than in subsoil fertilizing plots, (among the each of the topsoil plots, 0~10cm and 5~10cm fertilizing plots kept more spikes than the 0cm fertilizing plots), but the grain number per spike was less in former than in latter (among the each of topsoil plots, no differences were found), so that no significant difference in yields was showed between the topsoil and subsoil fertilizing plots, but the results showed the tendency that the yields were highest in 0~10cm plots and the lowest in 20cm below plots. At the urea fertilizing plots, the number of spikes decreased in proportion to the increasing of fertilized depth, but no variations were found in the grain number per spike, so that the yields decreased in proportion to the increasing of fertilized depth. The absorption of nitrogen correlated closely with the yields in complete paddy grains (Table 5, 6, 9, and 10). 7. When fertilized in topsoil, the number of spikes was more numerous in ammonium sulfate plot than in urea plot, but the grain number per spike variated reversely, so that no differences were found in the yields between the ammonium sulfate and the urea plots, when fertilized in subsoil, both the number of spikes and the grain number per spike were larger in ammonium sulfate than in urea plot, so that the yields were also higher in ammonium sulfate plots (Table 5, 6, 9 and 10). 8. The weight of straw and its nitrogen absorption were higher in ammonium sulfate plot than in urea plot and decreased in proportion to the increasing of fertilized depth. Among the each of topsoil fertilizing plots, the 0~10cm and the 5~10cm fertilizing plots excelled the 0cm plot (Table 5, 6, 9 and 10). 9. No significant variations in the fertilizer treatments were found in the characters of heading date, maturing date, length of culm, length of spike, weight of empty grain, 1,000 grain weight, and one liter weight.

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Combustive Characteristics of Pinus Rigida Treated with Ammonium Salts (암모늄염으로 처리된 리기다 소나무의 연소특성)

  • Chung, Yeong-Jin;Jin, Eui
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.115-121
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    • 2010
  • This study was performed to test the combustive properties of Pinus rigida-based materials by the treatment of ammonium salts. Pinus rigida plate was soaked in three 20 wt% ammonium salt solutions such as ammonium sulfate (AMSF), monoammonium phosphate (MAPP), and diammonium phosphate (DAPP), respectively, at the room temperature. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). Comparing with virgin pinus rigida plate, specimens treated with the ammonium salts had lower combustive properties and It is supposed that the combustion-retardation properties improved due to the treated ammonium salts in the virgin Pinus rigida. Also, the specimens with treated ammonium salts showed both the lower peak heat release rate (PHRR) and lower total heat release (THR) than those of virgin plate.

Characterization of yeast cell wall lytic enzyme from Fusarium moniliforme (Fusarium moniliforme이 생산하는 효모세포벽 분해효소의 특성)

  • 장판식;박관화;이계호
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.467-471
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    • 1986
  • Yeast cell wall lytic enzyme was purified from Fusarium moniliforme by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel column chromatography. The lytic activity was found to consist of three enzyme activities which were resolved on Sephadex G-100. The first peak on chromatogram exhibited proteolytic, lytic and laminarinase activities, and the second had both lytic and laminarinase activities, whereas the third peak was shown to contain lytic activity only. Three enzyme activities showed the synergistic effect and reducing agents accelerated the yeast roil wall lysis. This indicates that lytic, proteolytic and laminarinase activity acted cooperatively in the lysis of intact cells. Tannic acid precipitate of crude enzyme constituted of three enzyme activities had a high lytic activity on viable yeast cell and has proved useful in yeast protoplast formation.

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Hydrolytic Stability of Cured Urea-Melamine-Formaldehyde Resins Depending on Hydrolysis Conditions and Hardener Types

  • Park, Byung-Dae;Lee, Sang-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.672-681
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    • 2015
  • As a part of abating the formaldehyde emission of amino resin-bonded wood-based composite panels, this study was conducted to investigate hydrolytic stability of urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) resin depending on various hydrolysis conditions and hardener types. Commercial UMF resin was cured and ground into a powdered form, and then hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid. After the acid hydrolysis, the concentration of liberated formaldehyde in the hydrolyzed solution and mass loss of the cured UMF resins were determined to compare their hydrolytic stability. The hydrolysis of cured UMF resin increased with an increase in the acid concentration, time, and temperature and with a decrease in the smaller particle size. An optimum hydrolysis condition for the cured UMF resins was determined as $50^{\circ}C$, 90 minutes, 1.0 M hydrochloric acid and $250{\mu}m$ particle size. Hydrolysis of the UMF resin cured with different hardener types showed different degrees of the hydrolytic stability of cured UMF resins with a descending order of aluminum sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfate. The hydrolytic stability also decreased as the addition level of ammonium chloride increased. These results indicated that hardener types and level also had an impact on the hydrolytic stability of cured UMF resins.

Bottleneck Behavior of $^1H$ NMR Spin-lattice Relaxation in Ammonium Sulfate

  • Hong, Kwan-Soo;Yu, In-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.132-141
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    • 2002
  • $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxations have been investigated in ammonium sulfate $((NH_4)_2SO_4)$ power at temperatures ranging form 102 K to 440 K. There is a bottleneck in the spin-lattice relaxation between the nuclear spin system and the hindered rotation of ammonium ions, which is certified by measuring the relaxation according to the initial condition of the spin system. For temperatures below 318 K the $^1H$ spin-lattice relaxations have double-exponential behaviors with the exponent, n, having a value 2>n>1 initially and n=l after a long time. Above 318 K not only is the relaxation exponential initially with exponent n=1, but it is a single-exponential over the entire time, resulting in one $T_1$ value. The two types of $NH_4^+$ ions have different activation energies for hindered rotation, $E_a^1=0.27{\pm}0.02eV$ and $E_a^11=0.12{\pm}0.0eV$, in the ferroelectric phase.

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A Study on Industrial Preparation Method of Ammonium Sulfate by Non-catalytic Oxidation (無觸媒酸化에 依한 黃酸암모늄의 工業的 製法에 關한 硏究)

  • Chung, Ki-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.76-90
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    • 1966
  • Ammonium sulfate synthesized by the air oxidation methods without catalyst using the reaction vessel which was fitted with fritted glass at the bottom of it and introducing, through the bottom, ammonia and air with constant flow rates to sulfurous acid solution of constant concentrations at the given temperatures. The experiment showed that the oxidation process was accelerated in accord with the increase of the air flow rates when the ammonia flow rate was constantly kept at ca. 100ml/min. in high temperatures. When the pH of the solution reached 9.0, the oxidation was nearly completed. It is assumed that in the process of reaction, $[O_{2}{\to}HSO_{3}^-]^{\neq}$ would be produced as an activated complex and the reaction was thought to be first order. The experiment indicated that the 0.5M sulfurous solution could be oxidized up to 98.54% at the flow rates of ammonia and air, 100ml/min., and 4l/min., respectively at $50^{\circ}C$.

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FARTIAL PURIFICATION OF AMYLASE FROM HUMAN MIXED SALIVA [I] (타액 Amylase의 부분 정제[I])

  • Choi, Geun-Bae;Han, Su-Bu;Lee, Hae-Cheol;Myoung, Gwang-Sik;Chung, Tae-Yeong
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
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    • v.10 no.12
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    • pp.803-807
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    • 1972
  • 사람타액의 Amylase 부분 정제를 위하여 각 %의 Ammonium Sulfate 포화획분을 얻은 다음 Calcium phosphate gel로 처리하고 각 농도의 Na₂HPO₄로 유출시킨 일차실험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Ammonium Sulfate 포화획분중 50-70% 포화획분의 Amylase활성이 가장 높았다. 2. Amylase 비활성은 0.02M Na₂HPO₄로 유출한 획분에서 가장 높았다.

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Isolation and cultural condition of Monascus sp. YH-69 for the Production of the Pigments (Monascus sp. YH-69의 분리동정과 색소의 생산)

  • 유춘발;진영호
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 1998
  • The mold YH-69 producing pigments was isolated from soil, and identified as Monascus sp.. For the production of the pigments from the mold, the best condition was observed with 6% rice powder with 200 mesh, 0.2% yeast extract, 0.3% ammonium sulfate, and 0.02% ZnSO4 at pH 5 and 30$\circ$ for 6 day with reciprocal shaking.

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Purification of $\beta$-Galactosidase from Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. YS-309 (호알카리성 Bacillus sp. YS-309로부터 $\beta$-Galactosidase의 정제)

  • 유주현;윤성식
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.587-592
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    • 1989
  • A strain of alkalophilic Bacillus sp. YS-309 capable of producing large amount of $\beta$-galactosidase has been isolated from soil sample. Intracellular $\beta$-galactosidase was purified 6.9 folds by procedures including ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel-filtration, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography with over-all yield of 17.8%. The molecular weight of native enzyme was 205, 000 by HPLC, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the enzyme consisted of 4 identical subunits with a molecular weight of 56, 000.

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