• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ammonia gas

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A Study on Ammonia Reforming Catalyst and Reactor Design for 10 kW Class Ammonia-Hydrogen Dual-Fuel Engine (10 kW 급 암모니아-수소 혼소엔진을 위한 암모니아 개질 촉매 및 반응기 설계에 관한 연구)

  • LEE, SANGHO;CHOI, YOUNG;PARK, CHEOLWOONG;KIM, HONGSUK;LEE, YOUNG DUK;KIM, YOUNG SANG
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.372-379
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    • 2020
  • Ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine is a way to reduce greenhouse gas emission because ammonia and hydrogen are carbon-free fuels. In ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine, hydrogen is supplied to improve the combustion characteristic of ammonia. In this study, an ammonia reformer was developed to supply hydrogen for 10 kW class ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel engine. Thermodynamic characteristic and catalyst were investigated for ammonia reforming. Heat transfer was important for high ammonia conversion of ammonia reformer. 99% of ammonia conversion was obtained when 10 LPM of ammonia and 610℃ of hot gas were supplied to the ammonia reformer.

Study of Toxic Gas Removal Characteristics by Chemical Analysis of Essential Oil using SPME Method (SPME법을 이용한 식물정유 성분분석을 통한 유해가스 제거 특성연구)

  • 박영규
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.231-235
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    • 2004
  • This paper was investigated to clarify the possibility of ammonia gas removal by essential oil. First of all, the chemical analysis was peformed to analyze the composition of an essential oil by GC-MS. The monoterpenes in an essential oil react with ammonia by neutralization and their reaction mechanism was elucidated. Based on their chemical neutralized reaction, the removal efficiencies of ammonia gas were studied to derive the optimal conditions in the scrubber tower such as optimal temperature and pH. The experimental result shows that the removal efficiency of ammonia gas was achieved over 98 % by the misty aerosol dispersion of scrubber tower.

A Case of Lung Injury Caused by Ammonia-Gas Inhalation (암모니아 가스 흡입에 의한 폐 합병증 1예)

  • Lee, Jong-Deog;Sin, Won-Ho;Kim, Kuen-Yong;Lee, Won-Ju;Choi, Jin-Hak;Whang, Young-Sil
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.70-73
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    • 1991
  • We have experienced a case of lung injury caused by accidental inhalation of ammonia gas in a 34 year-old-man. By the explosion of ammonia tank in a refrigerator boat he inhaled ammonia gas. Several minutes later, he suffered from severe dyspnea and visual loss. On arrival at emergency room, analysis of arterial blood gas revealed severe hypoxemia and his chest film showed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Under the impression of adult respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilator was applied to the patient. After recovery from ARDS and tracheal edema, he complained of some hemoptysis and productive sputum during the admission. So we checked bronchoscopy and bronchograpy which showed tracheal bullae just above carina and tubular bronchiectatic change in the right lower lobe. We report a case of lung injuries-ARDS, tracheal bullae, and bronchiectasis-caused by inhalation of ammonia gas with the review of the relevant literatures.

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Ammonia Wastewater Treatment and Selective Recovery Using a Sweep Gas-Vacuum Hybrid Type Membrane Degassing Process (스윕 가스-진공 하이브리드식 탈기막 공정을 활용한 암모니아 폐수처리 및 선택적 회수)

  • Hongsik Yoon;Taijin Min;Minkyu Jeon;Sungil Lim;Sechul Oh;Kyungha Ryu;Chungsung Lee;Bosik Kang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.26 no.6_2
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    • pp.1171-1181
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    • 2023
  • In this study, a sweep gas - vacuum hybrid type membrane degassing process was proposed for ammonia wastewater treatment. In addition, the ammonia selective recovery of the hybrid type membrane degassing process was also investigated. As a result, the hybrid type membrane degassing process showed better degassing performance (54.9 mg NH3/m2min for 360 min) than the sweep gas type (32.3 mg NH3/m2min) or vacuum type (22 mg NH3/m2min). Additionally, the hybrid type membrane degassing process showed an excellent ammonia selectivity (103 times compared to Na+ Na+, 133 times compared to Ca2+). The ammonia selectivity was appeared to be due to the conversion characteristics of ammonium ion / dissolved ammonia depending on pH. The results in this study are expected to be used in the development of ammonia wastewater treatment and ammonia recovery in the future.

Carbon Nanotube Synthesis with High Purity by Introducing of NH3 Etching Gas (암모니아 식각 가스 도입에 의한 고순도 탄소나노튜브의 합성)

  • Lee, Sunwoo;Lee, Boong-Joo
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.62 no.6
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    • pp.782-785
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    • 2013
  • Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized on Ni catalyst using thermal chemical vapor deposition. By introducing ammonia gas during the CNT synthesis process, clean and vertically aligned CNTs without impurities could be prepared. As the ammonia gas increased a partial pressure of hydrogen in the mixed gas during the CNT synthesis process, we could control the CNT synthesis rate appropriately. As the ammonia gas has an etching ability, amorphous carbon species covering the catalyst particles were effectively removed. Therefore catalyst particles could maintain their catalytic state actively during the synthesis process. Finally, we could obtain clean and vertically aligned CNTs by introducing $NH_3$ gas during the CNT synthesis process.

A Study on Synthetic Method and Material Analysis of Calcium Ammine Chloride as Ammonia Transport Materials for Solid SCR (Solid SCR용 암모니아 저장물질인 Calcium Ammine Chloride의 합성방법 및 물질분석 연구)

  • Shin, Jong Kook;Yoon, Cheon Seog;Kim, Hongsuk
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.199-207
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    • 2015
  • Solid materials of ammonia sources with SCR have been considered for the application of lean NOx reduction in automobile industry, to overcome complex problems of liquid urea based SCR. These solid materials produce ammonia gas directly with proper heating and can be packaged by compact size, because of high volumetric ammonia density. Among ammonium salts and metal ammine chlorides, calcium ammine chloride was focused on this paper due to low decomposition temperature. In order to make calcium ammine chloride in lab-scale, simple reactor and glove box was designed and built with ammonium gas tank, regulator, and sensors. Basic test conditions of charging ammonia gas to anhydrous calcium chloride are chosen from equilibrium vapor pressure by Van't Hoff plot based on thermodynamic properties of materials. Synthetic method of calcium ammine chloride were studied for different durations, temperatures, and pressures with proper ammonia gas charged, as a respect of ammonia gas adsorption rate(%) from simple weight calculations which were confirmed by IC. Also, lab-made calcium ammine chloride were analyzed by TGA and DSC to clarify decomposition step in the equations of chemical reaction. To understand material characteristics for lab-made calcium ammine chloride, DA, XRD and FT-IR analysis were performed with published data of literature. From analytical results, water content in lab-made calcium ammine chloride can be discovered and new test procedures of water removal were proposed.

Change of Ammonia Consumption with Gas Turbine Output in DeNOx System for a 580 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant (580 MW급 복합발전소 탈질설비에서 가스터빈 출력에 따른 암모니아 소모량 변화)

  • Jang, Yong-Woo;Yoo, Ho-Seon
    • Plant Journal
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 2019
  • In this study, ammonia consumption by gas turbine output was adjusted to find out the amount of ammonia consumption that complies with the enhanced Air Quality Preservation Act and internal regulation emission standards in SCR type DeNOx System for a 580 MW Sejong Combined Cycle Power Plant. For measurements, the gas turbine output was varied to 50, 99, 149, 198 MW and ammonia consumption was adjusted with the combustion gas and ammonia supply conditions fixed at each stage. When the emission limit were change from 10 ppm to 8 ppm, ammonia consumption was increased from 78, 93, 105, 133 kg/h to 89, 113, 132, 176 kg/h. The increase rate of ammonia consumption was 14, 22, 26, 32% per output category compared to the 10 ppm emission limit, which was shown to increase as output increased.

Estimation of influening factors for efficient anaerobic digestion of high strength ammonia-nitrogen wastewater (고농도 암모니아성 질소 폐수의 효과적인 혐기성 처리를 위한 영향 인자 평가)

  • Park, Seyong;Park, Junghoon;Na, Hoysung;Kim, Moonil
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.649-658
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the influencing factors for efficient anaerobic digestion of high strength ammonia-nitrogen wastewater removal were investigated by testing biochemical methane potential test. In the influencing factors, the trace metals which could increase activity of anaerobic microorganisms, microbial concentration and types were evaluated. In the results, trace metals supplementation showed gas production amount higher than those without addition of trace metals. Among the tested trace metals, B, Ni, and Se were preferable to gas production. In the result of gas production according to the microbial concentration, the amount of gas production was proportional to the microbial concentration. In addition, the shortest lag time and the fastest gas production rate were achieved when the highest microbial concentration was tested. granule-type microorganism produced more gas than suspended-type microorganism. In conclusion, the efficient anaerobic digestion for high strength ammonia-nitrogen wastewater removal could be achieved by applying necessary trace metals injection and high concentration granule type microorganism.

Measures to Prevent Recurrence through the Analysis of an Explosion Case at Ammonia Refrigeration Facilities (암모니아 냉동시설의 폭발사례 분석을 통한 재발방지대책)

  • Ryu, Young-Jo;Lee, Min-Kyung;Lee, Su-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we found that the release and dispersion of ammonia can create hazardous atmospheres using FLACS software. In General, ventilation or gas detector installations are recommended as preventive measures to control explosion incidents. However, the ventilation installations cannot be applicable to the refrigeration facility that uses ammonia as refrigerating medium, because the freezing room should be sealed. From the accident investigation of the explosion case, we suggested that all electronic devices were needed to be switched by explosion proof devices, and communication facility was also needed to be installed to announce to all employees within a building in case alert condition like ammonia releases occurred.

Study on Ammonia Emission Characteristic of Pig Slurry (양돈 슬러리의 암모니아 발생 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee S.H.;Yun N.K.;Lee K.W.;Lee I.B.;Kim T.I.;Chang J.T.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2006
  • Ammonia emission from swine production process originates from three major sources: manure storage facility, swine housing, and land application of manure. Most of the ammonia gas that are emitted from swine production operations is the by-product of aerobic or anaerobic decomposition of swine waste by microorganism. Knowing the ammonia emission rate is necessary to understand how management practices or alternative manure handling process could reduce impacts of this emission on the environment and neighbors. Ammonia gas emission from pig slurry is very difficult to predict because it is affected by many factors including wind speed of slurry surface, temperature or pH of the swine slurry, sort breed differences and classes, and diets. This study was carried out to effects of pH and temperature on ammonia gas emission from growing-finishing pig slurry. Treated far slurry in this study were pH and temperature. Results showed that pH of slurry variable changes 5, 6, 7, 8 upon an addition of NaOH and $HNO_3$, respectively. The temperature of the slurry which was contained in a water bath maintained at increasing levels ranging from 10 to $35^{\circ}C$. Ammonia emission rate of influenced pH and temperature such that the increase in pH or temperature resulted to an increase in ammonia emission. The ammonia gas was not detected at pH 5 and 6. Moreover, at a slurry of pH 8, the ammonia ranged from 28 to 60ppm and 8-29 ppm at slurry pH of 7 while temperature was 13 to $33^{\circ}C$. When slurry pH was>6, the ammonia emission was significantly increased according to rise in temperature in contrast to acid treatment of the pH. There was also a significantly increase in ammonia emission relative to slurry pH of 7 to 8. The above findings showed that to effectively reduce ammonia emission from slurry of growing-finishing pigs, the pH and temperature should be maintained a low levels.

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