• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.273-277
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• 2006

Purpose : The prevalence of Reye syndrome has decreased since late 1980's. But we report that recently there were concentrative attacks of Reye syndrome after acute enteritis during the neonatal period. Methods : Clinical symptoms and laboratory results(quantitative organic acid analysis, routine chemistry, arterial blood gas analysis, serum ammonia) of seven patients admitted at the Samsung Medical Center, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Wonju Christian Hospital and Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, referred from Jan. 2005 to Apr. 2005, were analysed retrospectively. The major clinical symptoms were derived from the patients' clinical records sended with urine samples and quantification of organic acids were done with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results : The mean age of seven cases is 18 days and the major preceding symptoms were gastrointestinal symptoms(vomiting, diarrhea, refusal to feeding). The major clinical symptoms were clouded conciousness, repiratory difficulty, vomiting, seizures, and diarrhea. One patient died; that patient's serum ammonia was twenty times higher than normal. Conclusion : The seven patients were neonates. Reye syndrome has been known to be closely related with upper respiratory infections as a preceding disease and to internal use of aspirin, but in our study, the major preceding disease of the seven cases was gastrointestinal infection and none of these used aspirin.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.981-988
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• 2004

An Experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Natufermen$^{(R)}$;(Aspergillus oryzae) supplementation on the performance, ammonia gas production, microbial population in manure and serum IgG in pigs. Forty eight cross bred(YLD) weanling pigs(35d old) were assigned to 4 treatments; Control(C), $C^+$ Natufermen 0.1%, $C^+$ Natufermen 0.2% $C^+$natufermen 0.3% for 6 week feeding trial. Each treatment had 4 replications of 3 pigs each. Natufermen$^{(R)}$ supplemented treatments tended to increase ADG and ADFI, but there were no significant differences among treatments. Supplementation of Natufermen$^{(R)}$ at the level of 0.2% improved ADFI/ADG(P<0.05). Ammonia gas production from manure was not significantly affected by treatments. All Natufermen$^{(R)}$ treatments increased in DM, crude ash and phosphorus digestibility(P<0.05). Serum IgG decreased as supplemention level of Natufermen$^{(R)}$ increased(P<0.05). Supplemtation of Natufermen$^{(R)}$ at 0.1% and 0.2% increased fecal Lactobacilli population at 3 wks after feeding treated diets(P<0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of Aspergillers oryzae product Natufermen$^{(R)}$ improved feed conversion ratio and digestibility of DM, crud ash and phosphours. Fecal ammonia gas production was not significantly affected but serum IgG level was decreased and CFU of fecal Lactobacilli was increased at 3 wks after feeding Natufermen$^{(R)}$ supplemented diets.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplemental Enviro on noxious gas of environmental controlled poultry house and performance of broiler chicks. Diets contained 21.5, 19.00 CP and 3,100, 3,200 kcal/kg ME, respectively for starting and finishing period. Enviro were supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3% in Expt. 1 and 2, respectively. $CO_{2}$ and ammonia gas were periodically detected for finsihing period in Expt. 1. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion(FC) were measured for five weeks in Expt. 2. ND antibody titer were also measured after primary and booster vaccination at two and three weeks old. Blood cholesterol and nutrients digestibility were In Expt. 1, ammonia and $CO_{2}$ gas of chicks fed 0.2% Enviro showed 32.8ppm and 1,719ppm in poultry house and significantly decrease compared to that of control(P〈0.05). $CO_{2}$ gas was 1,814ppm in 0.4% Enviro treatments and also significantly lower than control(P〈0.05), but tended to be increased compared to that of 0.2% Enviro treatments, In Expt. 2, weight gain of chicks fed 0.1 and 0.2% Enviro was significantly increased for starting period(P〈0.05), but was not statistically different for finishing period. Feed intake was no significantly different of all treatments. Chicks showed lower FC in 0.3% Enviro treatment for starting period(P〈0.05) than others, but was not for finishing period. ND AB titer of chicks fed Enviro was prone to be higher than control, but was not significantly different. Total blood cholesterol was not significantly different of all treatments, but tended to be high in 0.1 and 0.2% Enviro treatments. HDL of chicks fed those levels showed significantly higher than control(P〈0.05), whereas LDL was tended to be decreased in those treatments. The digestibilites of crude protein and fiber were improved in 0.1 and 0.2% Enviro treatments relative to those of control, but was not statistically different. However, crude ash digestibility was significantly improved in 0.1 and 0.2% Enviro treatments(P〈0.05). Chicks also showed AMEn in 0.1, 0.2% Enviro treatments, but was no significance. The results of these experiments indicated that 0.1% Enviro supplement would be maximize the performance of broiler chicks.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 1982

Filters were evaluated to use in the collection of ammonia and ammonium salts in the atmosphere. Ammonia from standard gas generator was collected on a glass fiber filter impregnated with a mixture of 3% boric acid and 25% glycerin. The collection efficiency by the impregnated filter was 96.4${\pm}$2.15% in pH control method and 97.4${\pm}$1.06% in the atmosphere for five measurements, respectively. Adsorption and desorption of gaseous ammonia were compared using three commercially available filters; glass fiber, quartz fiber and polycarbonate filters. Both glass and quartz fiber filters indicated some loss of ammonium salts and adsorption of ammonia, respectively. However, polycarbonate filter was found to be satisfactory for the collection of ammonium salts in the atmosphere. The minimum measurable concentration of ammonia was 0.83ppb (ca. 0.63${\mu}g$/$m^3$) by spectrophotometry of the indophenol method for the sample collected by 47mm${\phi}$ filter(20l/min, 60min). The sensitivity of the present method is about 20 folds higher than that of conventional method of bubbler collection followed by spectrophotometry, so that this method makes it possible to measure thevariation of ammoniacal concentrations in the atmosphere for a short time period of about 60 min.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 1999

MOCVD TiN films were prepared from a new TiN precursor, tetrakis(etylmethylamino)titanium (TEMAT) and ammonia. Deposition of TiN films from a single precursor, TEMA T yielded the growth rates of $70 to 1050\AA$/min, depending on the deposition temperature. Furthermore, the excellent bottom coverage of -90% over $0.35\mu\textrm{m}$ contacts was obtained at $275^{\circ}C$. The addition of ammonia to TEMA T lowered the resistivity of as- deposited TiN film to ~ $800\mu\omega-cm$ from $3500~6000\mu\omega-cm$ and improved the stability of TiN film in air. Examination of the films by Auger electron spectroscopy(AES) showed that the oxygen and carbon contents decreased with the addition of ammonia. However, increasing ammonia flow rate decreased the bottom coverage of TiN films over $0.5\mu\textrm{m}$ contacts, probably due to the high sticking coefficient of intermediate species produced from the gas phase reaction of TEMA T and ammonia. Based on the byproduct gases detected by the quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), the transammination reaction was proposed to be responsible for TiN deposition. In addition, XPS analysis revealed that the carbon in the films made from TEMA T and ammonia was metallic carbon, suggesting that $\beta$-hydrogen activation process occurs competitively with the transammination reaction.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2021

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is widely used as a method of removing nitrogen oxide in large-capacity thermal power generation systems. Uniform mixing of the injected ammonia and the inlet flue gas is very important to the performance of the denitrification reduction process in the catalyst bed. In the present study, a computational analysis technique was applied to the ammonia injection system design process of a denitrification facility. The applied model is the denitrification facility of an 800 MW class coal-fired power plant currently in operation. The flow field to be solved ranges from the inlet of the ammonia injection system to the end of the catalyst bed. The flow was analyzed in the two-dimensional domain assuming incompressible. The steady-state turbulent flow was solved with the commercial software named ANSYS-Fluent. The nozzle arrangement gap and injection flow rate in the ammonia injection system were chosen as the design parameters. A total of four (4) cases were simulated and compared. The root mean square of the NH3/NO molar ratio at the inlet of the catalyst layer was chosen as the optimization parameter and the design of the experiment was used as the base of the optimization algorithm. The case where the nozzle pitch and flow rate were adjusted at the same time was the best in terms of flow uniformity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.352-353
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• 2000

악취물질은 산업의 발전과 경제성장에 따른 생활수준의 향상으로 인하여 급격히 늘어나는 대기오염 물질 중의 하나로, 악취문제는 인간의 오감을 통해서 느끼는 감각공해의 대표적인 물질이다. 악취물질의 대표적인 성분인 암모니아는 무색의 자극성이 매우 크고 부식성이 있는 알칼리 기체로 1 ppm 정도에서 감지되어 다른 악취물질보다 감지되는 농도가 높다. 또한 그 배출원이 화학공장 등의 산업시설 뿐만 아니라 양돈, 양계장 등에서도 배출되어 우리 주위에서 쉽게 감지할 수 있는 물질이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.96-98
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• 2000

암모니아는 대기 중에서 가장 대표적으로 존재하는 염기성 미량기체로서 SOx나 NOx와 같은 산성기체와 반응하여 대기중 산성도를 중화시키고 2차적 에어로졸을 생성한다. 암모니아가스는 이 반응에 의하여 에어로졸 내에서는 암모늄 이온(${NH_4}^{+}$)으로 존재하게 된다. 산성기체를 중화시킨다는 입장에서 염생성 반응은 산성기체의 제거 기작이 될 수 있으나 이 때 생성된 에어로졸은 주로 PM2.5 이하의 2차적 에어로졸로 존재하여 호흡기장애, 건물 부식, 시정 감소 등의 피해를 주는 오염물질이 된다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.101-102
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• 2000

반도체 생산에서 암모니아는 정밀성을 요구하는 공정 특히, 광증폭 공정에서 산과 반응하여 불량을 일으키는 주 원인이며, 고메모리로 갈수록 청정도 기준이 엄격해져서 1 ppbv 이하의 농도를 검출할 수 있는 기술이 요구되고 있다. 현재 반도체 회사에서의 암모니아 분석은 임핀저를 이용하여 가스를 포집한 후 이온크로마토그래피로 분석 하고 있으나, 이는 많은 시간과 인력이 요구되며, 실시간 분석이 어렵기 때문에 반도체 클린룸의 관리에 어려움이 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.321-326
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• 2002

축산업의 규모가 커짐에 따라 가축분뇨의 발생이 집중화되고 있으며 이 축산폐기물은 올바르게 처리하지 않을 경우 대기 및 수질환경의 오염원이 될 수 있다. 축산농가에서는 분뇨처리의 문제가 가축사육의 중요한 부분으로 대두되고 있다. 가축분뇨를 퇴비화 처리하는 과정에서 발생하는 암모니아가스는 악취의 주요성분을 이루고 있을 뿐만 아니라 퇴비 내에 존재하는 질소성분을 밖으로 유출하는 결과를 초래한다. 따라서 퇴비화하는 과정에서 악취발생의 저감과 또한 발생된 악취의 탈취는 퇴비 내에 포함되어 있는 질소 비료성분의 유출을 방지하고 작업장의 불쾌감과 환경오염을 방지한다는 측면에서 매우 중요한 과제이다. (중략)