• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.178-181
• /
• 2004

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is used extensively in the plastic industry and has been known as an environmental hormone (endocrine disruptor). Present study was undertaken to examine whether DBP can induce oxidative stress in mice. In this study, oxidative stress was measured in terms of the modification of lipid peroxidation and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (${\gamma}-GT$) activity. The activity of ${\gamma}-GT$, the level of lipid peroxidation and serum toxicity index were measured in male ICR mice after treatment with DBP (5 g/kg, po). Administration of DBP was found to significantly increase the level of lipid peroxidation approximately 2 fold in liver. The activity of ${\gamma}-GT$ in the liver of DBP-exposed animals was also increased approximately 2.5 fold. However, DBP did not alter the parameters for hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine. These results indicate that DBP can induce oxidative stress in mice. The ${\gamma}-GT$ activity is considered to be increased as one of the adaptive defense mechanisms to oxidative stress induced by DBP.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2006

Purpose: With remarkable increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increased, The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of the increase liver enzymes, lipid levels and fasting blood glucose level in normal and obese children. Methods: A total of 2206 elementary students were grouped according to obesity index; normal group and obesity group(mild, moderate, severe). Aspartate aminotransferase(AST, SGOT) and alanine aminotrausferase(ALT, SGPT) were measured with tota1 cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose. Results: Compared with the 2.7% of ALT > 50 IU/L in normal group, obese groups showed significantly higher prevalence; 6.7% in mild obesity group, 11.8% in moderate group and 15.0% in severe group. The prevalence of hypertriglyceremia was 12,4% in normal weight group, which is significantly lower than obesity group(mild obesity group 24.8%, moderate and severe 32.1% each). Conclusion: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver increased along with severity of obesity. Of Nutritional assessment, intervention, and preferably prevention are necessary for health promotion elementary students.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2010

To examine the effect of Codium fragile on blood cholesterol and lipid metabolism, hyperlipidemia was induced in experimental animal rats through the administration of a hypercholesterolemic diet. Codium fragile powder was then administered to the rats for 5 weeks, after which, blood biochemical changes such as blood cholesterol, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST: serum SGOT) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT: serum SGPT) enzyme activity, etc. were determined. And histological changes in liver cells were examined using an electron microscope. Codium fragile treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the levels of total cholesterol, blood triglyceride and low-density cholesterol (LDL. Chol) compared to the control rats. In contrast the expression levels of high-density cholesterol (HDL. chol.) were increased. The AST value of the Codium fragile administration group was significantly reduced and the blood ALT value of the Codium fragile group showed a significant decrease in comparison to the negative control group. In summary, this study demonstrated the beneficial possibilities of Codium fragile in improving the abnormality of lipid metabolism caused by liver cell damage and hyperlipidemia.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.231-235
• /
• 2004

This study was investigated the effects of the lower power He-Ne IR laser treatment on the changes of blood biochemical components in the rat liver damaged by the carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). The twenty one Sprague-Dawley adult male rats weights (260±18.6 g) were designed to the three groups: one control group and two experimental groups, the experimental groups were divided into the CCl₄-treated groups and the laser therapy group (CCl₄+ Laser). The experimental groups were injected twice with CCl₄(1.0 ml/kg body weight) intraperitoneal for two days. Each group was sacrificed after two weeks irradiated with the lower power He-Ne IR laser for ten minutes per every day. The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the concentration of serum glucose treated with He-Ne IR laser groups was significantly decreased to the conrtol (treated with carbon CCl₄) group. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was decreased in the laser group but not significantly, the concentration of the serum cholesterol in the laser group was significantly increased comparing with the control and case control groups. In conclusion, the effect of the lower power He-Ne IR laser treatment is believed to be a possible protective effects for CCl₄ induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.157-170
• /
• 1991

Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropln(${\gamma}$BST) on hematologie and blood chemical values were investigated in twenty-five multiparous Holstein dairy cows. Recombinant BST was administered by two different routes ; intramusculary(12.5mg and 25mg/day) and subcutaneously(500mg and 750mg) in sustained-release vehicle every 2 weeks beginning 4 weeks postpartum and continuing for 7 months. Whole blood and serum samples were collected 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 months after beginning of treatments from control and ${\gamma}$BST-administered groups. Hematologic values including RBC, PCV, HB, MCH, MCHC, WBC and differential counts of treatment groups receiving ${\gamma}$BST were similiar to those of control group. Blood chemical values observed were total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, glucose, cholesterol, Ca, Pi, Ca/pi ratio, total bilirubin, creatinine, BUN, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. There were no significant differences in blood chemical values of cows administered with ${\gamma}$BST from those of control. Although some blood chemical values were fluctuated at a certain observation period, they were remained within the normal physiological ranges. It is concluded from the observations of these experiments that the dose and dosage froms of ${\gamma}$BST employed in this work might not affect hematologic and blood chemical values in dairy cows under the normal sanitary condition and adequate nutritional balance.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.451-455
• /
• 2008

Body weights and blood biochemical values in chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV)-HI, a Korean isolate, were studied. REV-HI causes severe body weight depression in chickens inoculated but not in chicken contact-infected. Body weights of infected chickens in 3, 4, and 5 weeks after infection were 78%, 76% and 65% of those of control respectively. Blood glucose levels in REVinfected chickens were extremely high compared with those in control (226 $\geq$ 21 vs. 814 $\geq$91.3 mg/dl in week 2) during the experiment period. Triglyceride levels in REV-infected chickens were significantly higher in week 2 and 3, whereas in week 4, REV-infected chickens showed significantly lower levels than the control. Blood lipase, amylase and alkaline phosphatase levels of REV-infected chickens in week 2 were significantly higher, whereas cholesterol, magnesium and calcium values in week 4 were significantly lower than the control. Other blood biochemical values such as alkaline aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase were nonsignificantly different from the control. These above results suggest that weight depression by REV may be related with increase of blood glucose, which indicated that REV-infected chickens could not use blood glucose as energy source.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2002

An enzymatic reaction for the production of D-alanine from D-aspartic acid and pyruvate as substrates by a thermostable D-amino acid aminotransferase (D-AAT) was investigated at various conditions In the temperature range of 40-70$\^{C}$ and pH range of 6.0-9.5. The D-AAT was produced with recombinant E. coli BL21, which hosted the chimeric plasmid pTLK2 harboring the D-AAT from the novel thermophilic Bacillus sp. LK-2. The enzyme reaction was shown to follow the Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism. The K$\_$m/ values for D-aspartic acid and pyruvate were 4.38 mar and 0.72 mM, respectively. It was observed that competitive inhibition by D-alanine, the product of this reaction, was evident with the inhibition constant K$\_$i/ value of 0.1 mM. A unique feature of this reaction scheme is that the decorboxylation of oxaloacetic acid, one of the products, spontaneously produces pyruvate. Therefore, only a catalytic amount of pyruvate is necessary for the enzyme conversion reaction to proceed. A typical time-course kinetic study skewed that D-alanine up to 88 mM could be produced from 100 mM of D-aspartic acid with a molar yield of 1.0.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.344-348
• /
• 2001

Isoflurane and enflurane are currently used on orthognathic surgery in Korea. Since starting to use enflurane and isoflurane in orthognathic surgery, we have questioned their effect on liver function. Many studies have reported liver function after enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. Although both enflurane and isoflurane are less hepatotoxic than halothane, some cases of liver dysfunction have been reported after enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. And, we know that isoflurane is less hepatotoxic than its predecessors, enflurane. But, fulminant liver failure and necrosis were also reported after isoflurane anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to compare immediate liver function in healthy orthognathic surgical patients receiving enflurane or isoflurane anesthesia. To assess the effect of enflurane and isoflurane on liver function, we measured pre-and post-operative serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), total bilirubin(Tbil).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.629-635
• /
• 1995

Obese children have increaed in Korean in recent years as socieconomic status have got more higher than past years. Obese children have many health problems and some kinds of complications. Obese patients who have fatty liver with abnormal liver function should be managed with weight control. This study was intended to investigate the effect of weight control on hepatic abnormalities of obese children with fatty liver. We managed 6 obese children who had fatty liver with abnormal liver finction for weight control containing behavior modification, diet and exercise during 3 months. After 3 months, we compared body weight, liver function test, dietary intake and exercise. Body mass index(BMI) showed significant decrease from 28.1$\pm$2.3kg/$m^2$ to 26.2$\pm$1.7kg/$m^2$ (p<0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase(AST) showed significant improvement from 56$\pm$15IU/l(p<0.01). Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) also showed significant improvement from 108$\pm$38IU/l to 33$\pm$9IU/l(p<0.01). Therefore if we can rule out the other causes of hepatic abnormalities in obese children with fatty liver, these patients showed benefit by weight control as it can improve both obesity and liver functions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.519-523
• /
• 2004

This study sought to investigate the ameliorating effects of a Korean medicinal herb (KMH) complex on the impacts of alcohol consumption in rat hepatocytes and in reducing the total cholesterol levels and the total lipid levels in the serum. We compared the body weight gain and ratio of the liver, the kidney to body weight, and also the serum biochemistry of the rats administered with both the alcohol and the KMH complex to the control rats treated with alcohol alone. The clinically important enzyme markers (Aspartate Aminotransferase, AST, and Alanine Aminotransferase, ALT) of rats, administered with both the alcohol and the KMH complex treatments, were compared with those in the control group. The treatment regimen (KMH complex) significantly reduced the serum AST and ALT levels, indicating the hepato-protective effects of the KMH complex. Furthermore, total cholesterol and total lipid levels were significantly reduced. These results indicate that the KMH complex may positively mediate the effects of alcohol on hepatocytes and the general liver functions.