• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.375-380
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• 1986

전분질원으로서 밀가루와 찹쌀을 단용(A: 전량 밀가루 사용, D: 전량 찹쌀 사용) 또는 혼용(B : 밀가루 75%, 찹쌀 25%, C : 밀가루와 찹쌀을 각각 50% 사용)하여 담금한 고추장의 성분을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 숙성 과정중 조단백질과 아미노태의 질소 함량 은 대체적으로 4, 3, C, D구의 순으로 높았고, ethyl alcohol은 D, C, B, A구의 순으로 높았다. pH는 A구에서 다소 높았으나 수분과 식염은 시험구간에 차이가 없었다. 90일숙성 고추장 중의 유리당은 glucose, fructose, maltose, rhamnose가 검출되었고, 이중 glucose는 양적으로 가장 많았다. 또한 glucose는 A구에서, fructose는 B구에서 각각 높았다. 숙성고추장의 알코올류로서 n-propyl, iso-butyl, iso-amyl alcohol이 검출되었으며, 이들 함량은 3.2mg% 이하로 시험구간에는 큰 차가 없었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2000

To proceed mass production and improve its quality, we fermented potatoes using pilot system and investigated the changes in components during fermentation. After liquefaction and saccharification of potatoes by Nuruk(group I), crude enzyme(group II) and glucoamylase(group III), sugar contents in all groups were 18brix equally. However sugar contents in group(II) and group(III) after 24hrs decreased deeply to 7.2 and 8.8 % respectively, after 24hrs. Alcohol content in group(I) increased slowly and was the highest such as 6.8% after 48hrs. Fusel oils in all groups were n-propanol, isobutanol and isoamylalcohol. The major fusel oil in all groups was isoamylalcohol. At the early stage of fermentation, free sugars were glucose, maltose and lactose. Glucose decreased deeply during fermentation and at latter of the fermentation, galactose was detected in all groups. The contents of total free amino acid were 516.57~569.98 mg% in group(I), 193.97~292.11 mg% in group (II) and 186.31~270.53 mg% in group(III). The contents of aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, and histidine were high in all groups.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

일산화 탄소를 이용한 enrichment 배양 방법을 통하여 흙으로부터 일산화탄소를 이용하여 성장 할 수 있는 세가지 종류 (JC1, JC2, HY1)의 호기성 Acinetobacter 들을 분리했다. 이세균들은 모두Gramdma성 세균들로 운동성이 없었으며, 지수성장기에는 간균의 형태를 나타내었으나 성장이 정지되었을 때에는 구균으로 변하였다. 이들은 페니실린에 대해 내성이 있었고 $42^{\circ}C$에서도 성장을 할 수 있었다. DNA의 G+C함량은 43%-44.5%이였고 모든 세균에서 oxidase의 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 이 세균들의 coloy들은 모두 둥글고 매끄러웠으며 연한 노란색을 띄었다. 이들은 또 여러가지 종류의 당이나 유기산, 아미노산. 알코올 등을 이용하여 생장할 수 있였다. JC1과 J JC2 벚 HY1이 30%의 일산화탄소를 이용하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 성장할 때의 doubling time은 각각 19시간. 25시간, 그리 고 35시간 이었다. JC1의 자가영양적 성장을 위한 최적조건은 pH가 6.8이였L 온도는 $42^{\circ}C$ 그리고 일산화탄소의 농도는 30%이였다. JC1 의 자가영양적 성장에는 몰리브데늄이 필요치 않았고, 또 이 세균은 100ppm의 CO만으로도 성장할 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1805-1812
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• 2012

찹쌀의 일부를 홍감자로 대체하여 고추장의 발효 중 이화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 고추장의 효모와 호기성 세균수는 발효 4주에 증가하였으며 그 이후에 효모수는 감소하였다. Amylase는 숙성 2~4주에 최고의 활성을 보였고 홍감자 첨가구에서 amylase의 활성이 높았다. 산성 protease 활성은 발효 중에 서서히 저하되었으나 중성 protease는 발효 4~8주에 높았다. 고추장은 물엿의 첨가로 발효 4주에 L값은 급격히 저하되나 a값은 증가되었다. 홍감자 첨가구에서 총당과 총질소 함량은 낮았으나 수분량은 많았다. 수분활성도는 발효중에 저하되나 홍감자 첨가구에서 높았고 산화환원전위는 발효 12주에 급격히 저하되었으며 홍감자 첨가구에서 낮았다. 고추장의 pH는 홍감자 첨가구에서 낮아 적정산도는 증가되었다. 고추장의 환원당과 알코올은 발효 후기에 홍감자 첨가구에서 많았다. 고추장의 아미노산성 질소와 암모니아성 질소는 발효 4~6주까지 증가하였고, 홍감자 첨가로 발효 후기에 아미노산성 질소는 감소하였다. 고추장의 맛은 홍감자 2% 첨가로 대조구에 비하여 양호하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 1977

Brownish discoloration develops very rapidly in the storage of dried oyster. This undesirable browning is mainly caused by the series of reactions of sugar-amino condensation, enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine and/or the oxidative rancidity of lipids in the tissue of oyster. Sulfites are commonly used as inhibitors for Maillard type browning reactions in agricultural products. The inhibitory effect of sulfite treatment on canned oysters was also confirmed in some investigations. The results suggested that sulfites not only work on blocking tile amadori rearrangement but also on the reduction of free tyrosine which retards the progress of enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine tyrosinase. In this paper, the effect of sodium sulfite treatment on the reduction of reducing sugar and free tyrosine as a function i)f browning inhibition in oyster was tested and other treatment with glucose-oxidase and yeast were also applied. In preparation of samples, fresh oysters were soaked in sodium sulfite solution by various concentration for different treating times, washed in running water to remove the sulfite residue, and finally dried in the shade. In the result, the treatment of sodium sulfite was certainly effective on the reduction of both free tyrosine and reducing sugars in fresh oyster. The best results were obtained by the treatment of 0.5M sodium sulfite solution for 60 minutes each for soaking and washing. Treatment with, glucose-oxidase and yeast solutions, however, did appear somewhat effective but it required so much time for a certain effect that it seemed not practically applicable.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to understand how regulatory mechanisms respond to sugar status for more efficient carbon utilization and source-sink regulation in plants. So, we need to identify and characterize many components of sugar-response pathways for a better understanding of sugar responses. For this end, genes responding change of sugar status were screened using Arabidpsis cDNA arrays, and confirmed thirty-six genes to be regulated by sucrose supply in detached leaves by RNA blot analysis. Eleven of them encoding proteins for amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were repressed by sugars. The remaining genes induced by sugar supply were for protein synthesis including ribosomal proteins and elongation factors. Among them, I focused on three hydrolase genes encoding putative $\beta$-galactosidase, $\beta$-xylosidase, and $\beta$-glucosidase that were transcriptionally induced in sugar starvation. Homology search indicated that these enzymes were involved in hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides. In addition to my results, recent transcriptome analysis suggested multiple genes for cell wall degradation were induced by sugar starvation. Thus, I hypothesized that enzyme for cell wall degradation were synthesized and secreted to hydrolyze cell wall polysaccharides producing carbon source under sugar-starved conditions. In fact, the enzymatic activities of these three enzymes increased in culture medium of Arabidopsis suspension cells under sugar starvation. The $\beta$-galactosidase encoded by At5g56870 was identified as a secretory protein in culture medium of suspension cells by mass spectrometry analysis. This protein was specifically detected under sugar-starved condition with a specific antibody. Induction of these genes was repressed in suspension cells grown with galactose, xylose and glucose as well as with sucrose. In planta, expression of the genes and protein accumulation were detected when photosynthesis was inhibited. Glycosyl hydrolase activity against galactan also increased during sugar starvation. Further, contents of cell wall polysaccharides especially pectin and hemicellulose were markedly decreased associating with sugar starvation in detached leaves. The amount of monosaccharide in pectin and hemicellulose in detached leaves decreased in response to sugar starvation. These results supported my idea that cell wall has one of function to supply carbon source in addition to determination of cell shape and physical support of plant bodies.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.133-137
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• 1995

우리나라의 남부지방의 대부분 농가에서 대량 생산되고 있으나 농가소득에는 기여하지 못하고 있는 떫은 감의 손쉬운 가공에 의한 대량 소비를 촉진시키기 위하여 감장아찌의 화학적 품질 특성을 규명하고 감장아찌 제조 및 유통과정에서의 품질과 관련된 미생물을 순수분리하여 동정함으로써 감장아찌의 품질관리에 기여코자 하였다. 제조된 감장아찌 완제품의 수분함량은 80.04%, 당질함량은 13.72%로 원료감과 큰 차이가 없었으나 조회분함량은 염액에 침지한 감장아찌의 특성때문에 원료감보다 훨씬 높은 4.26%였다. 수용성 탄닌함량은 81.04mg%로 635.45mg%인 원료감보다 크게 감소되었고 총 비타민 C는 23.76mg%로 약간 감소되었으며 유리당은 포도당, 과당, 자당의 순으로 함유되었다. 유리아미노산은 총 17종이 함유된 것으로 분석되었고 그 함량은 glutamic acid(24.97mg%), aspartic acid(24.02mg%), leucine(22.33mg%)의 순으로 높았으며 methionine이 2.42mg로 가장 낮았다. 감장아찌 제조와 관련된 미생물로는 세균 4균주와 효모 3균주가 각각 동정되었는데 동정된 Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. thuringiensis였고 효모는 Candida glabrata, C. guilliermondi and Hansenula였으며 진공포장하여 상품화한 감장아찌 완제품의 유통과정에서 포장의 부풀림과 감장아찌 맛의 변화를 일으키는 원인균은 효모인 Candida glabrata인 것으로 확인되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

The rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a state of elevated systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, is expected to cause future increases in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sugars produces reactive carbonyl species, which, due to their electrophilic nature, react with the nucleophilic sites of certain amino acids. This leads to formation of protein adducts such as advanced glycoxidation/lipoxidation end products (AGEs/ALEs), resulting in cellular dysfunction. Therefore, an effective reactive carbonyl species and AGEs/ALEs sequestering agent may be able to prevent such cellular dysfunction. There is accumulating evidence that histidine containing dipeptides such as carnosine (${\beta}$-alanyl-L-histidine) and anserine (${\beta}$-alanyl-methyl-L-histidine) detoxify cytotoxic reactive carbonyls by forming unreactive adducts and are able to reverse glycated protein. In this review, 1) reaction mechanism of oxidative stress and certain chronic diseases, 2) interrelation between oxidative stress and inflammation, 3) effective reactive carbonyl species and AGEs/ALEs sequestering actions of histidine-dipeptides and their metabolism, 4) effects of carnosinase encoding gene on the effectiveness of histidine-dipeptides, and 5) protective effects of histidine-dipeptides against progression of metabolic syndrome are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the potential beneficial effects of histidine-dipeptides against metabolic syndrome. Randomized controlled human studies may provide essential information regarding whether histidine-dipeptides attenuate metabolic syndrome in humans.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.872-877
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• 1997

Soybean curd whey(SCW) containing plenty of nutrients is the discarded by-product in soybean curd processing. To test the potential utilization of SCW as a medium for the cultivation of Lactobacilus acidophilus, the chemical composition of SCW, as well as the growth, acid production, acid-tolerance, and bile-tolerance of L. acidophilus in SCW-based media were investigated. Sucrose and stachyose, the main free sugars of SCW, were 0.42% and 0.41%, respectively. SCW contained 36.1mg/L of total free amino acids. L. acidophilus KFRI 150 showed lower cell growth and acid production in SCW than those in MRS broth. In optimized SCW-based medium supplemented with 1.0% glucose, 0.5% yeast extract, and 0.2% $K_{2}HPO_{4}$, the growth and acid production of L. acidophilus KFRI 150 increased by twice against those in SCW. In optimized SCW-based medium, the viable counts of four L. acidophilus strains were mostly at the level of $10^{9}$/ml, which is similar to those in MRS broth. Each acid-tolerance and biletolerance of four L. acidophilus strains cultured in optimized SCW-based medium and MRS broth showed no dist-inguishable difference.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1989

흙으로부터 에탄올을 이용하여 성장하는 분홍색 통성 에단올 자화세율을 분리하여 Methylobacteriu~η sp. strain SY 1이라 명명하였다. 이 세균은 그람음성세균으호 약간 굽은 간균이고 한쪽 끝에 달련 한개의 편모로 운동하였다. 세균의 군략은 매끈 하고 밝은 분홍맺을 띄우며 정성이 높았다. 이 세균이 지니는 DNA의 G+C 함량은 약 66%로 나타났다. 이 제균은 칠대호가 성으호 catalase와 oxidase 활성을 나타내었고, carotenoid 색소와 poly-$\beta$-hydroxy butyrate를 가지고 있었다. 이 세균은 또 한 세가지 종류의 큰 plasmid DNA (45,000, 38,500, 23,000)을 가졌으며, $30^{\circ}C$와 pH7.0에서 0.5%(v/v)의 에탄올을 이용 하여 빼른 성장을 하였다($t_{d}$=6.5시간), 이 세균은 메탄올은 울온 여러까지 종듀의 당, 유기산, 아미노산, 아민 및 알코올을 이용하여 성장할 수 있었고, 메탄올은 serine pathway를 통하여 이 세균의 세포 구성물질로 전환됨을 알 수 있었다.