• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.185-192
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• 1986

1983년 6월부터 1986년 6월까지 영남대학병원 임상검체에서 분리된 세균의 항생제 감수성시험 성적의 통계적 고찰을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Staphylococcus aureus는 cephalothin에 가장 감수성이 높았으며, methicillin에 대한 감수성은 점차 감소되었다. 2. enterococcus를 제외한 Streptococcus는 penicillin에 대체로 높은 감수성을 보였으며, enterococcus는 대부분 ampicillin에만 감수성을 나타내었다. 3. Escherichia coli를 비롯한 그람음성 간균은 전반적으로 amikacin과 tobramycin에 높은 감수성을 보였다. 4. Serratia는 다른 장내세균보다 감수성이 대체로 낮았으며 Serratia marcescens는 amikacin과 chloramphenicol에 가장 높은 감수성을 보였다. 5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa는 amikacin과 tobramycin에 가장 감수성이 높았으며, carbenicillin과 gentamyctn에도 중등도의 감수성을 보였다. 6. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus는 시험한 대부분의 항생제에 낮은 감수성을 보였으며, 1986년에 amikacin, tobramycin 및 gentamycin에 단지 30%정도의 감수성을 보였다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2013

Acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic, gram-negative and glucose-non-fermenting bacterium, which has emerged as a serious opportunistic pathogen. Many clinical microbiology laboratories use the Vitek 2 system for the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing process, including testing on A. baumannii isolates. However, in case of amikacin, it is now recommended to perform additional antimicrobial susceptibility testing for A. baumannii strains due to the relatively lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the Vitek 2 system compared to conventional reference methods. In our study, we assessed MIC for amikacin susceptibility testing of A. baumannii isolates in the Vitek 2 system, the agar dilution, Etest, and disk diffusion method. We collected 40 gentamicin-resistant, A. baumannii strains (amikacin MIC by Vitek 2:${\leq}2{\mu}g/mL$, 2 isolates; $4{\mu}g/mL$, 34 isolates; $8{\mu}g/mL$, 4 isolates) from a University hospital and compared the Vitek 2 system to other reference methods for testing susceptibility to amikacin. The Vitek 2 system showed major errors in all of the 40 isolates, yielding a low MIC. The results of our study strongly suggested that the Vitek 2 system was not a reliable method to test the MICs of gentamicin; ranging from ${\geq}16{\mu}g/mL$ for amikacin susceptibility. Other tests, such as agar dilution, Etest, or disk diffusion methods, should be paralleled to determine the MIC of amikacin in A. baumannii.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2011

Amikacin is a semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin and primarily active against aerobic Gram-negative-pathogens with limited activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Meager study was reported on pharmacokinetic data on multi-days administration of amikacin. Hence, pharmacokinetics study was done in five clinically healthy goats (n = 5), after intravenous bolus injection of amikacin sulfate at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight daily for three consecutive days. The amikacin concentrations in plasma and pharmacokinetics-parameters were analyzed by using microbiological assay technique and noncompartmental open-model, respectively. The mean peak plasma concentrations (Mean ${\pm}$ SD) of amikacin at time zero ($Cp^{0}$) was $114.19{\pm}20.78$ and $128.67{\pm}14.37{\mu}g/mL$, on day 1st and 3rd, respectively. The mean elimination half-life ($t_{1/2}ke$) was $1.00{\pm}0.28h$ on day 1st and $1.22{\pm}0.29h$ on day 3rd. Mean of area under concentration-time curve ($AUC_{0{\rightarrow}{\infty}}$) was $158.26{\pm}60.10$ and $159.70{\pm}22.74{\mu}g.h/mL$, on day 1st and 3rd respectively. The total body clearance ($Cl_{B}$) and volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) on day 1st and 3rd were $Cl_{B}=0.07{\pm}0.02$ and $0.06{\pm}0.01L/h.kg$ and $Vdss=0.10{\pm}0.03$ and $0.11{\pm}0.05L/kg$, respectively. No-significant difference was noted in both drug-plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics-parameters, respectively. Amikacin concentration in plasma was found higher up-to 4 h and 6 h onward on down-ward trends favour to reduce toxicity. Which also support the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic way of dosing of aminoglycosides and hence, amikacin may be administered 10 mg/kg intravenously daily to treat principally Gram-negative pathogens and limitedly Gram-positive-pathogens.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1982

In order to develop an analytical method for amikacin and butirosin in presence of their parent antibiotics, kanamycin A and ribostamycin, high-performance liquid chromatographic technique and microbioassay method were evaluated and compared. Using high performance liquid chromatography, two acylated antibiotics, amikacin and butirosin was partially separated from their parent antibiotics, to provide a qualitative analytical method. In microbioassay using Pseudomonas aeruginosa TI-13, a producer of aminoglycoside-3-phosphotransferase I, only acylated antibiotics were selectively analyzed when paper disc-susceptibility assay was used. The standard curve showed a good correlation between the response and odse in semilogarithmic plat with correlation coefficients above 0.96, and analytical deviation from expected dose was within 10%.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2019

The production of rmtB-encoded 16S rRNA methylases has emerged as a novel mechanism promoting high-level resistance toward aminoglycosides in Gram-negative bacteria. Between 2015 and 2017, 636 distinct commensal Escherichia (E.) coli isolates were collected from different farms in South Korea to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of rmtB. The positive rates of rmtB between all the isolates and amikacin-resistant isolates were 1.1 and 100%, respectively. High-level aminoglycoside resistance could be transferred by conjugation from rmtB-positive donors to higher amikacin-resistance efficacies. This is the first report of 16S rRNA methylase-encoding genes in E. coli isolated from food-producing animals in Korea.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.159-172
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• 2015

Treatment of polymicrobial infected musculoskeletal defects continues to be a challenge in orthopaedics. This research investigated single and dual-delivery of two antibiotics, vancomycin and amikacin, targeting different classes of microorganism from a biodegradable calcium sulfate-chitosan-nHA microsphere composite scaffold. The addition of chitosan-nHA was included to provide additional structure for cellular attachment and as a secondary drug-loading device. All scaffolds exhibited an initial burst of antibiotics, but groups containing chitosan reduced the burst for amikacin at 1hr by 50%, and vancomycin by 14-25% over the first 2 days. Extended elution was present in groups containing chitosan; amikacin was above MIC ($2-4{\mu}g/mL$, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) for 7-42 days and vancomycin was above MIC ($0.5-1{\mu}g/mL$ Staphylococcus aureus) for 42 days. The antibiotic activity of the eluates was tested against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The elution from the dual-loaded scaffold was most effective against S. aureus (bacteriostatic 34 days and bactericidal 27 days), compared to vancomycin-loaded scaffolds (bacteriostatic and bactericidal 14 days). The dual- and amikacin-loaded scaffolds were effective against P. aeruginosa, but eluates exhibited very short antibacterial properties; only 24 hours bacteriostatic and 1-5 hours bactericidal activity. For all groups, vancomycin recovery was near 100% whereas the amikacin recovery was 41%. In conclusion, in the presence of chitosan-nHA microspheres, the dual-antibiotic loaded scaffold was able to sustain an extended vancomycin elution longer than individually loaded scaffolds. The composite scaffold shows promise as a dual-drug delivery system for infected orthopaedic wounds and overcomes some deficits of other dual-delivery systems by extending the antibiotic release.

• Urogenital Tract Infection
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2018

Purpose: This retrospective study was undertaken to investigate whether increasing amikacin dosage for ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in patients with fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant rectal flora reduce infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUSPB). Materials and Methods: A total of 430 patients with FQ-resistant rectal flora based on rectal swab cultures were divided into two groups. Patients in both groups were administered ciprofloxacin (400 mg, intravenous [IV], twice daily) on the same day as TRUSPB and one day after biopsy. However, whereas group 1 patients (n=202) were administered a single injection of amikacin (1 g, IV) one hour before TRUSPB, patients in group 2 (n=228) were administered two injections of amikacin (1 g, IV) before one hour TRUSPB and again on the day after TRUSPB. Results: Of the 430 study subjects, 129 (30.0%) showed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positivity. The overall incidence rate of infectious complications was 2.8% (12/430). Infectious complication rates were 4.0% (8/202) in group 1 and 1.3% (3/228) in group 2 (p=0.075). Urinary tract infection and acute prostatitis were more frequent in group 1 (3.5% vs. 0.4%, p=0.029). Infectious complication rates in ESBL negative patients were 3.4% (5/145) in group 1 and 1.3% (2/156) in group 2, whereas those in ESBL positive patients were 7.0% (4/57) in group 1 and 1.4% (1/72) in group 2. Conclusions: Increasing the dosage of amikacin for ciprofloxacin prophylaxis reduce infectious complications in patients with FQ-resistant rectal flora and to be more effective in ESBL positive patients with FQ-resistant rectal flora.

• 발명특허
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• 제13권8호통권150호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1988

• 발명특허
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• 제11권4호통권122호
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• pp.64-65
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• 1986

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2010

2003년부터 2009년까지 서울 지역 동물병원에 의뢰된 세균성 요로 감염증 개의 병소에서 세균의 분리빈도와 항생제 감수성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 세균성 요로 감염증 개의 뇨에서 Escherchia coli 27주, Streptoococcus spp. 7주, Staphylococcus spp. 5주, Enterobacter spp. 3주, Proteus spp. 2주, 그리고 기타 세균 3주, 총 47주의 세균이 분리되었다. 이 중 분리 빈도가 높은 E. coli, Streptoococcus spp. 및 Staphylococcus spp.를 대상으로 항생제 감수성을 조사하였다. E. coli의 항생제 감수성은 imimpenem, polymyxin B, amikacin, cephalosporins, aztreonam, amoxicillin clavulate, cephalosporins, tricarcillin, amoxicillin clavulate 순으로 나타난 반면 bacitracin, erythromycin, lincomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, novobiocin 등에 대해서는 높은 내성을 나타내었다. Streptoococcus spp.의 항생제 감수성은 bacitracin, imimpenem, trimethoprime-sulfa 순이었고 amikacin, cefotaxim, cefoxitin, cloxacillin, gentamicin, lincomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin, tobramycin에는 매우 높은 내성을 나타내었다. Staphylococcus spp.의 항생제 감수성은 cefoxitin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, imimpenem, tobramycin에 매우 높았고 aztreonam, tetracycline에 내성을 나타내었다.