• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.410-415
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to observe the antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of kochujang added with sea tangle and deep sea water salts (SDK) and kochujang added with sea tangle (SK) using the Ames test and SRB assay, respectively. The direct antimutagenic effect of SDK and SK methanol extracts were examined by Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In the Ames test, methanol extract of SDK and SK alone did not exhibit mutagenicity and most of the samples showed high antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Methanol extract of SDK ($200{\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 71.4% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain; whereas 56.1% and 83.6% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenensis induced by 4NQO and MNNG against TA100 strain. The cytotoxic effects of SDK and SK increased with increasing sample concentration against human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS), and human lung carcinoma (A549). The SDK at the concentration of 1 mg/ml showed cytotoxicities of 61.5%, 61.3%, 51.4%, 57.9% and 77.7% against HeLa, Hep3B, MCF-7, AGS and A549, respectively. In contrast 1 mg/ml treatment of SDK and SK methanol extract had only $2{\sim}38%$ cytotoxicity on human transformed primary embryonal kidney cell (293).

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 1998

The antimutagenic activity of a methanol extract of Ecklonia stolonifera (Laminariaceae) against aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$ was demonstrated with the Salmonella typhimurium assay. The numbers of revertants per plate decreased significantly when this extract was added to the assay system using S. Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The methanol extract also exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the micronuclei formation in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes and the DNA damage in mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MMU) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). The MeOH extract was then sequentially partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble intermediate, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. All fractions possessed antimutagenic activity but the $H_2O$ fraction was inactive. Among active fractions, the EtOAc and $CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble intermediate fractions showed the highest activity. Column chromatography using $SiO_2$ and Sephadex LH-20 yielded phloroglucinol from the EtOAc fraction. Phloroglucinol also demonstrated significant antimutagenic activity, and inhibitory effects on the micronuclei formation in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes and DNA damage in mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by MMU and B(a)P.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.888-896
• /
• 2012

Considering the dearth of information regarding the medicinal properties of Luffa cylindrica, we assessed the antioxidative, antimutagenic and hyperplasia inhibitory activity of cancer cells from Luffa cylindrica extracts by employing biological and biochemical assays. Ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica inhibited MDA-BSA (malondialdehyde-bovine serum albumin) conjugation reaction ($66.38{\pm}2.65$), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical production ($60.13{\pm}0.42$) and lipid peroxidation ($56.04{\pm}3.24$). In this study, Luffa cylindrica is believed to exert possible antioxidative effects. The direct and indirect antimutagenic effects of the ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica were examined by the Ames test using Salmonella typimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibitory effects on indirect and direct mutagenicity shows an weak tendency, particularly in direct mutagenicity mediated by 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella typimurium TA98 ($5.82{\pm}5.74$) and in indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-anthramine in Salmonella typimurium TA100 ($5.76{\pm}2.15$). The ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica on cancer cell hyperplasia inhibitory activity via MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay exerted cytotoxic effects on Hela cells ($55.83{\pm}3.83$) and MCF-7 cells ($33.03{\pm}2.09$), which were used in this study. Based on these results, it believed that the ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica have antioxidative capacities as well as hyperplasia inhibitory activity of cancer cells. Furthemore, Luffa cylindrica is a candidate for the prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and for the development of functional food.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2009

Carrageenan is a naturally-occurring sulfated polygalactan which has been widely used in the dairy industry and a gelling agent in non-dairy products. In this study, four short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays were investigated to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of carrageenan. The mutagenicity of carrageenan was evaluated up to a maximum dose of 5 mg/plate in Ames test. There was no increase in the number of revertant colonies compared to its negative control at any dose in all of strains tested. To assess clastogenic effect, the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay was performed using Chinese hamster lung cells. Carrageenan was not considered to be clastogenic in this assay at up to the highest feasible concentration which could be evaluated. The in vitro comet assay and micronucleus test results obtained on L5178Y cells also revealed that carrageenan has no genotoxicity potential, although there was a marginal increase in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage in the respective micronucleus and comet assays. Taken together, our results indicate that carrageenan was not genotoxic based on four in vitro genotoxicity results.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.80-83
• /
• 1997

The methanol extract of aerial part of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity against aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Cynaroside, isolated front ethylacetate fraction of the methanol extract Over silica gel, inhibited the mutagenicity of $AFB_1$ with an inhibition value of 96% at 1.0 mg/plate concentration and 87% at 0.5 mg/plate concentration. Other compounds, hyperoside, sucrose and luteolin-7-rutinoside, isolated from ethylactate or n-butanol fraction, also showed antimutagenic effect.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.120.1-120.1
• /
• 2003

The mutagenic potential of Gryllus bimaculatus was evaluated using the short-term genotoxicity tests including Ames, chromosome aberration and micronuclei tests. In salmonella typhimurium assay, G. bimaculatus did not show any mutagenic response in the absence or presence of S9 mix with TA98, TAl00, TA1535, and TA1537. In chromosome aberration test, G. bimaculatus did not show any significant effect on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells compared with control. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.284.1-284.1
• /
• 2002

In previous studies, we demonstrated that ambient PM collected from urban site of Korea air could induce DNA damage, Various mutagens and carcinogens present in the urban air differ according to the source of the pollutants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated compound are produced in the combustion of fossil fuels as diesel emission exhausts. In recent, PAH and nitro-PAH have been identified in urban air particulate matter (PM). and some of them were found to be tumorigenic in experimental animals and humans. (omitted)

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2005

The radio-sensitivity of pathogens and the effect of irradiation on microbiologican safety and mutagenicity of meat products such as seasoned and cooked beef and ham were investigated. Samples were radiation-sterilized and inoculated at 10/sup 7/ cfu/g with each of the four pathogens including Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylcoccus aureus, and Listeria ivanovii. No viable cells of pathogens were observed in the sample irradiated with 3 kGy. The D/sub 10/ value of inoculated pathogens in seasoned and cooked beef and ham were 0.24∼0.48 and 0.39∼0.45, respectively. Results of Ames test performed with non-irradiated and irradiated seasoned and cooked beef and ham were both negative at the level of 625, 1,250, 2,500, 50,000, and! 10,000 ㎍ sample/plate, respectively. Results indicate that low dose (2∼3 kGy) irradiation is effective to ensure safety for seasoned and cooked beef and ham with toxicological wholesomeness.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.527-537
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to determine the effects of antimutagenicity of Porturaca oleracea L. in Korea. In Ames test, the ethanol extract of Poturaca oleracea L. inhibited mutagenic activity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), , 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), benzo($\alpha$)pyrene (B($\alpha$)P) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. But hot-water extract Poturaca oleracea L. only Inhibited mutagenic activity of MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, On 4NQO, the ethanol extract 100-1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of Porturaca oleracea L. showed a slight inhibitory effect of 13-48%, 4-47% in TA98 and TA100, respectively, but on MNNG, it showed higher inhibitory effect of 6-86% in TA100, And the treatment of 1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of ethanol extract of Porturacea L. had strong antimutagenicity with 74-87% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by B(a)P and with 85-93% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by Trp-P-1. The ethanol extract was fractionated with ether. chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Among them, most of the fraction except water fraction showed strong antimutagenicity effects against mutation induced by 4-NQO, MNNG, B(a)P and Trp-P-1. Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 91% inhibition against TA100 induced by MNNG, diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 92%, 98% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by 4NQO, Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 97% inhibition against TA100 induced by B (a)P and diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 98% inhibition against both strain Induced by Trp-P-1, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.897-901
• /
• 1995

To investigate the physiological activities of Humulus japonicus, we examined the mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of the extract and isolated the flavonoid compounds. The water and methanol extracts of Humulus japonicus did not show the mutagenicity by Ames test in the 0.5-4 mg/plate. The methanol extract showed the antimutagenic effect aganinst Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 induced by 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine(NPD) and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide(NQO). The hexane fraction showed comparatively higher antimutagenic effect than other solvent fractions from the methanol extract. The 50% inhibition concentration($IC_{50}$) of hexane fraction were 2.0 mg/plate, 0.5 mg/plate in TA98 and TA100 respectively. Quercitrin and luteolin were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract of Humulus japonicus by TLC and HPLC.