• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2002

GIS technique is applied to the analysis of ambient air quality information. For this study, the TMS-monitored air quality information was imported with the geographical information of the TMS stations in Capital Area. It is found that currently available GIS technique has a great extend of potential for air quality management. From the analysis of air quality information, the GIS application demonstrates the poor air quality in the central Capital Area and the it is improved as it travels down to the suburb area. The ambient air quality is also proven to be highly influenced by the ozone concentration in a mid-summer day.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2014

Objectives South Korea's air quality standards are insufficient in terms of establishing a procedure for their management. The current system lacks a proper decision-making process and prior evidence is not considered. The purpose of this study is to propose a measure for establishing atmospheric environmental standards in South Korea that will take into consideration the health of its residents. Methods In this paper, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of the US was examined in order to suggest ways, which consider health effects, to establish air quality standards in South Korea. Up-to-date research on the health effects of air pollution was then reviewed, and tools were proposed to utilize the key results. This was done in an effort to ensure the reliability of the standards with regard to public health. Results This study showed that scientific research on the health effects of air pollution and the methodology used in the research have contributed significantly to establishing air quality standards. However, as the standards are legally binding, the procedure should take into account the effects on other sectors. Realistically speaking, it is impossible to establish standards that protect an entire population from air pollution. Instead, it is necessary to find a balance between what should be done and what can be done. Conclusions Therefore, establishing air quality standards should be done as part of an evidence-based policy that identifies the health effects of air pollution and takes into consideration political, economic, and social contexts.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.381-391
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• 2007

The air quality modeling was carried out to assess the impact of air quality for large scale urban development. The site for the assessment is Multi-fuctional Administrative City which locates in Yeongi-gun, Chungcheongnam-do and estimated population in 2030 is 500,000. Two automatic weather monitoring stations were installed to monitor the meteorological variables for a year and upper air meteorological parameters were measured using radiosonde for 5 days with 4 hours interval in every season. The air quality of standard air pollutants were also measured for 5 days continuously in every season. The results of wind field analysis based on the site measurements and CALMET modeling showed that the valley and mountain winds were prevailed when the sypnotic wind was weak. It also showed that wind speed and directions were highly space-variable within the site basin. The variable wind characteristics implies that the Gaussian dispersion model such ISC3 and AERMOD are not appropriate and the unsteady-sate Lagrangian model such as CALPUFF is preferable. CALPUFF model was applied to assess air quality impact of new sources. The new sources were those for individual and group heating facilities as well as the traffic increases. The results showed that the estimated concentrations of CO and $SO_2$ pollutants by summing the impact concentration of new sources by the dispersion model and the ambient air concentrations by the site measurements were acceptable but those of PM-10 and $NO_2$ would violate ambient air quality standards at several locations due to high ambient air concentrations. It is recommended that the emission reductions near the site should be enforced to improve the ambient air quality.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2007

Various aspects of the air quality problems caused by ambient particles in and around the city of Seoul are discussed. First, the trend of the air quality in Seoul over time is investigated along with the types and quantities of energy consumption in Seoul. It was found that the general air quality in Seoul has improved over the last twenty years because of a change in the primary fuel used in Korea. However, the visibility in Seoul, a representation of the ambient particle concentration, is still worse than in other cities in Korea. In the air around Seoul, secondary particle generation might be as important as particles directly emitted from within the city or transported from outside.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2013

Objectives: This paper was prepared in memory of Jerry Sherwood, who provided a significant contribution to the Korean environmental and occupational health fields. Methods: Rare air quality data in Seoul were gathered by Jerry Sherwood when he visited Korea in the early 1980s. $SO_2$ and TPM concentrations were measured. These air quality measurements were based on ambient stationary monitoring and indoor air quality monitoring in various locations. Measurement during transportation was also applied. Results: Ambient $SO_2$ and TPM concentrations in Seoul were very high in the early 1980s. Ambient $SO_2$ concentrations were higher at nighttime. While ambient $SO_2$ concentrations varied by location, the Guro industrial area showed high levels. When indoor sources were presented, indoor $SO_2$ concentration was higher than outdoor level. Coal briquettes were closely associated with high indoor $SO_2$ concentration. Conclusion: This paper provided valuable historical information of air quality in Seoul.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.437-449
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• 2003

A multi-functional indoor smog chamber was designed and evaluated to investigate photochemical or water vapor reaction mechanisms of air pollutants. Various smog chamber experiments could be conducted using ambient air or purified air in this smog chamber. The smog chamber consisted of a housing, a Teflon bag, blacklights, injection ports, sampling ports, and utility facilities. The characteristics of light source, the wall losses of air pollutants, and the quality of purified air were experimentally investigated. The maximum NO$_2$ photolysis rate was 1.10 min$^{-1}$ . In a 2.5-m$^3$ Teflon bag, the wall losses of ambient $O_3$, NO, and NO$_2$ were 1.2~2.4$\times$10$^{-3}$ min$^{-1}$ , 0.7~2.0$\times$10$^{-3}$ min$^{-1}$ , and 0.4~2.0$\times$10$^{-3}$ min$^{-1}$ , respectively. The wall loss of ambient particles ranging 0.05 to 0.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was 1.8~5.4$\times$10$^{-3}$ min$^{-1}$ , which was slightly higher than those of ambient gaseous species. The purified air supply system provided high quality of air with NO$_{x}$ < 1 ppb, and total hydrocarbons < 5 ppb.b.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.343-360
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• 1998

In this study, comprehensive air quality monitoring was undertaken with a variety of objectives to collect data on the levels of various indoor and ambient air quality parameters in the urban areas of Seoul and Taegu. The sampling sites were comprised of six offices, six residences and six restaurants in each city. The ambient air adjacent to the indoor sites was also simultaneously sampled for the same constituents. The sampling was conducted in two phases: summer of 1994 and winter of 1994/95. A range of air quality parameters were measured simultaneously, which include RSP, CO, COB, NOB, a range of VOC, airborne microbials, temperature, and relative humidity. The indoor and ambient levels of the pollutants measured in this study varied widely between the three types of environments studied. Comparison of median values for the three groups revealed that restaurants had higher indoor levels of most pollutants than homes or offices. There was also a clear pattern of the indoor levels of target pollutants being higher than those outdoors, particularly in restaurants. Concentrations of CO and most of the VOC were found to be significantly higher in the commercial districts, indicating the influence of vehicle exhaust emissions. A very wide range of VOC levels was documented in this study. Although median indoorloutdoor ratios indicated a generally increasing level of VOC indoors when compared to those outdoors, no statistically significant differences were found between indoor and outdoor VOC levels in homes and offices, implying the importance of ambient air quality in determining the quality of indoor air for homes and offices in urban areas. In addition, there was a general pattern of increasing concentrations from summer to winter, and similarly from outdoor to indoor air for nearly all target compounds. The seasonal differences in median levels were very clearly seen for fuel combustion related pollutants such as RSP, CO and VOC, this being attributed to the effects of increased fuel consumption during the cold season and to meteorological factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.453-459
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• 1996

This study was carried out to determine the changes in quality during the drying process and the optimum drying condition for utilizing soybean curd residue. The quality criteria for soybean curd residue were acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid composition and microbial concentration. The acid values of soybean curd residue were 7.5, 4.5 and 5.9 KOH mg/g upon 12 hour drying with open-air sun, ambient-air blast and warm-air blast, respectively. The numbers of total aerobic bacteria and molds increased remarkably during drying with open-air sunlight, ambient-air blast and warm-air blast except for hot air blast. Among different drying methods, the hot air blast drying(1kg of sample) was the most effective methods, which completed in three hours. Also, the drying method demonstrated a typical drying curve ; settling down, constant rate drying and falling rate drying period were shown within one hour, from one and three hours and after three hours, respectively. Moreover, there was significant variation in the constant drying period for the quality of soybean curd residue.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 1994

Air pollution characteristics and the influence of sea breeze on air pollution concentration were studied using the data measured at 7 air quality continuous monitoring stations in Pusan, 1993. Maximum air pollution concentration in Pusan was Gamjeondong for $SO_2$, Sinpyeongdong for TSP, Daeyeondong for $O_3, Kwangbokdong for $NO_2$, Beomcheondong for CO and all substances were under annual ambient air quality standards. Increased rate of concentration for sea breeze was 24.4% for 502, 31.5% for TSP, 8.0% fort $O_3, 26.7% for $NO_2$, 15.7% for CO. Frequencies distribution of $SO_2$, TSP, $O_3$, $NO_2$, and CO concentration for sea breeze moved toward high concentration class.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2008

The effect of light intensity on the ozone formation and the aerosol number concentration during the photochemical reactions of ambient air was investigated in an indoor smog chamber. The smog chamber consists of a housing, 64 blacklights, and a $2.5-m^3$ reaction bag made of Teflon film. The bag was filled with the unfiltered ambient air in Seoul from January 10 to March 18, 2002. In this work, the photolysis rate of $NO_2$, $k_1$ was used as an index of light intensity. Three levels of light intensity were controlled by changing the number of blacklights turned on among 64 blacklights: $0.29min^{-1}$ (50%), $0.44min^{-1}$ (75%), $0.57min^{-1}$ (100%). The ozone concentration increased rapidly within 10 minutes after irradiation irrespective of light intensity, thereafter it increased linearly during the irradiation. The ozone production rate seems to be dependent on both the light intensity and the quality of ambient air introduced into the reaction bag. The change in aerosol number concentration also depended on both the light intensity and the ambient air quality, especially aerosol size distribution. Based on the initial ambient aerosol size distributions, the photochemical potential for aerosol formation and growth is classified into two cases. One is the case showing aerosol formation and growth processes, and the other is the case showing no apparent change in particle size distribution.